# Flower Valley Lake, Southeast Greenland 8800 Year Biogeochemical Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# plus the Online Resource and date accessed.
#
# Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:14513
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/flower-valley2013ms.txt
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Paleolimnology
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2013-05-24
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Flower Valley Lake, Southeast Greenland 8800 Year Biogeochemical Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
#      Investigators: Balascio, N.L.; D'Andrea, W.J.; Bradley, R.S.; Perren, B.B.  
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#      Description: Biogeochemical data from a 1.6-m sediment core from Flower Valley Lake 
#      on Ammassalik Island spanning the last 8.8 ka. Data include Magnetic susceptibility, 
#      bulk biogeochemical properties (TOC, C/N, d13Corg), lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes; C16 -C31), 
#      hydrogen isotope values (dD) of mid- (n-C25) and long-chain (n-C29, n-C31) n-alkanes.
#--------------------
# Publication 
#       Authors: Balascio, N.L., D'Andrea, W.J., Bradley, R.S., Perren, B.B.
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2013      
#       Published_Title: Biogeochemical evidence for hydrologic changes during the Holocene in a lake sediment record from southeast Greenland. 
#       Journal_Name: The Holocene
#       Volume: in press
#       Edition: 
#       Issue: 
#       Pages: 
#       DOI: 
#       Abstract: Holocene paleoclimate records from Greenland help us understand the response of the Greenland Ice Sheet and regional oceanic and atmospheric circulation systems to natural climate variability in order to place recent changes in a longer-term perspective.  Here biogeochemical analysis of a lake sediment core from southeast Greenland is used to define changes in moisture balance and runoff during the Holocene in a catchment near the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet.  A 1.6-m sediment core that spans the last 8.8 ka was recovered from Flower Valley Lake on Ammassalik Island.  Magnetic susceptibility, diatoms, bulk biogeochemical properties (TOC, C/N, d13Corg), and lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes; C16 -C31) reveal changes in clastic sedimentation and the relative input of terrestrial- and aquatic-derived organic matter.  Hydrogen isotope values (dD) of mid- (n-C25) and long-chain (n-C29, n-C31) n-alkanes allow reconstruction of dD of precipitation and summertime evaporation of lake water.  Following a period of early lake ontogeny and landscape stabilization after deglaciation from 8.4-7.0 ka, the mid-Holocene, 8.4-4.1 ka, is characterized by greater evaporative enrichment of the lake water as indicated by dD records. After 4.1 ka, there is a decrease in evaporative enrichment of the lake water.  There is also an abrupt transition to more variable sedimentation marked by sharp increases in magnetic susceptibility, C/N, d13Corg, and the concentration of long-chain n-alkanes, showing periodic delivery of terrestrial organic matter and clastic sediment to the lake.  Higher insolation during the mid-Holocene resulted in a warmer and drier climate with longer ice-free periods in the summer and enhanced evaporation of lake water.  The reduction in insolation and colder temperatures during the late Holocene caused a reduction in evaporation of lake water over the last 4.1 ka and was accompanied by periodic increases in surface runoff, which correspond with intervals of cold Greenland Ice Sheet surface temperatures.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#       Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation
#       Grant: 
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#       Site_Name: Flower Valley Lake
#       Location: North America>Greenland
#	Country: 
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 65.6107
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 65.6107
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -37.6935
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -37.6935
# 	Elevation: 73 m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: FlowerValley2013MS 
#	Earliest_Year: 8692
#	Most_Recent_Year: -60 
#	Time_Unit: Cal year BP 
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology: 
#
# 14C Chronology				
# 				
# Depth (cm)	14C Years BP	±	Description	Laboratory #
# 3.5			210Pb	
# 12	1140	25	Plant/Wood 	UCI-89381
# 29	1970	35	Plant/Wood	OS-89641   
# 36	2080	20	Plant/Wood 	UCI-89382
# 54	1885	20	Plant/Wood	UCI-87237
# 63	2180	35	Plant/Wood	OS-89642
# 78	3145	20	Plant/Wood 	UCI-87238
# 103	4010	30	Plant/Wood	UCI-89383
# 122	5575	30	Plant/Wood 	UCI-89384
# 146	7540	80	Plant/Wood 	UCI-87239
# 151	7375	25	Plant/Wood	UCI-89385
# 	
#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow (have no #)
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 

depth_cm	depth, , , cm, , , , ,N
age_calBP	age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N
susc_si	Magnetic susceptibility, , , 10^-6 SI, , , , ,N 

