Lahontan Basin, Nevada Carbon and Strontium Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Lahontan Basin, Nevada Carbon and Strontium Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 10/2002 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Larry Benson, United States Geological Survey IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2002-064 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Benson, L., et al., 2002, Lahontan Basin, Nevada Carbon and Strontium Isotope Data, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2002-064. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Benson, L. and Z. Peterman, 1996, Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 3. The use of 87Sr values in carbonate deposits (tufas) to determine the hydrologic state of paleolake systems. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Volume 119, Issues 3-4, Pages 201-213, January 1996. Benson, L., M. Kashgarian, and M. Rubin, 1995, Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 2. Lake levels and polar jet stream positions reconstructed from radiocarbon ages and elevations of carbonates (tufas) deposited in the Lahontan basin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Volume 117, Issues 1-2, Pages 1-30, August 1995. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Western North America, Lahontan Basin, Nevada PERIOD OF RECORD: Late Quaternary, 35 KYrBP-present ABSTRACTS: Benson and Peterman 1996: Sierran rivers that discharge to the Lahontan basin have much lower (~ 4.5 per mill) d87Sr values than the Humboldt River which drains northeastern Nevada. The d87Sr values of tufas deposited during the last lake cycle were used to determine when Humboldt derived Sr entered the Pyramid Lake subbasin. Prior to ~15,000 yr B.P., the Humboldt River flowed to the Smoke Creek-Black Rock Desert subbasin. During the recession of Lake Lahontan, the Humboldt River diverted to the Carson Desert subbasin. This study has demonstrated that 87Sr can be used to determine drainage histories of multi-basin lake systems if the d87Sr values of rivers that discharge to the basins are sufficiently different. Benson et al. 1995: Most of the tufas in the Pyramid Lake subbasin were deposited within the last 35,000 yr, including most of the mound tufas that border the existing lake. Many of the older tufas (>21,000 yr B.P.) contained in the mounds were formed in association with ground-water discharge. The radiocarbon (14C) ages of the older tufas represent maximum estimates of the time of their formation. Lake Lahontan experienced large and abrupt rises in level at ~22,000, 15,000, and 11,000 yr B.P. and three abrupt recessions