Stora Vidarvatn, Iceland Chironomid and Geochemical Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Stora Vidarvatn, Iceland Chironomid Data LAST UPDATE: 11/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Yarrow Axford, University of Colorado IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-103 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Axford, Y., et al. 2008. Stora Vidarvatn, Iceland Chironomid and Geochemical Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-103. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Axford, Y., A. Geirsdottir, G.H. Miller, and P.G. Langdon. 2008. Climate of the Little Ice Age and the past 2000 years in northeast Iceland inferred from chironomids and other lake sediment proxies. Journal of Paleolimnology, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 7-24, January 2009. doi: 10.1007/s10933-008-9251-1 ABSTRACT: A sedimentary record from lake Stora Vidarvatn in northeast Iceland records environmental changes over the past 2000 years. Downcore data include chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblage data and total organic carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica content. Sample scores from detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of chironomid assemblage data are well correlated with measured temperatures at Stykkishólmur over the 170 year instrumental record, indicating that chironomid assemblages at Stora Vidarvatn have responded sensitively to past temperature changes. DCA scores appear to be useful for quantitatively inferring past temperatures at this site. In contrast, a quantitative chironomid-temperature transfer function developed for northwestern Iceland does a relatively poor job of reconstructing temperature shifts, possibly due to the lake's large size and depth relative to the calibration sites or to the limited resolution of the subfossil taxonomy. The pre-instrumental climate history inferred from chironomids and other paleolimnological proxies is supported by prior inferences from historical documents, glacier reconstructions, and paleoceanographic studies. Much of the first millennium AD was relatively warm, with temperatures comparable to warm decades of the twentieth century. Temperatures during parts of the tenth and eleventh centuries AD may have been comparably warm. Biogenic silica concentrations declined, carbon:nitrogen ratios increased, and some chironomid taxa disappeared from the lake between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries, recording the decline of temperatures into the Little Ice Age, increasing soil erosion, and declining lake productivity. All the proxy reconstructions indicate that the most severe Little Ice Age conditions occurred during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a period historically associated with maximum sea-ice and glacier extent around Iceland. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Iceland, North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 107 - 2007 AD FUNDING SOURCES: Comer Science and Education Foundation, US National Science Foundation (ARC-0455025 and DGE-9987607), RANNIS (Icelandic Centre for Research, grant 0402330121-3), the Science Institute of the University of Iceland, VECO Polar Resources, and the Geological Society of America. DESCRIPTION: Chironomids and other lake sediment proxies from Stora Vidarvatn, Iceland, and DCA-inferred Raufarhofn August temperature. Core 05-SVID-SC was obtained from 20.6 m water depth in summer 2005. Stora Vidarvatn, northeast Iceland: 66°14.232'N, 15°50.083'W, 151m elev. DATA: 1. Pb210 ages Column 1: Core name Column 2: Depth (sample mid-depth in cm) Column 3: Pb-210 activity (Bq/g) Column 4: CRS accumulation rate (g/m2/yr) Column 5: CRS modeled age (yr AD) Core Depth Pb-210 act. CRSacc CRSyear 05-SVID-SC 0.25 0.866916 283 2006 05-SVID-SC 1.25 0.780394 290 2003 05-SVID-SC 2.25 0.771856 267 2000 05-SVID-SC 3.25 0.744672 238 1995 05-SVID-SC 4.25 0.650581 216 1987 05-SVID-SC 6.25 0.459837 191 1972 05-SVID-SC 9.75 0.157799 199 1937 05-SVID-SC 13 0.075686 237 1916 05-SVID-SC 16 0.046836 214 1893 05-SVID-SC 19 0.028561 170 1861 05-SVID-SC 22 0.024457 44 1809 05-SVID-SC 25 0.015494 no data background 05-SVID-SC 28 0.013010 no data background 05-SVID-SC 31 0.008832 no data background 2. Biogenic Si Column 1: Core name Column 2: Depth (sample mid-depth in cm) Column 3: Age (yr AD) Column 4: Biogenic Si (%) Core Depth Year BSi% 05-SVID-SC 0.25 2006 30.2 05-SVID-SC 0.75 2004 28.5 05-SVID-SC 1.25 2003 29.8 05-SVID-SC 1.75 2002 29.9 05-SVID-SC 2.25 2000 27.3 05-SVID-SC 2.75 1998 28.7 05-SVID-SC 3.25 1995 30.1 05-SVID-SC 3.75 1991 30.4 05-SVID-SC 4.25 1987 29.0 05-SVID-SC 4.75 1984 30.6 05-SVID-SC 5.25 1980 32.4 05-SVID-SC 5.75 1976 35.3 05-SVID-SC 6.25 1972 28.3 05-SVID-SC 6.75 1967 28.4 05-SVID-SC 7.25 1962 23.6 05-SVID-SC 7.75 1957 25.5 05-SVID-SC 8.25 1952 27.7 05-SVID-SC 8.75 1947 26.7 05-SVID-SC 9.25 1942 25.3 05-SVID-SC 10 1937 23.0 05-SVID-SC 11 1929 23.7 05-SVID-SC 12 1923 20.8 05-SVID-SC 14 1909 15.2 05-SVID-SC 16 1893 13.5 05-SVID-SC 18 1873 15.5 05-SVID-SC 20 1851 10.8 05-SVID-SC 22 1809 12.4 05-SVID-SC 24 1763 13.3 05-SVID-SC 26 1727 15.0 05-SVID-SC 28 1690 15.0 05-SVID-SC 30 1653 17.5 05-SVID-SC 32 1617 12.2 05-SVID-SC 34 1580 17.6 05-SVID-SC 36 1544 21.0 05-SVID-SC 38 1507 19.6 05-SVID-SC 40 1470 23.2 05-SVID-SC 42 1434 24.4 05-SVID-SC 44 1397 26.7 05-SVID-SC 46 1361 25.8 05-SVID-SC 48 1324 19.8 05-SVID-SC 50 1287 23.6 05-SVID-SC 52 1251 28.1 05-SVID-SC 54 1214 24.0 05-SVID-SC 56 1178 20.1 05-SVID-SC 58 1141 11.4 05-SVID-SC 60 1104 31.8 05-SVID-SC 62 1068 30.4 05-SVID-SC 64 1031 38.7 05-SVID-SC 66 995 37.2 05-SVID-SC 68 958 35.9 05-SVID-SC 70 921 32.1 05-SVID-SC 72 885 28.7 05-SVID-SC 74 848 32.5 05-SVID-SC 76 811 28.5 05-SVID-SC 78 775 26.9 05-SVID-SC 80 738 29.6 05-SVID-SC 82 702 15.0 05-SVID-SC 84 665 30.2 05-SVID-SC 85 647 35.3 04-SVID-03 136 607 44.8 04-SVID-03 140.5 556 51.9 04-SVID-03 142 539 46.1 04-SVID-03 145 504 51.3 04-SVID-03 147.5 475 51.9 04-SVID-03 150 446 51.0 04-SVID-03 153.5 405 60.2 04-SVID-03 157 363 56.9 04-SVID-03 160.5 322 65.3 04-SVID-03 164 280 50.4 04-SVID-03 168 232 55.2 04-SVID-03 172 183 49.9 04-SVID-03 174 159 59.1 04-SVID-03 176 134 60.3 3. Carbon, Nitrogen, and Mineral Matter data Column 1: Core name Column 2: Depth (sample mid-depth in cm) Column 3: Age (yr AD) Column 4: Nitrogen % Column 5: Carbon % Column 6: del 13C Column 7: C:N ratio Column 8: Mineral matter % Core Depth Year N% C% d13C C:N Min.