Dune Lake, Alaska 12,000 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Dune Lake, Alaska 12,000 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data LAST UPDATE: 6/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Finney, B.P., N.H. Bigelow, V.A. Barber, and M.E. Edwards IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-091 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Finney, B.P., et al. 2012. Dune Lake, Alaska 12,000 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-091. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Finney, B.P., N.H. Bigelow, V.A. Barber, and M.E. Edwards. 2012. Holocene climate change and carbon cycling in a groundwater-fed, boreal forest lake: Dune Lake, Alaska. Journal of Paleolimnology, Vol. 48, No. 1, June 2012, pp. 43-54. DOI: 10.1007/s10933-012-9617-2 ABSTRACT: Opal, organic C and N contents, and organic d13C and d15N stable isotopes were analyzed on a sedimentary sequence spanning the past ~12,000 years from Dune Lake, a shallow groundwater-fed lake in the boreal forest region of central interior Alaska. The chronology, based on 210Pb and 15 AMS radiocarbon dates on terrestrial materials, indicates that 5 m of biogenic sediment accumulated following dune stabilization at ~10,000 cal yr BP. Previous studies on lake level and pollen were synthesized with these data to assess Holocene changes in hydrogeology and climate. Variability in groundwater level and flux has a strong control on lake level and are negatively correlated with the d13C of organic matter produced within the lake. This relationship results from the input of groundwater with high pCO2 and with dissolved inorganic carbon depleted in 13C, which subsequently affects lake phytoplankton d13C signatures. A rapid rise in lake level between ca. 11,000 and 9,500 cal yr BP coincided with stabilization of the dune field adjacent to the lake and expansion of vegetation around the lake, including white spruce. Organic d13C values are relatively low and constant between about 10,000 and 6,000 cal yr BP, and then steadily increase until about 2,000 cal yr BP, suggesting a pattern of high followed by dropping lake levels generally consistent with results from core-transect studies. Higher-frequency fluctuations of 2–3 ‰ in d13C are common, and suggest variability in aspects of the lake-carbon cycle over multi-decadal timescales. Recent trends in groundwater and lake level, river discharge, and precipitation suggest an important role for wintertime precipitation in the regional groundwater system. The unusual hydrology of this system relative to most other lakes studied for paleoclimate in this region provides a novel insight into different seasonal aspects of Alaskan paleoclimatology. The record is consistent with a general long-term decrease in wintertime precipitation, possibly accompanied by an increase in permafrost extent, over the Holocene. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Northwestern North America PERIOD OF RECORD: 12,000 YrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/dune2012.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/dune2012.xls DESCRIPTION: Multiproxy sediment data from Dune Lake, Alaska, for the past 12,000 years. Dune Lake is a shallow, closed basin, groundwater-fed lake located in the boreal forest of central Alaska. Paleoenvironmental proxies measured include Opal, organic C and N contents, and organic d13C and d15N stable isotopes. Dune Lake core details Core name Coring type Date taken Length(cm) Lat.N Long.W Notes A Livingstone April 1993 619 64.42 149.90 through ice Glew Glew 1994 38 64.42 149.90 good sediment water interface F Livingstone in polycarbonate tube 1996 180 64.42 149.90 good sediment water interface "2005" Piston in polycarbonate tube 2005 30 64.42 149.90 good sediment water interface Dune Lake, Alaska: 64.42°N, 149.90°W, 134m elevation, 12ha, ~9m water depth. DATA: 1a. Dune Lake radiocarbon data Core DepthInt2Surface DepthMid Depth2Intface MaterialDated 14CageBP ± Lab ID Notes F 931-934 (F 51-54) 932.5 52.5 Picea pollen 820 50 CAMS-56316 F 956-957 (F 76-77) 956.5 76.5 Picea pollen 1210 50 CAMS-56368 F 957-960 (F 77-80) 957.5 77.5 Picea pollen 940 60 CAMS-56363 A 987-993 990 110 Picea pollen 1840 60 CAMS-29561 A 1078-1080 1079 199 >500 µ aquatics 3650 60 CAMS-20680 not used - reservoir effected A 1088-1091 1089 209 Picea pollen 2880 60 CAMS-29562 A 1136-1137 1136.5 256.5 >500µ aquatics 2970 60 CAMS-20681 not used - reservoir effected A 1176-1178 1177 297 Picea pollen 4050 40 CAMS-56309 A 1267-1269 1268 388 Picea pollen 5150 50 CAMS-56310 A 1267-1269 1268 388 Picea needle frag4810 90 CAMS-56311 A 1293-1295.5 1294.25 414.25 Picea pollen 5740 50 CAMS-56312 A 1293-1295.5 1294.25 414.25 3 Betula seeds 5520 120 CAMS-56313 A 1323-1325 1324 444 Picea pollen 6670 50 CAMS-56314 A 1323-1325 1324 444 3 Betula seeds 6410 200 CAMS-56315 A 1336-1339 1337.5 457.5 Picea pollen 7420 60 CAMS-29559 A 1362.5-1368.5 1365.5 485.5 Picea pollen 8670 60 CAMS-22020 A 1427-1429 1428 548 bark 9780 90 CAMS-31082 A 1314 1314 434 oshetna tephra 6000 Mean radiocarbon years (Child et al.(1998) NOTE: All above dates, calibrations and age model development published in Lynch et al. (2002) 1b. CALIB 6.0 output (2011) Sample code 14C_age error +/- delta_13C cal_curve 1/2 sigm# ranges cal_BP_ranges (upper) rel._pr (lower)(upper) rel._pr (lower)(upper) rel._pr (lower)(upper) rel._pr (lower)(upper) rel._pr med._prmed F 51 (931) 820 50 0 intcal09.14c 1 1 687 771 1 737 729 2 3 669 800 0.914 812 827 0.02 865 902 0.066 737 786 F 76 (956) 1210 50 0 intcal09.14c 1 2 1064 1180 0.898 1210 1227 0.102 1138 1146 2 2 999 1032 0.052 1051 1271 0.948 1138 1135 F 77 (957) 940 60 0 intcal09.14c 1 2 795 888 0.763 891 919 0.237 849 857 2 1 734 955 1 849 845 A 987 1840 60 0 intcal09.14c 1 2 1709 1829 0.899 1845 1863 0.101 1775 1786 2 2 1614 1898 0.997 1914 1918 0.003 1775 1766 A 1088 2880 60 0 intcal09.14c 1 4 2892 2904 0.046 2924 3079 0.877 3094 3105 0.046 3129 3138 0.031 3018 3015 2 2 2858 3172 0.958 3175 3209 0.042 3018 3034 A 1176 4050 40 0 intcal09.14c 1 3 4440 4486 0.394 4499 4575 0.578 4772 4778 0.029 4529 4609 2 4 4421 4628 0.905 4636 4643 0.006 4679 4691 0.011 4762 4798 0.078 4529 4610 A 1267 5150 50 0 intcal09.14c 1 3 5765 5806 0.261 5889 5945 0.61 5968 5987 0.129 5908 5876 2 2 5748 5831 0.298 5843 5995 0.702 5908 5872 A 1267 m 4810 90 0 intcal09.14c 1 4 5333 5347 0.049 5354 5357 0.01 5368 5371 0.01 5465 5644 0.931 5528 5489 2 2 5320 5423 0.19 5435 5721 0.81 5528 5521 A 1293 5740 50 0 intcal09.14c 1 2 6482 6569 0.691 6584 6631 0.309 6540 6557 2 2 6413 6426 0.019 6436 6656 0.981 6540 6535 A 1293 m 5520 120 0 intcal09.14c 1 1 6190 6443 1 6316 6317 2 2 5996 6563 0.999 6594 6596 0.001 6316 6296 A 1323 6670 50 0 intcal09.14c 1 1 7503 7584 1 7539 7544 2 2 7439 7452 0.017 7457 7616 0.983 7539 7528 A 1323 m 6410 200 0 intcal09.14c 1 5 7029 7042 0.021 7069 7077 0.013 7086 7095 0.013 7156 7513 0.919 7539 7560 0.035 7299 7295 2 2 6806 6812 0.002 6856 7663 0.998 7299 7235 A 1323 p 6670 50 0 intcal09.14c 1 1 7503 7584 1 7539 7544 2 2 7439 7452 0.017 7457 7616 0.983 7539 7528 A 1336 7420 60 0 intcal09.14c 1 1 8187 8316 1 8255 8252 2 3 8053 8091 0.036 8109 8117 0.006 8156 8378 0.959 8255 8216 A 1362.5 8670 60 0 intcal09.14c 1 1 9547 9679 1 9633 9613 2 4 9531 9796 0.967 9804 9817 0.009 9847 9866 0.015 9875 9886 0.009 9633 9709 A 1427 9780 90 0 intcal09.14c 1 1 11095 11309 1 11195 11202 2 3 10780 11037 0.175 11056 11404 0.821 11575 11591 0.004 11195 