#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values: 

depth_cm	age_calBP	susc_si
0	-60	6
0.5	-33	11
1	-7	35
1.5	20	61
2	47	102
2.5	73	79
3	100	98
3.5	152	119
4	204	136
4.5	256	253
5	308	457
5.5	360	266
6	412	217
6.5	465	171
7	517	103
7.5	569	114
8	621	173
8.5	673	63
9	725	62
9.5	777	129
10	829	93
10.5	881	76
11	933	83
11.5	985	119
12	1037	114
12.5	1089	159
13	1142	135
13.5	1194	180
14	1246	374
14.5	1298	417
15	1350	378
15.5	1402	349
16	1454	316
16.5	1506	245
17	1558	241
17.5	1610	153
18	1662	44
18.5	1714	84
19	1766	183
53	1776	530
53.5	1806	247
54	1835	203
54.5	1864	171
55	1894	160
55.5	1923	152
56	1953	155
56.5	1982	143
57	2012	146
57.5	2042	179
58	2072	128
58.5	2101	105
59	2131	106
59.5	2162	98
60	2192	188
60.5	2222	562
61	2253	625
61.5	2283	699
62	2314	695
62.5	2345	626
63	2377	727
63.5	2408	805
64	2440	853
64.5	2472	992
65	2503	799
65.5	2536	618
66	2568	327
66.5	2600	140
67	2632	26
67.5	2664	44
68	2697	57
68.5	2729	29
69	2761	29
69.5	2793	40
70	2826	40
70.5	2858	42
71	2889	54
71.5	2921	94
72	2953	61
72.5	2984	48
73	3015	46
73.5	3046	72
74	3077	66
74.5	3107	27
75	3137	10
75.5	3167	17
76	3196	47
76.5	3225	24
77	3254	17
77.5	3282	13
78	3309	9
78.5	3337	5
79	3364	8
79.5	3390	12
80	3416	12
80.5	3442	36
81	3468	41
81.5	3493	64
82	3518	63
82.5	3543	57
83	3568	37
83.5	3592	30
84	3616	24
84.5	3640	38
85	3664	48
85.5	3688	106
86.5	3736	429
87	3760	335
87.5	3784	181
88	3807	68
88.5	3831	32
89	3855	19
89.5	3879	14
90	3903	19
90.5	3928	14
91	3952	17
91.5	3977	13
92	4002	12
92.5	4027	7
93	4052	10
93.5	4078	9
94	4104	9
94.5	4130	7
95	4157	9
95.5	4184	13
96	4211	18
96.5	4239	9
97	4268	6
97.5	4296	8
98	4326	19
98.5	4356	34
99	4386	15
99.5	4417	11
100	4448	7
100.5	4480	8
101	4513	9
101.5	4547	11
102	4581	11
102.5	4616	15
103	4651	6
103.5	4687	6
104	4724	5
104.5	4762	10
105	4800	4
105.5	4839	9
106	4878	5
106.5	4918	20
107	4958	2
107.5	4999	5
108	5041	3
108.5	5083	4
109	5125	4
109.5	5168	17
110	5211	21
110.5	5254	11
111	5298	8
111.5	5342	7
112	5387	4
112.5	5431	4
113	5476	2
113.5	5521	2
114	5566	1
114.5	5612	1
115	5657	1
115.5	5703	1
116	5748	2
116.5	5794	0
117	5840	1
117.5	5886	3
118	5931	3
118.5	5977	0
119	6023	1
119.5	6068	0
120	6114	0
120.5	6159	2
121	6204	0
121.5	6249	0
122	6293	0
122.5	6338	0
123	6382	0
123.5	6426	0
124	6470	0
124.5	6513	0
125	6556	1
125.5	6599	0
126	6641	0
126.5	6684	0
127	6726	0
127.5	6767	1
128	6809	1
128.5	6850	0
129	6891	1
129.5	6931	0
130	6971	1
130.5	7011	1
131	7051	2
131.5	7090	1
132	7129	3
132.5	7168	0
133	7206	1
133.5	7244	1
134	7282	2
134.5	7319	2
135	7356	0
135.5	7393	3
136	7429	6
136.5	7465	12
137	7501	4
137.5	7536	4
138	7571	9
138.5	7606	6
139	7640	2
139.5	7674	1
140	7707	2
140.5	7740	2
141	7773	2
141.5	7805	1
142	7837	1
142.5	7869	1
143	7900	1
143.5	7930	-8
144	7961	1
144.5	7991	2
145	8020	0
145.5	8049	1
146	8078	1
146.5	8106	2
147	8134	2
147.5	8162	2
148	8189	3
148.5	8216	4
149	8243	5
149.5	8270	5
150	8296	20
150.5	8322	47
151	8349	97
151.5	8375	261
152	8402	618
152.5	8428	750
153	8454	696
153.5	8481	166
154	8507	21
154.5	8534	33
155	8560	61
155.5	8586	93
156	8613	47
156.5	8639	10
157	8666	11
157.5	8692	17