in level at ~16,000, 13,600, and 10,000 yr B.P. The lake-level rises that were initiated at ~23,500 and 15,500 yr B.P. are believed to indicate the passage of the polar jet stream over the Lahontan basin. During expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, the jet stream moved south across the basin, and during the contraction of the Ice Sheet, the jet stream moved north across the basin. The bulk of the carbonate contained in the mound tufas was deposited during the last major lake cycle (~23,500-12,000 yr B.P.), indicating that ground- and surface-water discharges increased at ~23,500 and decreased at ~12,000 yr B.P. A lake-level oscillation that occurred between 11,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. is represented by a 2-cm thick layer of dense laminated tufa that occurs at and below 1180m in the low-elevation tufa mounds and at 1205m in the Winnemucca Lake subbasin. DESCRIPTION: Benson et al. 1995 and 1996 Lahontan Basin, Nevada Carbon and Strontium Isotope Data Site Location Codes: MB = Marble Bluff DH = Doghead Rock NR = Needles Rocks PP = Pelican Pt PR = Popcorn Rocks BT = Blanc Tetons AP = Astor Pass SM = Sand Mountain PC = Pipeline Canyon TS = Trego Hot Springs TH = Terraced Hills PE = K99 WD = Winnemucca Lake basin PI = Pyramid Island SS = S bar S ranch WA = Wadsworth amphitheatre DATA: 1. RADIOCARBON DATES FROM WOOD AND FISH BONE SAMPLES: SAMPLE Lab Locality Elevation 14C age +/- d13C K14C-600 kcalyr number number (m) yr yr BP fish bones in beach sediments: cuiui 1164 1690 50 1.09 1.04 wood samples gx13744 1154 9660 170 11.15 WIS377 1169 9720 100 11.16 I8194 1177 9780 130 11.2 I8193 1177 9970 140 11.31 WIS363 1174 670 55 0.655 I8195 1177 1025 85 0.95 IS364 1173 1110 55 1.05 WIS378 1172 2270 55 2.33 WIS361 1160 2710 60 2.78 WIS376 1174 2890 50 2.98 WIS 374 1168 8800 90 9.69 2. TUFA 14C AND 13C VALUES: SAMPLE Lab Locality Elevation 14C age +/- d13C K14C-600 number number (m) yr yr Tufa cementing talus PL88-1 LDGO-1723B MB 1212 33200 1660 PL88-2 LDGO-1723C MB 1212 50390 Tufa lining cave PL89-20b1 CAMS-5766 MB 1204 40960 2270 3.05 Tubular tufa PL90-103 W-6321 DH 1218.2 18060 180 2.49 17.46 PL91-502 W-6390 DH 1217.5 20680 220 3.03 20.08 PL91-501 W-6389 DH 1216.4 21190 320 2.63 20.59 PL90-102 W-6325 DH 1216.9 21910 290 2.99 21.31 PL90-114 CAMS-5723 NR 1183 29720 590 3.54 29.12 PL90-114 CAMS-6230 NR 1183 30880 470 3.54 30.28 PLPP92-9 CAMS-6239 PP 1162 31580 530 3.42 30.98 PL90-116 CAMS-5724 NR 1190 31640 640 3.43 31.04 PL90-116 CAMS-6231 NR 1190 32410 560 3.43 31.81 PLPP92-9 CAMS-5925 PP 1162 34340 1260 3.42 33.74 PLPR92-2l CAMS-3868 PR 1162 37220 860 3.20 36.62 PLPR92-2i CAMS-3865 PR 1162 39060 1130 