11186 A 1314 och 6000 50 0 intcal09.14c 1 2 6754 6763 0.05 6778 6899 0.95 6841 6827 2 2 6697 6700 0.002 6720 6973 0.998 6841 6835 2. Finney et al. 2012 Dune Glew core GL2 Cum. Dry Mass in g/cm2 Mass Accumulation in g/cm2/yr Dune Glew ID Depthcm Yea AD YrCalBP DryMasscm2 %water CumDrymass MassAcc DBD Opal(%) N(%) dN-15 C(%) dC-13 C%/N% OpalMAR C-MAR OM-MAR DUNE-GL2-0-1 0.5 1994.0 -44.0 0.025 97.69 0.025 0.018 17.0 3.40 2.72 28.92 -29.20 8.50 3.11 5.29 11.23 DUNE-GL2-1-2 1.5 1992.4 -42.4 0.036 90.41 0.060 0.020 0.11 3.37 2.64 29.49 -28.63 8.94 5.85 12.42 DUNE-GL2-2-3 2.5 1990.5 -40.5 0.046 95.66 0.107 0.021 11.0 3.50 2.58 31.83 -27.82 9.11 2.35 6.81 14.46 DUNE-GL2-3-4 3.5 1988.2 -38.2 0.053 95.26 0.160 0.022 3.56 2.81 32.05 -27.47 9.01 7.16 15.20 DUNE-GL2-4-6 5.0 1984.4 -34.4 0.060 94.33 0.280 0.023 3.50 2.65 31.94 -27.78 9.13 7.44 15.79 DUNE-GL2-6-7 6.5 1980.7 -30.7 0.054 94.65 0.334 0.023 0.06 12.0 3.50 2.68 32.09 -27.58 9.16 2.72 7.28 15.46 DUNE-GL2-7-8 7.5 1978.4 -28.4 0.047 95.86 0.381 0.022 3.46 2.68 31.55 -27.54 9.12 6.97 14.80 DUNE-GL2-8-9 8.5 1975.8 -25.8 0.055 94.90 0.436 0.018 13.0 3.43 2.72 32.32 -27.82 9.43 2.37 5.88 12.48 DUNE-GL2-9-10 9.5 1968.0 -18.0 0.179 83.50 0.615 0.014 3.38 2.77 31.51 -27.54 9.32 4.44 9.43 DUNE-GL2-10-11 10.5 1959.4 -9.4 0.054 94.98 0.670 0.013 0.05 13.0 3.39 2.88 31.49 -27.29 9.30 1.63 3.94 8.35 DUNE-GL2-11-12 11.5 1954.5 -4.5 0.074 93.20 0.744 0.013 3.30 2.85 30.79 -27.42 9.33 4.06 8.63 DUNE-GL2-12-13 12.5 1948.7 1.3 0.071 93.72 0.815 0.012 14.0 3.26 2.85 30.47 -27.58 9.47 1.67 3.63 7.70 DUNE-GL2-13-14 13.5 1942.4 7.6 0.069 93.92 0.883 0.011 3.19 2.85 30.45 -27.45 9.54 3.23 6.85 DUNE-GL2-14-15 14.8 1933.1 16.9 0.080 91.08 1.003 0.010 0.10 18.0 3.01 2.95 29.46 -27.60 9.64 1.76 2.89 6.13 DUNE-GL2-15-17 16.3 1919.5 30.5 0.090 91.79 1.138 0.009 2.93 2.95 28.68 -27.98 9.77 2.58 5.48 DUNE-GL2-17-18 17.5 1906.5 43.5 0.093 84.89 1.231 0.009 19.0 2.92 3.21 27.94 -27.85 9.55 1.62 2.37 5.04 DUNE-GL2-18-19 18.5 1895.0 55.0 0.096 91.40 1.328 0.008 2.79 3.19 26.59 -28.13 9.54 2.13 4.51 DUNE-GL2-19-20 19.5 1884.0 66.0 0.105 93.57 1.433 0.011 0.07 19.0 2.77 3.18 26.67 -27.69 9.64 2.02 2.84 6.03 DUNE-GL2-20-21 20.5 1874.8 75.2 0.114 89.37 1.547 0.013 2.77 3.16 26.54 -26.93 9.59 3.53 7.49 DUNE-GL2-21-22 21.5 1866.0 84.0 0.098 89.83 1.646 0.011 0.11 19.0 2.83 3.28 26.86 -26.62 9.49 2.06 2.91 6.19 DUNE-GL2-22-23 22.5 1856.5 93.5 0.082 92.79 1.728 0.008 2.81 3.31 26.30 -26.00 9.35 2.21 4.69 DUNE-GL2-23-24 23.5 1846.4 103.6 0.093 93.14 1.821 0.009 20.0 2.80 3.27 25.95 -25.93 9.26 1.79 2.32 4.93 DUNE-GL2-24-25 24.5 1835.8 114.2 0.104 91.06 1.925 0.010 2.76 3.27 25.46 -25.77 9.21 2.42 5.13 DUNE-GL2-25-26 25.5 1822.9 127.1 0.136 86.61 2.060 0.009 0.15 20.0 2.79 3.13 25.84 -25.29 9.26 1.83 2.36 5.02 DUNE-GL2-26-27 26.5 1806.0 144.0 0.167 86.77 2.227 0.009 2.81 2.99 25.90 -25.43 9.21 2.28 4.84 DUNE-GL2-27-28 27.5 1791.7 158.3 0.092 91.61 2.319 0.010 21.0 2.71 2.99 25.39 -25.52 9.37 2.00 2.41 5.12 DUNE-GL2-28-29 28.5 1775.1 174.9 0.223 79.97 2.542 0.010 2.67 2.98 25.24 -26.02 9.45 2.40 5.09 DUNE GL2 29-30 29.5 1749.9 200.1 0.256 78.02 2.798 0.010 21.0 2.47 2.99 23.40 -26.40 9.48 2.00 2.22 4.72 DUNE GL2 30-31 30.5 1724.8 225.2 0.222 80.24 3.020 0.010 0.22 2.61 2.96 25.22 -26.84 9.65 2.40 5.09 DUNE GL2 31-32 31.5 1709.4 240.6 0.070 93.30 3.090 0.010 21.0 2.67 3.01 25.71 -26.54 9.62 2.00 2.44 5.18 DUNE GL2 32-33 32.5 1700.4 249.6 0.100 90.52 3.190 0.010 2.52 3.05 24.18 -26.20 9.62 2.30 4.88 DUNE GL2 33-34 33.5 1683.8 266.2 0.216 80.68 3.407 0.010 22.0 2.52 3.08 24.00 -26.14 9.54 2.09 2.28 4.84 DUNE GL2 34-35 34.5 1666.8 283.2 0.105 90.37 3.512 0.010 2.48 3.08 23.69 -25.93 9.55 2.25 4.78 DUNE GL2 35-36 35.5 1652.6 297.4 0.165 84.94 3.677 0.010 0.16 24.0 2.53 2.96 24.27 -26.31 9.58 