% 05-SVID-SC 0.25 2006 0.81 4.71 -26.57 5.83 57.97 05-SVID-SC 0.75 2004 0.70 4.22 -26.48 6.04 60.91 05-SVID-SC 1.25 2003 0.65 4.25 -26.49 6.51 59.62 05-SVID-SC 1.75 2002 0.64 4.21 -26.41 6.59 59.54 05-SVID-SC 2.25 2000 0.64 4.26 -26.50 6.62 62.06 05-SVID-SC 2.75 1998 0.62 4.21 -26.49 6.85 60.73 05-SVID-SC 3.25 1995 0.57 3.92 -26.37 6.93 60.10 05-SVID-SC 3.75 1991 0.53 3.91 -26.30 7.45 59.86 05-SVID-SC 4.25 1987 0.51 3.82 -26.21 7.46 61.47 05-SVID-SC 4.75 1984 0.47 3.66 -26.17 7.71 60.20 05-SVID-SC 5.25 1980 0.48 3.63 -26.07 7.54 58.49 05-SVID-SC 5.75 1976 0.49 3.70 -26.02 7.57 55.42 05-SVID-SC 6.25 1972 0.46 3.55 -25.76 7.67 62.80 05-SVID-SC 6.75 1967 0.48 3.61 -25.70 7.46 62.57 05-SVID-SC 7.25 1962 0.47 3.57 -25.38 7.65 67.49 05-SVID-SC 7.75 1957 0.45 3.58 -25.14 7.89 65.50 05-SVID-SC 8.25 1952 0.45 3.56 -25.12 7.86 63.46 05-SVID-SC 8.75 1947 0.43 3.51 -25.40 8.10 64.49 05-SVID-SC 9.25 1942 0.41 3.13 -25.20 7.71 66.89 05-SVID-SC 10 1937 0.40 3.15 -25.23 7.87 69.11 05-SVID-SC 11 1929 0.39 3.13 -25.05 7.94 68.47 05-SVID-SC 12 1923 0.35 2.91 -25.18 8.22 71.96 05-SVID-SC 14 1909 0.32 2.84 -24.90 8.87 77.74 05-SVID-SC 16 1893 0.32 2.89 -24.75 9.00 79.26 05-SVID-SC 18 1873 0.33 2.99 -24.93 8.99 77.04 05-SVID-SC 20 1851 0.33 2.90 -25.08 8.86 81.90 05-SVID-SC 22 1809 0.34 3.02 -25.02 8.90 80.02 05-SVID-SC 24 1763 0.32 2.91 -24.97 9.03 79.43 05-SVID-SC 26 1727 0.33 2.74 -24.90 8.32 78.11 05-SVID-SC 28 1690 0.31 2.72 -24.74 8.73 78.18 05-SVID-SC 30 1653 0.29 2.52 -24.66 8.78 76.22 05-SVID-SC 32 1617 0.22 2.01 -25.24 9.14 82.79 05-SVID-SC 34 1580 0.32 2.68 -25.03 8.37 75.66 05-SVID-SC 36 1544 0.33 2.76 -24.68 8.25 72.06 05-SVID-SC 38 1507 0.31 2.63 -24.68 8.37 73.81 05-SVID-SC 40 1470 0.32 2.67 -24.86 8.24 70.14 05-SVID-SC 42 1434 0.34 2.65 -24.87 7.78 69.00 05-SVID-SC 44 1397 0.33 2.62 -24.60 8.03 66.76 05-SVID-SC 46 1361 0.29 2.28 -24.74 7.83 68.46 05-SVID-SC 48 1324 0.23 1.81 -24.76 7.90 75.65 05-SVID-SC 50 1287 0.26 2.05 -25.00 7.97 71.31 05-SVID-SC 52 1251 0.33 2.47 -24.50 7.42 65.68 05-SVID-SC 54 1214 0.34 2.57 -24.48 7.64 69.56 05-SVID-SC 56 1178 0.29 2.36 -24.66 8.09 74.00 05-SVID-SC 58 1141 0.13 1.06 -25.28 8.24 85.95 05-SVID-SC 60 1104 0.34 2.69 -24.99 7.84 61.47 05-SVID-SC 62 1068 0.34 2.60 -24.80 7.70 63.11 05-SVID-SC 64 1031 0.35 2.62 -24.85 7.47 54.76 05-SVID-SC 66 995 0.36 2.57 -24.46 7.17 56.39 05-SVID-SC 68 958 0.37 2.69 -24.72 7.30 57.43 05-SVID-SC 70 921 0.35 2.60 -24.56 7.42 61.38 05-SVID-SC 72 885 0.36 2.72 -24.72 7.48 64.51 05-SVID-SC 74 848 0.36 2.56 -24.49 7.18 61.11 05-SVID-SC 76 811 0.32 2.39 -24.43 7.42 65.57 05-SVID-SC 78 775 0.33 2.47 -24.83 7.40 66.94 05-SVID-SC 80 738 0.30 2.24 -24.79 7.50 64.83 05-SVID-SC 82 702 0.14 1.06 -24.85 7.34 82.40 05-SVID-SC 84 665 0.30 2.16 -24.59 7.14 64.46 05-SVID-SC 85 647 0.34 2.41 -24.54 7.12 58.68 04-SVID-03 154 399 0.45 3.12 -24.88 6.97 48.17 04-SVID-03 172 183 0.41 3.06 -24.72 7.41 42.47 4a. Chironomid percentage data and inferred temperature, part 1 Values for taxa are reported as percentages of identified head capsules. Column 1: Core name Column 2: Depth (sample mid-depth in cm) Column 3: Age (yr AD) Column 4: Total head capsules identified Column 5: Diamesa undifferentiated Column 6: Procladius Column 7: Corynoneura scutellata Column 8: Cricotopus type P Column 9: Cricotopus/Orthocladius undifferentiated Column 10: Eukiefferiella Column 11: Heterotrissocladius Column 12: Metriocnemus fuscipes type Column 13: Cricotopus type I Column 14: Orthocladius type A