3.76 38.46 PLPR92-2k CAMS-3867 PR 1162 40190 1240 3.75 39.59 PLPR92-2j CAMS-3866 PR 1162 41380 1500 3.52 40.78 Old branching tufa PLPR92-1 CAMS-5927 PR 1161 19630 140 3.04 19.03 PLPP92-1 CAMS-6233 PP 1162 20200 140 3.31 19.60 PLPP92-7 CAMS-6234 PP 1162 19150 120 3.34 18.55 PLPP92-7 CAMS-5924 PP 1162 20360 130 3.34 19.76 PLPP92-1 CAMS-5923 PP 1162 20770 130 3.31 20.17 PLPP92-6t W-6445 PP 1162 26020 400 3.60 25.42 PLPP92-6t CAMS-5914 PP 1162 26250 630 3.60 25.65 PLPPB92-1 CAMS-5926 PP 1162 27380 270 4.21 26.78 PLPPB92-1 CAMS-6240 PP 1162 27840 320 4.21 27.24 PLPP92-5t CAMS-5731 PP 1162 34130 890 2.99 33.53 PLPP92-5t CAMS-6237 PP 1162 35170 850 2.99 34.57 Wood coated by old branching tufa PLPP92-6W CAMS-5683 PP 1162 29820 520 (-25) 29.82 PLPP92-6W CAMS-6557 PP 1162 31410 602 (-25) 31.41 PLPP92-5W CAMS-5682 PP 1162 37730 1350 (-25) 37.73 PLPP92-5W CAMS-6558 PP 1162 45430 - (-25) 45.43 Young thinolite tufa PL90-109a CAMS-5719 BT 1160 20150 160 2.73 19.55 PLPP92-2 CAMS-6017 PP 1162 20770 170 2.93 20.17 Young thinolite - young branching tufa transition PL90-109d CAMS-5720 BT 1160 17580 170 2.61 16.98 "Young branching tufa (includes stony, nodular, mammillary and conal tufas " found in pillow- and reef-form tufa) PL91-601b W-6429 MB 1251 12560 130 4.00 11.96 PLBT92-b1a CAMS-4425 BT 1160 12520 90 3.15 11.92 PLBT92-b1b CAMS-4426 BT 1160 12730 90 3.15 12.13 PL91-503g CAMS-5769 DH 1217.4 13020 90 3.35 12.42 PL91-503 W-6391 DH 1217.4 13240 220 3.63 12.64 PLBT93-1e1 CAMS-5774 BT 1159 12770 90 3.50 12.17 PL90-111 CAMS-5722 BT 1160 12810 80 3.72 12.21 PL91-504 CAMS-5770 DH 1216.8 12910 80 3.62 12.31 PL91-504 W-6393 DH 1216.8 12980 150 3.62 12.38 PLBT92-b2b CAMS-4428 BT 1160 12930 90 3.10 12.33 PLBT92-b2a CAMS-4427 BT 1160 12940 90 3.50 12.34 PL91-602 W-6430 MB 1251 13000 150 3.59 12.40 PL89-8 LDGO-1743p MB 1251 13240 80 3.54 12.64 PL89-7 LDGO-1743o MB 1251 13390 80 3.37 12.79 PL90-108 CAMS-6236 MB 1251 13440 90 3.34 12.84 PL90-108 CAMS-6235 MB 1251 13460 100 3.34 12.86 PLBT93-1e2 CAMS-5775 BT 1159 13460 90 3.52 12.86 PL91-601a W-6428 MB 1251 13810 140 3.79 13.21 PL91-603 W-6431 MB 1251 14180 150 3.72 13.58 PL90-110 CAMS-5721 BT 1160 15730 140 2.44 15.13 PL91-604g CAMS-5917 MB 1251 17510 150 3.37 16.91 PL91-604 W-6432 MB 1251 17950 250 3.37 17.35 PL90-107 W-6330 DH 1220.7 15770 190 3.01 15.17 PL90-106 W-6323 DH 1217.5 16140 100 3.52 15.54 PL91-605 W-6433 MB 1251 16600 220 3.52 16.00 PL91-505 W-6394 DH 1218.7 16700 210 3.14 16.10 PL91-606 W-6434 MB 1251 16710 220 3.45 16.11 PL91-506 W-6395 DH 1216.9 17060 200 3.32 16.46 PL88-4 LDGO-1723e MB 1234 17110 190 16.51 PL90-101 W-6324 DH 1216.3 17850 130 3.10 17.25 PL90-105 W-6322 DH 1218.5 18130 150 2.85 