2.28 2.31 4.89 DUNE GL2 36-37 36.5 1635.1 314.9 0.169 87.23 3.845 0.010 2.45 2.93 24.06 -26.86 9.83 2.29 4.85 DUNE GL2 37-38 37.5 1616.9 333.1 0.178 83.38 4.023 0.010 22.0 2.52 3.15 24.91 -27.33 9.89 2.09 2.37 5.02 3. Finney et al. 2012 core GL2 Pb210 Top of Base of Cum. Unsup. Error of Cum. Act. Age: Base Error of Date Sediment Error of Interval Interval Dry Mass Activity Unsup.Act. below Int. of Int. Age A.D. Accum. Sed. Accum. Core (cm) (cm) (g/cm2) (pCi/g) (±s.d.) (pCi/cm2) (yr) (±s.d.) (g/cm2 yr) (±s.d.) Dune GL2 Dune GL2 0 1 0.0248 14.9656 0.6796 8.5878 1.36 1.11 1993.3 0.0183 0.00093 Dune GL2 2 3 0.1067 11.4346 0.6053 7.5932 5.31 1.15 1989.3 0.0214 0.00123 Dune GL2 4 6 0.2804 8.6923 0.4023 6.0009 12.87 1.23 1981.7 0.0233 0.00119 Dune GL2 7 8 0.3812 7.5920 0.4122 5.2133 17.39 1.32 1977.2 0.0221 0.00136 Dune GL2 8 9 0.4359 8.5116 0.2678 4.7477 20.39 1.41 1974.2 0.0182 0.00084 Dune GL2 9 10 0.6153 8.6493 0.3973 3.1960 33.10 1.77 1961.5 0.0141 0.00079 Dune GL2 10 11 0.6697 7.4707 0.2192 2.7896 37.47 1.98 1957.1 0.0125 0.00075 Dune GL2 11 12 0.7436 6.0329 0.2931 2.3438 43.06 2.28 1951.6 0.0132 0.00100 Dune GL2 13 14 0.8835 5.1592 0.2499 1.5923 55.47 3.17 1939.1 0.0106 0.00103 Dune GL2 15.5 17 1.1384 3.0472 0.1419 0.6930 82.19 4.00 1912.4 0.0090 0.00094 Dune GL2 18 19 1.3278 1.5985 0.0684 0.3390 105.15 5.83 1889.5 0.0080 0.00123 Dune GL2 20 21 1.5475 0.4928 0.0506 0.1835 124.86 4.39 1869.8 0.0133 0.00197 Dune GL2 22 23 1.7283 0.4385 0.0537 0.1016 143.85 7.56 1850.8 0.0084 0.00192 Dune GL2 24 25 1.9249 0.2014 0.0556 0.0518 165.48 12.34 1829.1 0.0095 0.00380 Dune GL2 26 27 2.2277 0.0875 0.0548 0.0180 199.42 26.30 1795.2 0.0088 0.00686 Supported Pb-210: 0.4761 ± 0.0256 pCi/g Cum. Unsup. Pb-210: 8.9589 pCi/cm2 Number of Supported Samples: 4 Unsup. Pb-210 Flux: 0.2864 pCi/cm2 yr 4. Finney et al. 2012 Dune Lake core A Depths to Lake Surface and depth to Sediment interface in cm Core DepthSurf DepthInt CalYrBP %Water %LOI500 DBD %Si-opal %OPAL OM-MAR OpalMAR DepthSurf DepthInt MS(SI) A 902 22 216 88.69 53.47 0.12 9.4 22.5 4.314 1.82 903 23 1 A 911 31 340 87.00 53.00 0.14 10.1 24.2 4.584 2.10 905 25 1 A 921 41 487 89.27 47.17 0.11 10.3 24.7 3.270 1.71 907 27 0 A 930 50 627 88.92 43.93 0.12 12.9 30.9 2.733 1.92 909 29 1 A 940 60 787 88.15 47.12 0.12 11.2 26.9 2.947 1.68 911 31 1 A 950 70 953 88.71 45.90 0.12 11.8 28.4 2.711 1.68 913 33 1 A 960 80 1121 88.57 46.68 0.12 11.7 28.1 2.697 1.63 915 35 0 A 970 90 1291 87.39 42.20 0.13 17.8 42.8 2.544 2.58 917 37 1 A 980 100 1460 88.23 45.46 0.12 12.0 28.9 2.530 1.61 919 39 1 A 990 110 1629 87.92 47.75 0.13 11.1 26.6 2.919 1.63 921 41 0 A 1002 122 1829 86.84 46.27 0.14 11.5 27.5 3.471 2.06 923 43 1 A 1012 132 1992 88.57 44.65 0.12 11.4 27.4 3.352 2.05 925 45 1 A 1022 142 2151 87.49 36.76 0.13 16.9 40.5 3.490 3.84 927 47 1 A 1032 152 2305 88.78 37.03 0.12 15.7 37.8 3.479 3.55 929 49 0 A 1042 162 2455 87.32 45.51 0.13 8.3 19.9 5.153 2.26 931 51 1 A 1052 172 2599 86.88 34.61 0.14 14.0 33.6 4.120 4.00 933 53 1 A 1062 182 2738 85.66 36.89 0.15 14.8 35.6 4.665 4.51 935 55 1 A 1072 192 2872 86.25 36.99 0.15 14.4 34.6 4.261 3.99 937 57 1 A 1082 202 3000 87.05 43.79 0.14 11.4 27.3 4.528 2.83 939 59 1 A 1092 212 3124 82.79 30.77 0.19 18.8 45.0 4.171 6.11 941 61 0 A 1102 222 3242 82.08 31.76 0.19 15.1 36.3 4.474 5.11 943 63 1 A 1112 232 3357 79.67 24.40 0.22 21.2 51.0 4.033 8.42 945 65 1 A 1122 242 3468 80.29 31.22 0.21 18.4 44.2 5.048 7.15 947 67 0 A 1132 252 3577 80.00 24.30 0.22 21.2 50.8 3.974 8.31 949 69 0 A 1142 262 3685 83.23 24.19 0.18 20.4 48.9 3.194 6.45 951 71 0 A 1152 272 3791 81.24 30.80 0.20 19.7 47.2 4.443 6.81 953 73 1 A 1162 282 3899 77.66 23.45 0.25 23.2 55.7 4.024 9.56 955 75 1 A 1172 292 4009 78.29 26.24 0.24 22.4 53.8 5.477 11.23 957 77 1 A 1182 