# Eastern Finland Late Holocene Lake Level Reconstructions
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22211
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/lakelevels/europe/finland/kylmanlampi2015.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Archive: Lake Level Reconstruction
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# Parameter_Keywords: 
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# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2017-06-06
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2017-06-06
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# Title
#    Study_Name: Eastern Finland Late Holocene Lake Level Reconstructions
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# Investigators
#      Investigators: Luoto, T.P.; Nevalainen, L. 
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: Chironomid based lake level reconstruction
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# Publication
# Authors: Luoto, Tomi P; Nevalainen Liisa
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2015
# Published_Title: Late Holocene precipitation and temperature changes in Northern Europe linked with North Atlantic forcing
# Journal_Name: Climate Research
# Volume: 66
# Edition: 
# Issue: 1
# Pages: 37-48
# Report Number: 
# DOI: 10.3354/cr01331
# Online_Resource: 
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: Long-term paleoclimatic records are needed for understanding natural variability in the context of climate change. Two lake sediment cores were collected from eastern Finland from sites considered sensitive for precipitation and temperature, respectively, over the last ~3000 yr. The paleoclimatic reconstructions based on fossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) assemblages were considered against a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstruction to disentangle possible forcing mechanisms. Generally low effective precipitation was reconstructed between ~3000 and 1500 cal yr BP (calibrated years before present). A distinct stream flow event occurred between ~2400 and 2200 cal yr BP, and the highest effective precipitation occurred ~1300 cal yr BP. The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) between ~1200 and 800 cal yr BP was dry, but the Little Ice Age (LIA) between ~700 and 200 cal yr BP had fluctuating precipitation. The temperature reconstruction depicted a late Holocene cooling trend, which ended at ~1300 cal yr BP when the warm MCA began. The MCA was followed by the cold LIA and the last 100 yr have been characterized by rapid warming. Present temperatures are higher than during any time period of the late Holocene. A general trend of positive NAO mode with elevated summer temperatures and dry hydroclimatic conditions prevailed during the MCA and a negative mode with reduced temperatures during the LIA. However, the NAO-hydroclimate relationship over eastern Scandinavia was not straightforward during the LIA, which varied in moisture dynamics. The records from this present study provide a unique climate archive from the crossing point of southern and northern and eastern and western air masses.
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: 
#    Grant: 
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# Site Information
# Site_Name: Kylmänlampi
# Location: Europe>Northern Europe>Scandanavia>Finland
# Country: Finland
# Northernmost_Latitude: 64.3
# Southernmost_Latitude: 64.3
# Easternmost_Longitude: 30.25
# Westernmost_Longitude: 30.25
# Elevation: 193 m
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# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: Kylmanlampi2015LL
#   First_Year: -778
#   Last_Year: 2000
#   Time_Unit: AD
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: 
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# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
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# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
## Depth (cm)	Sediment depth,,,cm,,,,,,
## Age AD	Chronology,,,AD,,,,,,
## Water depth (m)	Reconstructed lake depth,,,m,,Chironomids,,Transfer function,,
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# Data
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Value: 
Depth (cm)	Age AD	Water depth (m)
0	2000	17.68
1	1897	17.65
2	1794	22.60
3	1691	18.47
4	1588	10.88
5	1486	15.96
6	1383	18.48
7	1280	22.76
8	1177	17.84
9	1074	15.33
10	971	22.78
11	868	14.72
12	765	19.53
13	662	19.71
14	560	17.88
15	457	15.50
16	354	14.91
17	251	16.05
18	148	17.83
19	45	17.52
20	-58	14.89
21	-161	18.27
22	-264	17.30
23	-366	18.97
24	-469	18.12
25	-572	17.12
26	-675	12.40
27	-778	16.60