17.53 PL89-5 LDGO-1743n MB 1251 18150 140 3.08 17.55 PL90-104 W-6328 DH 1217.1 18840 220 2.96 18.24 PL88-3 LDGO-1723d MB 1234 18880 240 18.28 Chara deposits PL85-2c USGS-2171 AP 1257 14640 160 14.04 PL4c I-9479 AP 1256 17680 270 17.08 WDL84-3c CL-4254140 AP 1230 18250 220 17.65 PL5c I-9480 AP 1257 18250 290 17.65 PL85-4c USGS-2173 AP 1255 18680 90 18.08 PL3c I-9470 AP 1254 19350 330 18.75 PL85-5c USGS-2174 AP 1254 19520 90 18.92 Gastropods in chara deposits WDL84-2g CL-4254142 AP 1230 17540 270 16.94 WDL84-3g CL-4254144 AP 1230 18180 640 17.58 WDL84-4g CL-4254143 AP 1230 18410 300 17.81 Dense tufa coatings CD84-7 CL-4240179 SM 1303 13130 150 3.66 12.53 PL112 I-10026 PC 1303 13360 200 3.70 12.76 PL111 I-10025 MB 1277 13570 200 3.71 12.97 BR84-8 CL-4240157 TS 1270 14560 180 3.50 13.96 BR84-5 CL-4240154 TS 1238 15970 160 2.96 15.37 PL18 I-9328 TH 1267 16980 250 3.30 16.38 BR84-7 CL-4240156 TS 1254 17360 260 2.67 16.76 PL89-23 W-6333 TH 1255 17650 150 2.30 17.05 PL110 I-10019 MB 1256 17770 270 3.12 17.17 PL15 I-9331 TH 1231 17780 270 3.51 17.18 PL89-22 W-6332 TH 1263 18090 180 2.12 17.49 BR84-6 CL-4240155 TS 1245 18490 440 2.96 17.89 PL17 I-9329 TH 1260 19040 320 2.89 18.44 PL109 I-9991 MB 1242 19550 340 3.33 18.95 PL23 I-9342 TH 1258 19980 360 3.57 19.38 PL44d I-9549 TH 1258 19980 360 2.86 19.38 BR84-4 CL-4240153 TS 1231 19990 360 3.41 19.39 PL108 I-10018 MB 1235 20460 380 3.17 19.86 PL44b I-9546 TH 1258 20650 390 3.08 20.05 PL16 I-9330 TH 1238 21830 450 3.39 21.23 PLPC92-1 CAMS-5930 PC 1325 12490 80 3.46 11.89 PLPC92-3o CAMS-5931 PC 1329 12550 80 3.46 11.95 PLPC92-3i CAMS-5932 PC 1329 12840 70 3.39 12.24 PL103 I-10002 PC 1321 13010 190 3.45 12.41 PL102 I-10001 PC 1312 13040 190 3.38 12.44 PL21 I-9326 TH 1325 13090 190 3.69 12.49 PL113 I-10028 PC 1326 13090 190 3.52 12.49 AV84-2 CL-4240160 AP 1324 13160 150 3.51 12.56 PL104 I-10003 PC 1321 13320 200 3.50 12.72 BR85-2 USGS-2168 TS 1332 13350 60 2.71 12.75 PL105 I-10004 PC 1324 13520 200 3.40 12.92 PL101 I-10000 PC 1312 13600 200 3.60 13.00 WL101 I-9988 1330 13810 210 13.21 PL41 I-9344 PC 1311 13890 210 3.00 13.29 PL20 I-9325 TH 1311 14030 210 3.80 13.43 PL100 I-9992 PC 1312 14290 220 3.60 13.69 BR85-1 USGS-2169 TS 1308 14330 60 3.72 13.73 Young dense laminated tufa PL90-1a LDGO-1748a BT 1163 9020 60 0.84 8.42 PLBT93-1a CAMS-5905 BT 1159 9660 70 0.49 9.06 PLBT93-1f1 CAMS-5907 BT 1159 9770 80 0.86 9.17 WDL89-5a CAMS-4430 WD 1205 9860 80 1.65 9.26 PL90-1b LDGO-1748b BT 1163 9930 80 0.84 9.33 PL90-2a LDGO-1748c BT 1161 9960 80 0.81 9.36 PLBT93-1f2 CAMS-5908 BT 1159 9970 70 0.56 9.37 WDL89-5b CAMS-4431 WD 1205 9990 80 0.44 9.39 PLBT93-1b CAMS-5906 BT 1159 10170 70 0.64 9.57 PL90-2b LDGO-1748d