302 4123 80.74 24.03 0.21 24.2 58.1 4.404 10.64 959 79 1 A 1192 312 4242 79.89 24.18 0.22 23.4 56.2 4.627 10.75 961 81 1 A 1202 322 4369 77.16 25.92 0.25 21.6 51.7 5.718 11.41 963 83 0 A 1212 332 4504 80.84 23.89 0.21 25.9 62.1 4.187 10.89 965 85 1 A 1222 342 4652 78.77 24.51 0.23 24.5 58.8 4.639 11.12 967 87 1 A 1232 352 4813 77.59 23.66 0.25 24.4 58.5 4.577 11.32 969 89 1 A 1242 362 4990 74.44 22.52 0.29 19.9 47.7 4.528 9.59 971 91 0 A 1252 372 5186 79.68 25.64 0.22 20.2 48.6 3.130 5.93 973 93 1 A 1262 382 5403 76.79 30.09 0.26 14.5 34.7 3.405 3.93 975 95 1 A 1272 392 5644 75.85 23.74 0.27 25.3 60.6 2.254 5.76 977 97 0 A 1282 402 5912 74.51 21.94 0.29 27.1 65.0 1.830 5.42 979 99 1 A 1292 412 6211 74.72 25.62 0.28 24.8 59.5 1.895 4.40 981 101 0 A 1302 422 6543 76.63 29.33 0.26 20.9 50.1 1.836 3.13 983 103 1 A 1312 432 6912 74.20 27.96 0.29 17.4 41.7 1.871 2.79 985 105 1 A 1322 442 7321 74.57 29.85 0.29 17.6 42.2 2.030 2.87 987 107 1 A 1332 452 7775 74.48 29.22 0.29 14.9 35.7 2.130 2.60 989 109 1 A 1342 462 8277 78.91 28.99 0.23 9.7 23.2 1.736 1.39 991 111 1 A 1352 472 8830 74.22 27.74 0.29 9.7 23.3 2.095 1.76 993 113 2 A 1362 482 9440 73.74 29.69 0.30 8.1 19.5 2.297 1.51 995 115 1 A 1372 492 9808 71.36 27.14 0.33 5.4 13.1 997 117 1 A 1382 502 10057 25.59 2.19 1.31 0.6 1.5 999 119 1 A 1392 512 10306 21.81 1.43 1.47 1001 121 1 A 1402 522 10555 19.25 1.10 1.59 1003 123 2 A 1412 532 10804 39.78 5.27 0.89 1.3 3.1 1005 125 1 A 1422 542 11053 30.85 2.84 1.13 1007 127 1 A 1432 552 11301 20.88 1.67 1.51 1009 129 1 A 1442 562 21.87 1.44 1.47 0.6 1.4 1011 131 1 A 1450 570 21.47 1.55 1.48 1013 133 1 A 1454 574 17.41 1.29 1.69 1015 135 2 A 1464 584 20.74 1.85 1.52 0.5 1.2 1017 137 2 A 1474 594 19.79 1.29 1.56 1019 139 2 A 1484 604 19.52 1.28 1.57 0.5 1.1 1021 141 2 A 1494 614 17.94 0.80 1.66 1023 143 2 A 1504 624 16.73 0.70 1.72 1025 145 2 A 1517 637 16.40 0.77 1.74 0.3 0.7 1027 147 2 A 1640 760 49.26 10.60 0.68 1029 149 2 A 1650 770 34.95 4.73 1.01 1031 151 2 A 1660 780 50.76 10.91 0.66 1033 153 2 A 1670 790 43.02 7.67 0.81 1035 155 0 A 1680 800 37.81 5.63 0.94 1037 157 2 A 1694 814 37.22 5.67 0.95 1039 159 3 A 1704 824 37.67 5.51 0.94 1041 161 2 A 1714 834 24.61 2.98 1.35 1043 163 2 A 1720 840 32.23 4.65 1.09 1045 165 1 A 1724 844 23.87 2.47 1.38 1047 167 2 A 1730 850 25.63 2.62 1.31 1049 169 1 A 1735 855 23.39 2.32 1.40 1051 171 2 A 1742 862 29.65 3.54 1.17 1053 173 3 A 1752 872 29.35 4.39 1.18 1055 175 3 A 1762 882 27.89 3.81 1.23 1057 177 4 A 1768 888 24.43 3.31 1.36 1059 179 4 A 1778 898 24.82 3.04 1.34 1061 181 3 A 1788 908 26.48 3.35 1.28 1063 183 2 A 1796 916 25.01 2.93 1.34 1065 185 3 A 1802 922 25.17 2.50 1.33 1067 187 2 A 1808 928 28.26 3.10 1.22 1069 189 2 A 1071 191 2 A 1073 193 2 A 1075 195 2 A 1077 197 2 A 1079 199 3 A 1081 201 2 A 1083 203 2 A 1085 205 3 A 1087 207 2 A 1089 209 2 A 1091 211 2 A 1093 213 3 A 1095 215 3 A 1097 217 2 A 1099 219 2 A 1102 222 2 A 1104 224 3 A 1106 226 3 A 1108 228 3 A 1110 230 3 A 1112 232 3 A 1114 234 3 A 1116 236 -1 A 1118 238 3 A 1120 240 3 A 1122 242 3 A 1124 244 3 A 1126 246 2 A 1128 248 2 A 1130 250 3 A 1132 252 3 A 1134 254 3 A 1136 256 3 A 1138 258 3 A 1140 260 2 A 1142 262 3 A 1144 264 2 A 1146 266 2 A 1148 268 2 A 1150 270 3 A 1152 272 3 A 1154 274 2 A 1156 276 2 A 1158 278 3 A 1160 280 3 A 1162 282 3 A 1164 284 3 A 1166 286 3 A 1168 288 3 A 1170 290 3 A 1172 292 3 A 1174 294 -1 A 1176 296 3 A 1178 298 3 A 1180 300 2 A 1182 302 1 A 1184 304 2 A 1186 306 1 A 1188 308 2 A 1190 310 3 A 1192 312 3 A 1194 314 3 A 1196 316 3 A 1198 318 2 A 1200 320 2 A 1201 321 1 A 1203 323 2 A 1205 325 2 A 1207 327 2 A 1209 329 2 A 1211 331 1 A 1213 333 1 A 1215 335 2 A 1217 337 2 A 1219 339 1 A 1221 341 2 A 1223 343 2 A 1225 345 3 A 1227 347 3 A 1229 349 3 A 1231 