Column 15: Psectrocladius sordidellus type Column 16: Thienemanniella Core Depth Year Tot.Caps Dia-und Proc C.scut Cric-p Cric/Orth Euk Het M.fus CricI OrthA P.sord Thien 05-SVID-SC 0.5 2005 73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 8.90 44.52 0.00 1.37 1.37 15.07 0.00 05-SVID-SC 2.75 1998 132 0.00 0.76 0.00 0.76 0.76 8.71 47.73 0.00 2.27 1.52 18.56 0.00 05-SVID-SC 4.75 1984 130 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.08 8.46 50.00 0.77 0.00 3.85 12.69 0.77 05-SVID-SC 6.75 1967 86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 5.81 67.44 0.00 2.33 2.33 11.63 0.00 05-SVID-SC 8.25 1952 151 0.00 0.00 0.66 1.32 1.66 3.64 66.23 0.00 0.66 3.64 9.60 0.00 05-SVID-SC 10.25 1937 114.5 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.87 3.06 6.99 44.54 0.00 0.87 5.24 20.52 1.75 05-SVID-SC 13 1916 75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 2.00 9.33 61.33 0.00 1.33 2.00 10.67 2.67 05-SVID-SC 15 1901 74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.35 4.73 68.92 0.00 1.35 2.03 6.76 0.00 05-SVID-SC 18 1873 77.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.29 1.29 6.45 63.23 0.00 1.29 7.10 15.48 0.00 05-SVID-SC 20 1851 45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.33 0.00 63.33 0.00 0.00 4.44 11.11 0.00 05-SVID-SC 23 1786 45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.44 6.67 67.78 0.00 1.11 1.11 4.44 0.00 05-SVID-SC 27 1708 83.5 0.00 0.00 1.20 0.00 1.20 7.19 58.08 0.00 2.40 3.59 13.17 0.00 05-SVID-SC 30 1653 64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.00 3.13 57.81 0.00 3.91 1.56 13.28 1.56 05-SVID-SC 36 1544 57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 7.02 63.16 0.00 0.00 1.75 17.54 0.00 05-SVID-SC 43 1452 116.5 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.00 4.29 3.43 66.09 0.00 3.00 0.86 8.15 0.00 05-SVID-SC 49 1306 64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.03 71.09 0.00 4.69 1.56 6.25 1.56 05-SVID-SC 55 1201 81.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 3.68 2.45 53.99 0.00 6.13 3.07 15.95 0.00 05-SVID-SC 61 1132 71 0.00 0.00 1.41 2.11 2.82 4.93 38.03 0.00 8.45 2.82 28.87 1.41 05-SVID-SC 64 1031 71.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.69 51.05 0.00 1.40 2.80 16.08 0.00 05-SVID-SC 66 995 134 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.99 5.97 50.37 0.00 3.36 1.87 21.27 0.00 05-SVID-SC 75 830 89 1.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 6.18 56.18 0.00 2.25 6.74 9.55 0.00 05-SVID-SC 84 665 64 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.91 1.56 7.81 38.28 1.56 3.13 4.69 20.31 0.00 04-SVID-03 140 578 112.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.11 15.11 24.44 0.00 1.78 2.22 28.89 0.44 04-SVID-03 144.5 510 66.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.26 14.29 40.60 0.00 1.50 2.26 22.56 0.00 04-SVID-03 149.5 455 49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.08 2.04 43.88 0.00 6.12 2.04 18.37 0.00 04-SVID-03 156.5 370 68.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 3.65 12.41 36.50 0.00 0.73 0.00 30.66 0.00 04-SVID-03 163.5 287 72.