BT 1161 10180 80 0.81 9.58 PL87-1 LDGO-1705a PI 1164 10300 120 9.70 WDL89-5c CAMS-4432 WD 1205 10540 80 1.26 9.94 PLPI93-5a CAMS-5909 PI 1162 10560 70 1.10 9.96 PLBT93-1c CAMS-5772 BT 1159 10610 70 1.39 10.01 PLPI93-5b CAMS-5910 PI 1162 10670 70 1.92 10.07 PLPI93-5d CAMS-5912 PI 1162 10920 100 0.63 10.32 PLPI93-5c CAMS-5911 PI 1162 10960 80 2.03 10.36 Tufas embedded in lake sediment PLLB91-2 W-6336 SS 1262 12800 140 3.67 12.20 PLLB91-3 CAMS-5915 SS 1262 12900 80 3.51 12.30 PLLB91-3 W-6335 SS 1262 12960 150 3.51 12.36 PL87-2b LDGO-1705b WA 1230 13330 160 3.89 12.73 PL87-2a LDGO-1705a WA 1230 13380 150 2.59 12.78 PL87-2a CAMS-5764 WA 1230 13870 90 2.59 13.27 PL45 I-9534 WY 1262 14250 220 3.72 13.65 Sucrosic tufa (dolomite) PLBT93-1d CAMS-5773 BT 1159 11580 80 3.51 10.98 PLBT92-d1b CAMS-4424 BT 1160 12030 110 3.19 11.43 PLBT92-d2a CAMS-6242 BT 1160 12040 80 11.44 PLBT92-d2b CAMS-4422 BT 1160 12260 90 11.66 PLBT92-d1a CAMS-4423 BT 1160 12270 120 11.67 PLBT92-d2a CAMS-4421 BT 1160 12370 110 11.77 Encrusting tufa BT91-9 CAMS-5725 BT 1175 2100 60 5.11 1.50 BT91-7 CAMS-5727 BT 1168.1 2620 60 5.16 2.02 BT91-8 CAMS-5726 BT 1171.2 2830 60 5.32 2.23 BT91-6 CAMS-5728 BT 1167.9 3450 60 5.68 2.85 BT91-4 CAMS-5729 BT 1166 5080 60 4.85 4.48 Beachrock PL40 I-9347 PR 1170 1350 70 3.98 0.75 PLND92-1 CAMS-6014 ND 1177 1890 60 1.29 PL107 I-10016 IR 1182 2110 100 4.36 1.51 PL89-2 LDGO-1743b IR 1179 2500 30 3.48 1.90 PL89-1 LDGO-1743a IR 1177 2510 30 4.12 1.91 PL89-3 LDGO-1743c IR 1182 2640 30 3.37 2.04 PL106 I-10016 IR 1179 3590 90 4.22 2.99 Tufas associated with existing springs PLND92-3 CAMS-5929 ND 1171 820 80 4.76 0.22 PLPYR92-1 CAMS-5928 PI 1160 1950 80 -0.19 1.35 3. TUFA 87Sr AND 86Sr VALUES: Lab Sample Locality Elevation 14C age 14C+/- 87Sr del87Sr Sr Ba number number (m) ratio (0/00) (ppm) ppm Tufa lining cave CAMS-5766 PL89-20b1 MB 1204 40960 2270 0.70551 -5.203045685 2800 "U-series date of the above tufa exceeds 170,000 yr" Tubular tufa W-6321 PL90-103 DH 1218.2 18060 180 0.70769 -2.129159616 2670 1380 W-6390 PL91-502 DH 1217.5 20680 220 0.70779 -1.988155668 2800 2116 W-6389 PL91-501 DH 1216.4 21190 320 0.70786 -1.889452905 2990 2286 W-6325 PL90-102 DH 1216.9 21910 290 0.70782 -1.945854484 2940 2190 CAMS-5723 PL90-114 NR 1183 29720 590 0.70778 -2.002256063 4130 2120 CAMS-6231 PL90-116 NR 1190 32410 560 0.70782 -1.945854484 3820 2190 CAMS-6239 PLPP92-9 PP 1162 31580 530 0.7078 -1.974055274 4110 2530 CAMS-3866 PLPR92-2j PR 1162 41380 1500 0.70778 -2.002256063 4120 2201 Old branching tufa CAMS-5924 PLPP92-7 PP 1162 20360 130 0.7078 -1.974055274 2950 2380 CAMS-5914 PLPP92-6t PP 1162 26250 630 0.70787 -1.87535251 3730 2118 Young thinolite tufa CAMS-5719 