351 3 A 1233 353 3 A 1235 355 3 A 1237 357 3 A 1239 359 4 A 1241 361 5 A 1243 363 6 A 1245 365 5 A 1247 367 5 A 1249 369 7 A 1251 371 6 A 1253 373 4 A 1255 375 4 A 1257 377 3 A 1259 379 3 A 1261 381 2 A 1263 383 3 A 1265 385 2 A 1267 387 3 A 1269 389 3 A 1271 391 2 A 1273 393 3 A 1275 395 4 A 1277 397 4 A 1279 399 4 A 1281 401 4 A 1283 403 4 A 1285 405 4 A 1287 407 4 A 1289 409 5 A 1291 411 5 A 1293 413 4 A 1295 415 4 A 1297 417 5 A 1299 419 5 A 1301 421 2 A 1303 423 4 A 1305 425 5 A 1307 427 5 A 1309 429 7 A 1311 431 9 A 1313 433 14 A 1315 435 31 A 1317 437 28 A 1319 439 14 A 1321 441 8 A 1323 443 6 A 1325 445 7 A 1327 447 6 A 1329 449 7 A 1331 451 7 A 1333 453 8 A 1335 455 8 A 1337 457 8 A 1339 459 9 A 1341 461 9 A 1343 463 9 A 1345 465 10 A 1347 467 9 A 1349 469 9 A 1351 471 9 A 1353 473 9 A 1355 475 10 A 1357 477 0 A 1359 479 10 A 1361 481 10 A 1363 483 10 A 1365 485 10 A 1367 487 11 A 1369 489 12 A 1371 491 15 A 1373 493 18 A 1375 495 25 A 1377 497 38 A 1379 499 44 A 1381 501 49 A 1383 503 55 A 1385 505 57 A 1387 507 44 A 1389 509 56 A 1391 511 63 A 1393 513 64 A 1395 515 67 A 1397 517 69 A 1399 519 71 A 1401 521 70 A 1403 523 70 A 1405 525 74 A 1407 527 79 A 1409 529 85 A 1411 531 91 A 1413 533 82 A 1415 535 77 A 1417 537 80 A 1419 539 86 A 1421 541 91 A 1423 543 96 A 1425 545 101 A 1427 547 108 A 1429 549 111 A 1431 551 113 A 1433 553 115 A 1435 555 120 A 1437 557 121 A 1439 559 119 A 1441 561 123 A 1443 563 125 A 1445 565 119 A 1447 567 111 A 1449 569 103 A 1451 571 89 A 1454.5 574.5 81 A 1456.5 576.5 93 A 1458.5 578.5 101 A 1460.5 580.5 100 A 1462.5 582.5 100 A 1464.5 584.5 102 A 1466.5 586.5 99 A 1468.5 588.5 94 A 1470.5 590.5 88 A 1472.5 592.5 85 A 1474.5 594.5 81 A 1476.5 596.5 79 A 1478.5 598.5 75 A 1480.5 600.5 76 A 1482.5 602.5 77 A 1484.5 604.5 79 A 1486.5 606.5 79 A 1488.5 608.5 79 A 1490.5 610.5 74 A 1492.5 612.5 64 A 1494.5 614.5 58 A 1496.5 616.5 53 A 1498.5 618.5 50 A 1500.5 620.5 49 A 1502.5 622.5 48 A 1504.5 624.5 47 A 1506.5 626.5 42 A 1508.5 628.5 38 A 1510.5 630.5 35 A 1512.5 632.5 36 A 1514.5 634.5 39 A 1516.5 636.5 40 A 1518.5 638.5 37 5. Finney et al. 2012 Dune Lake Composite cores A-F Core Depth DepthAdj YrBPcal YearAD N% C% dN-15 C%/N% d13C DUNE F 0 7.00 -42.5 1996.0 3.36 30.63 3.36 9.11 -29.04 DUNE F 2.25 9.25 -19.4 1992.2 3.75 33.32 3.44 8.88 -28.42 DUNE F 3.5 10.50 -6.2 1989.7 3.63 34.37 3.24 9.47 -27.83 DUNE F 4.5 11.50 4.5 1987.6 3.75 34.75 3.01 9.27 -28.03 DUNE F 5.5 12.50 15.4 1985.7 3.75 34.68 2.83 9.24 -27.92 DUNE F 7 14.00 32.1 1982.2 3.70 34.40 2.96 9.31 -28.05 DUNE F 8 15.00 43.3 1979.4 3.63 33.54 3.09 9.24 -28.30 DUNE F 9 16.00 54.8 1975.8 3.70 34.09 2.96 9.22 -28.34 DUNE F 10 17.00 66.4 1971.3 3.61 33.86 3.20 9.37 -28.40 DUNE F 11 18.00 78.1 1965.1 3.56 33.31 3.08 9.35 -28.48 DUNE F 12 19.00 90.0 1957.8 3.49 33.16 3.06 9.51 -28.22 DUNE F 13 20.00 102.0 1950.1 3.36 32.35 3.40 9.63 -28.25 DUNE F 14 21.00 114.2 1943.7 3.31 32.00 3.11 9.66 -28.17 DUNE F 15 22.00 126.5 1936.9 3.27 31.57 2.98 9.66 -28.26 DUNE F 16 23.00 138.9 1929.2 3.21 31.25 3.25 9.74 -28.25 DUNE F 17 24.00 151.5 1920.9 3.09 30.52 3.55 9.88 -28.31 DUNE F 18 25.00 164.2 1911.8 3.05 30.04 3.53 9.86 -28.09 DUNE F 19 26.00 177.0 1901.5 2.99 29.69 3.65 9.93 -27.87 DUNE F 20 27.00 190.0 1890.8 29.01 3.56 DUNE F 21 28.00 203.1 1880.3 28.77 DUNE F 22 29.00 216.3 1869.7 2.91 28.82 3.74 9.89 -27.22 DUNE F 23 30.00 229.6 1859.1 2.99 30.28 3.63 10.14 -27.23 DUNE F 24 31.00 243.0 1848.3 3.02 29.66 3.30 9.82 -27.03 DUNE F 25 32.00 256.6 1837.4 2.88 27.97 3.33 9.72 -26.66 DUNE F 26 33.00 270.3 1826.3 2.83 27.38 3.33 9.68 -26.21 DUNE F 27 34.00 284.0 1815.0 2.84 27.26 3.54 9.61 -26.53 DUNE F 28 35.00 297.9 1803.6 2.86 27.39 3.49 9.57 -26.32 DUNE F 29 36.00 311.9 1790.8 3.19 27.36 3.84 8.58 -25.30 