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.14 13.10 47.59 0.00 2.76 2.76 17.24 0.00 04-SVID-03 178.5 107 79.5 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.29 8.18 44.03 0.00 6.29 2.52 19.50 1.26 4b. Chironomid percentage data and inferred temperature, part b Values for taxa are reported as percentages of identified head capsules. Column 1: Core name Column 2: Depth (sample mid-depth in cm) Column 3: Age (yr AD) Column 4: Total head capsules identified Column 5: Orthocladiinae undifferentiated Column 6: Chironomus anthracinus type Column 7: Chironomini larvula Column 8: Paracladopelma Column 9: Tanytarsus lugens type Column 10: Micropsectra Column 11: Tanytarsini undifferentiated Column 12: Head capsules per gram dry sediment Column 13: DCA1 Column 14: DCA2 Column 15: DCA-inferred Raufarhofn August temperature Core Depth Year Tot.Caps Orth-und C.anth C.larv Parcl T.lug Micro T.und HeadCaps DCA1 DCA2 AugTemp 05-SVID-SC 0.5 2005 73 2.05 2.74 2.74 9.59 5.48 2.74 1.37 98.6 0.17926 -0.25485 9.52 05-SVID-SC 2.75 1998 132 0.76 0.76 1.52 6.82 5.30 3.03 0.76 100.0 0.18346 -0.04454 9.53 05-SVID-SC 4.75 1984 130 4.62 0.00 0.77 13.46 0.77 0.00 0.77 99.2 -0.13266 -0.10290 8.48 05-SVID-SC 6.75 1967 86 2.33 0.00 0.00 2.33 3.49 1.16 0.00 107.5 -0.14618 0.03697 8.44 05-SVID-SC 8.25 1952 151 2.65 1.99 0.00 6.62 1.32 0.00 0.00 148.0 -0.25819 0.05262 8.07 05-SVID-SC 10.25 1937 114.5 1.31 0.87 0.00 7.86 5.24 0.00 0.00 88.1 0.05319 0.14955 9.10 05-SVID-SC 13 1916 75 2.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 67.6 -0.24557 0.17818 8.11 05-SVID-SC 15 1901 74 3.38 1.35 0.00 10.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.9 -0.34362 -0.08612 7.78 05-SVID-SC 18 1873 77.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.4 -0.17821 0.10661 8.33 05-SVID-SC 20 1851 45 2.22 2.22 0.00 11.11 2.22 0.00 0.00 45.5 -0.27007 -0.06043 8.03 05-SVID-SC 23 1786 45 3.33 0.00 0.00 11.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.5 -0.34859 -0.01668 7.77 05-SVID-SC 27 1708 83.5 4.79 0.00 0.00 5.99 2.40 0.00 0.00 64.7 -0.12669 -0.01194 8.50 05-SVID-SC 30 1653 64 5.47 1.56 1.56 6.25 1.56 1.56 0.00 48.5 -0.09994 0.06229 8.59 05-SVID-SC 36 1544 57 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.6 -0.20271 -0.00966 8.25 05-SVID-SC 43 1452 116.5 3.00 0.86 0.00 6.01 1.72 0.00 0.86 118.9 -0.18617 -0.12408 8.31 05-SVID-SC 49 1306 64 1.56 1.56 0.00 3.13 1.56 0.00 0.00 no data -0.19623 -0.05557 8.27 05-SVID-SC 55 1201 81.5 0.61 0.00 1.23 9.20 0.00 1.84 0.00 80.5 -0.07973 0.03631 8.66 05-SVID-SC 61 1132 71 0.70 1.41 0.00 2.82 1.41 2.82 0.00 118.3 0.26822 0.40127 9.81 05-SVID-SC 64 1031 71.5 0.00 3.50 0.00 17.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 119.2 -0.21226 -0.00802 8.22 05-SVID-SC 66 995 134 2.24 0.00 0.00 5.97 2.24 2.24 0.75 135.4 0.07590 0.06135 9.18 05-SVID-SC 75 830 89 3.37 1.69 0.00 7.87 2.25 0.00 1.12 148.3 -0.12618 -0.16998 8.51 05-SVID-SC 84 665 64 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.81 3.13 6.25 1.56 128.0 0.26934 0.37339 9.82 04-SVID-03 140 578 112.5 7.56 3.56 0.00 1.78 2.67 1.78 2.67 no data 0.58173 -0.16526 10.85 04-SVID-03 144.5 510 66.5 3.01 3.01 0.00 1.50 7.52 1.50 0.00 no data 0.39701 -0.23956 10.24 04-SVID-03 149.5 455 49 3.06 4.08 0.00 4.08 8.16 2.04 2.04 no data 0.29873 -0.08617 9.91 04-SVID-03 156.5 370 68.5 2.92 2.92 0.00 6.57 1.46 0.00 0.00 no data 0.27270 -0.13191 9.83 04-SVID-03 163.5 287 72.5 1.38 1.38 0.00 4.14 4.14 1.38 0.00 no data 0.16760 -0.07996 9.48 04-SVID-03 178.5 107 79.5 0.63 1.26 0.00 3.77 2.52 1.26 1.26 no data 0.13851 0.23579 9.38