PL90-109a BT 1160 20150 160 0.70728 -2.707275804 1950 807 CAMS-6017 PLPP92-2 PP 1162 20770 170 0.7077 -2.115059222 2290 2910 Young thinolite - young branching tufa transition CAMS-5720 PL90-109d BT 1160 17580 170 0.70759 -2.270163565 2130 822 "Young branching tufa (includes stony, nodular, mammillary and conal tufas" found in pillow- and reef-form tufa) W-6429 PL91-601b MB 1251 12560 130 0.7075 -2.397067118 2850 967 W-6391 PL91-503 DH 1217.4 13240 220 0.70742 -2.509870276 2480 992 CAMS-5774 PLBT93-1e1 BT 1159 12770 90 0.70745 -2.467569092 W-6393 PL91-504 DH 1216.8 12980 150 0.70737 -2.58037225 2420 925 CAMS-6235 PL90-108 MB 1251 13460 100 0.70749 -2.411167513 2730 719 CAMS-5775 PLBT93-1e2 BT 1159 13460 90 0.70735 -2.60857304 W-6428 PL91-601a MB 1251 13810 140 0.70747 -2.439368302 2840 967 W-6431 PL91-603 MB 1251 14180 150 0.70745 -2.467569092 3750 1042 W-6330 PL90-107 DH 1220.7 15770 190 0.70745 -2.467569092 4420 1474 W-6323 PL90-106 DH 1217.5 16140 100 0.70755 -2.326565144 4070 1330 W-6433 PL91-605 MB 1251 16600 220 0.70754 -2.340665539 3880 1284 W-6394 PL91-505 DH 1218.7 16700 210 0.70753 -2.354765933 3630 1361 W-6324 PL90-101 DH 1216.3 17850 130 0.7076 -2.25606317 3310 1130 Miscellaneous dense tufa coatings from between 1207 and 1308 m CL-4240179 CD84-7 SM 1303 13130 150 0.70741 -2.523970671 2570 2288 CL-4240156 BR84-7 TS 1254 17360 260 0.70793 -1.790750141 1419 822 W-6332 PL89-22 TH 1263 18090 180 0.70786 -1.889452905 2170 958 I-9546 PL44b TH 1258 20650 390 0.70796 -1.748448957 2670 847 Dense tufa coatings from above 1308 m CAMS-5930 PLPC92-1 PC 1325 12490 80 0.70737 -2.58037225 2290 650 CAMS-5932 PLPC92-3i PC 1329 12840 70 0.7074 -2.538071066 2230 680 CL-4240160 AV84-2 AP 1324 13160 150 0.70727 -2.721376199 2100 655 I-9988 WL101 PE 1330 13810 210 0.70723 -2.777777778 2420 776 I-9325 PL20 TH 1311 14030 210 0.70737 -2.58037225 2680 755 USGS-2169 BR85-1 TS 1308 14330 60 0.70739 -2.552171461 2780 753 Sucrosic tufa (dolomite) CAMS-5773 PLBT93-1d BT 1159 11580 80 0.70717 -2.862380147 2220 592 CAMS-4421 PLBT92-d2a BT 1160 12370 110 0.70705 -3.031584884 1740 522 Young dense laminated tufa CAMS-5905 PLBT93-1a BT 1159 9660 70 0.70611 -4.357021997 LDGO-1748b PL90-1b BT 1163 9930 80 0.70597 -4.554427524 2090 820 CAMS-5772 PLBT93-1c BT 1159 10610 70 0.70637 -3.990411732 Encrusting tufa CAMS-5725 BT91-9 BT 1175 2100 60 0.70545 -5.287648054 7070 1335 CAMS-5727 BT91-7 BT 1168.1 2620 60 0.70548 -5.24534687 7370 1240 CAMS-5728 BT91-6 BT 1167.9 3450 60 0.70556 -5.132543711 8280 1389 CAMS-5729 BT91-4 BT 1166 5080 60 0.70581 -4.780033841 8220 1541 Tufas associated with existing springs CAMS-5929 PLND92-3 ND 1171 820 80 0.70506 -5.837563452 6510 576