DUNE F 30 37.00 326.0 1778.0 2.80 26.91 3.27 9.62 -26.17 DUNE F 31 38.00 340.2 1763.5 2.78 26.94 3.11 9.69 -25.86 DUNE F 32 39.00 354.5 1747.8 2.74 26.89 2.97 9.80 -25.72 DUNE F 33 40.00 368.9 1731.1 2.77 27.14 2.96 9.78 -25.80 DUNE F 34 41.00 383.4 1713.5 2.79 27.16 2.63 9.73 -26.61 DUNE F 35 42.00 398.0 1695.0 2.69 26.94 2.79 10.02 -26.18 DUNE F 36 43.00 412.7 1675.8 2.64 27.49 2.89 10.40 -27.14 DUNE F 37 44.00 427.5 1655.8 2.66 27.75 2.77 10.45 -26.67 DUNE F 38 45.00 442.3 1635.3 2.63 28.38 2.76 10.81 -26.82 DUNE F 39 46.00 457.3 1614.3 2.57 27.50 2.92 10.70 -26.77 DUNE F 40 47.00 472.3 1592.9 2.53 27.10 3.03 10.71 -26.37 DUNE F 41 48.00 487.4 1571.0 2.44 26.21 2.98 10.74 -26.75 DUNE F 42 49.00 502.6 1549.0 2.41 25.44 3.27 10.54 -26.65 DUNE F 43 50.00 517.9 1526.7 2.39 25.26 3.19 10.59 -26.67 DUNE F 44 51.00 533.2 1504.3 2.48 25.56 3.16 10.31 -26.31 DUNE F 45 52.00 548.6 1482.0 2.44 25.16 3.30 10.32 -26.49 DUNE F 46 53.00 564.1 1459.6 2.44 25.22 3.16 10.35 -26.59 DUNE F 47 54.00 579.7 1437.5 2.43 25.28 2.93 10.42 -26.57 DUNE F 48 55.00 595.3 1415.5 2.38 25.16 2.90 10.56 -26.39 DUNE F 49 56.00 611.0 1393.9 2.41 25.67 3.07 10.66 -26.92 DUNE F 50 57.00 626.7 1372.6 2.37 25.69 2.99 10.83 -27.54 DUNE F 51 58.00 642.6 1351.9 2.40 25.80 3.06 10.77 -28.54 DUNE F 52 59.00 658.5 1331.6 2.46 26.74 3.06 10.89 -27.52 DUNE F 53 60.00 674.4 1312.0 2.55 27.52 3.09 10.79 -28.18 DUNE F 54 61.00 690.4 1292.7 2.72 27.97 3.43 10.30 -28.05 DUNE F 55 62.00 706.4 1273.8 2.64 27.86 3.48 10.54 -28.21 DUNE F 56 63.00 722.6 1255.0 2.77 29.91 3.41 10.81 -27.85 DUNE F 57 64.00 738.7 1236.5 2.62 27.35 3.42 10.44 -27.70 DUNE F 58 65.00 754.9 1218.2 2.59 26.86 3.28 10.36 -27.64 DUNE F 59 66.00 771.2 1200.0 2.55 26.21 3.28 10.29 -27.62 DUNE F 60 67.00 787.5 1182.0 2.39 24.93 3.45 10.43 -27.46 DUNE F 61 68.00 803.9 1164.0 2.43 24.89 3.51 10.23 -27.68 DUNE F 62 69.00 820.2 1146.2 2.45 25.14 3.33 10.24 -25.97 DUNE F 63 70.00 836.7 1128.4 2.51 25.22 3.34 10.04 -25.67 DUNE F 64 71.00 853.2 1110.6 2.50 25.04 3.43 10.03 -25.64 DUNE F 65 72.00 869.7 1092.8 2.61 25.58 3.22 9.81 -25.39 DUNE F 66 73.00 886.2 1075.0 2.66 26.36 3.47 9.90 -26.18 DUNE F 67 74.00 902.8 1057.1 2.66 26.29 3.39 9.87 -26.18 DUNE F 68 75.00 919.4 1039.1 2.49 25.90 3.23 10.39 -26.18 DUNE F 69 76.00 936.1 1020.9 2.56 26.13 3.17 10.19 -25.82 DUNE F 70 77.00 952.8 1002.7 2.50 26.13 2.90 10.46 -26.71 DUNE F 71 78.00 969.5 984.2 2.57 26.34 3.02 10.27 -26.87 DUNE F 72 79.00 986.2 965.5 2.34 24.75 3.05 10.56 -27.23 DUNE F 73 80.00 1003.0 946.6 2.45 25.90 2.56 10.56 -27.70 DUNE F 74 81.00 1019.8 927.4 2.48 26.37 2.98 10.64 -29.21 DUNE F 75 82.00 1036.6 907.9 2.43 25.93 3.46 10.66 -28.07 DUNE F 76 83.00 1053.5 888.1 2.64 27.79 3.13 10.54 -27.75 DUNE F 77 84.00 1070.3 867.9 2.66 27.95 3.23 10.50 -28.14 DUNE F 78 85.00 1087.2 847.4 2.57 27.91 3.24 10.88 -27.49 DUNE F 79 86.00 1104.1 826.5 2.62 27.58 3.38 10.52 -28.57 DUNE F 81 88.00 1137.9 784.3 2.49 26.21 3.66 10.52 -27.69 DUNE F 82 89.00 1154.9 763.0 2.43 25.97 3.59 10.67 -27.66 DUNE F 83 90.00 1171.8 741.4 2.42 25.69 3.45 10.63 -28.25 DUNE F 84 91.00 1188.8 719.7 2.31 24.12 3.55 10.42 -27.58 DUNE F 85 92.00 1205.7 697.8 2.34 24.23 3.39 10.36 -27.36 DUNE F 86 93.00 1222.7 675.8 2.24 23.89 3.57 10.68 -27.15 DUNE F 87 94.00 1239.7 653.5 2.26 23.91 3.64 10.56 -27.28 DUNE F 88 95.00 1256.7 631.1 2.45 25.50 3.31 10.42 -25.95 DUNE F 89 96.00 1273.7 608.5 2.51 25.98 3.29 10.33 -25.77 DUNE F 90 97.00 1290.7 585.6 2.46 25.82 3.42 10.50 -25.48 DUNE F 91 98.00 1307.7 562.6 2.49 24.69 3.49 9.92 -26.12 DUNE F 92 99.00 1324.7 539.4 2.58 24.69 3.39 9.58 -27.35 DUNE F 93 100.00 1341.7 516.0 2.28 23.98 3.13 10.52 -27.04 DUNE F 94 101.00 1358.6 492.3 1.96 20.15 2.96 10.30 -28.60 DUNE F 95 102.00 1375.6 468.5 1.85 20.59 2.93 11.11 -30.16 DUNE F 96 103.00 1392.6 444.4 2.33 22.26 3.00 9.55 -27.44 DUNE F 97 104.00 1409.6 420.2 2.66 23.62 3.10 8.89 -26.52 DUNE F 98 105.00 1426.6 395.7 2.67 25.03 3.14 9.37 -25.08 DUNE F 99 106.00 1443.5 370.9 2.41 23.28 3.38 9.65 -24.81 DUNE F 100 107.00 1460.5 346.0 2.36 22.71 3.23 9.61 -24.87 DUNE F 101 108.00 1477.4 320.8 2.78 27.00 3.25 9.71 -24.18 DUNE F 102 109.00 1494.3 295.4 2.86 28.18 3.14 9.86 -25.13 DUNE F 103 110.00 1511.3 269.8 2.65 27.03 3.23 10.19 -26.50 DUNE F 104 111.00 1528.2 243.9 2.64 25.51 3.26 9.67 -27.78 DUNE F 105 112.00 1545.0 217.8 2.40 25.49 3.06 10.63 -28.18 DUNE F 106 113.00 1561.9 191.8 2.46 25.58 3.17 10.39 -27.24 DUNE F 107 114.00 1578.8 166.2 2.41 24.84 3.10 10.32 -28.49 DUNE F 108 115.00 1595.6 141.1 2.41 25.55 3.41 10.58 -28.25 DUNE F 109 116.00 1612.4 116.5 2.60 24.57 2.75 9.47 -27.77 DUNE F 110 117.00 1629.2 92.2 2.65 25.90 3.15 9.76 -27.18 DUNE F 111 118.00 1646.0 68.5 2.57 25.67 2.98 10.00 -28.08 DUNE F 112 119.00 1662.7 45.1 2.68 26.06 3.04 9.71 -27.79 DUNE F 113 120.00 1679.5 22.2 2.58 25.31 2.84 9.81 -26.87 DUNE F 114 121.00 1696.2 -0.4 2.53 25.76 3.09 10.17 -26.67 DUNE F 115 122.00 1712.8 -22.5 2.55 26.38 2.86 10.36 -26.87 DUNE F 116 123.00 1729.5 -44.2 2.50 25.75 2.97 10.31 -27.02 DUNE F 117 124.00 1746.1 -65.6 2.52 26.34 3.06 10.44 -27.09 DUNE F 118 125.00 1762.7 -86.5 1.88 19.87 2.84 10.57 -30.12 DUNE F 119 126.00 1779.3 -107.1 2.04 20.09 3.09 9.83 -29.24 DUNE F 120 127.00 1795.8 -127.3 2.58 23.47 3.14 9.11 -25.99 DUNE F 121 128.00 1812.4 -147.2 2.66 24.50 3.58 9.21 -25.57 DUNE F 122 129.00 1828.8 -166.7 2.65 25.12 3.47 9.48 -25.33 DUNE F 123 130.00 1845.3 -185.8 2.59 24.26 3.32 9.36 -25.52 DUNE F 124 131.00 1861.7 -204.7 2.50 23.75 3.36 9.48 -25.65 DUNE F 125 132.00 1878.1 -223.1 2.38 22.64 3.06 9.50 -25.38 DUNE F 126 133.00 1894.4 -241.3 2.18 21.26 3.20 9.77 -25.67 DUNE F 127 134.00 1910.8 -259.2 1.83 19.00 3.25 10.39 -26.96 DUNE F 128 135.00 1927.0 -276.7 1.43 15.57 3.09 10.92 -28.16 DUNE F 129 136.00 1943.3 -293.9 1.78 19.80 2.83 11.10 -28.67 DUNE F 130 137.00 1959.5 -310.9 2.28 22.51 3.09 9.87 -26.52 DUNE F 131 138.00 1975.7 -327.5 2.56 25.04 3.18 9.79 -25.40 DUNE F 132 139.00 1991.8 -343.9 2.61 25.03 2.95 9.57 -25.41 DUNE F 133 140.00 2007.9 -359.8 2.49 23.96 2.96 9.63 -25.65 DUNE F 134 141.00 2023.9 -375.8 2.44 23.66 3.15 9.68 -25.26 DUNE F 135 142.00 2039.9 -391.4 2.45 23.99 2.77 9.80 -25.87 DUNE F 136 143.00 2055.9 -406.7 2.38 23.63 3.15 9.95 -25.97 DUNE F 137 144.00 2071.8 -421.7 2.28 23.26 2.94 10.19 -26.37 DUNE F 138 145.00 2087.7 -436.6 2.20 22.83 2.80 10.36 -26.57 DUNE F 139 146.00 2103.6 -451.2 2.48 23.94 2.66 9.65 -26.16 DUNE F 140 147.00 2119.4 -465.6 2.84 25.60 2.62 9.03 -25.34 DUNE F 141 148.00 2135.1 -479.7 2.62 24.97 2.79 9.53 -25.84 DUNE F 142 149.00 2150.8 -493.7 2.67 25.29 2.88 9.48 -26.02 DUNE F 143 150.00 2166.5 -507.4 2.56 24.59 2.86 9.59 -25.65 DUNE F 144 151.00 2182.1 -521.0 2.55 23.39 2.97 9.16 -25.58 DUNE F 145 152.00 2197.7 -534.3 2.48 23.73 2.94 9.55 -25.81 DUNE F 146 153.00 2213.2 -547.5 2.54 24.71 3.10 9.72 -25.35 DUNE F 147 154.00 2228.7 -560.5 2.59 25.27 3.17 9.75 -24.68 DUNE F 148 155.00 2244.1 -573.3 2.58 25.16 3.41 9.74 -23.90 DUNE F 149 156.00 2259.5 -586.0 2.49 23.60 3.00 9.49 -25.42 DUNE F 150 157.00 2274.9 -598.6 2.36 21.99 2.89 9.31 -26.00 DUNE F 151 158.00 2290.2 -610.9 2.44 23.05 2.63 9.43 -27.08 DUNE F 152 159.00 2305.4 -623.2 2.60 23.04 2.57 8.85 -27.35 DUNE F 153 160.00 2320.6 -635.3 2.83 23.30 2.23 8.24 -26.58 DUNE F 154 161.00 2335.7 -647.3 2.27 21.79 3.06 9.61 -26.56 DUNE F 155 162.00 2350.8 -659.2 2.27 23.06 2.74 10.14 -27.16 DUNE F 156 163.00 2365.9 -670.9 2.16 23.13 3.11 10.71 -27.61 DUNE F 157 164.00 2380.9 -682.6 1.87 21.14 3.15 11.29 -28.18 DUNE F 158 165.00 2395.8 -694.2 2.11 23.46 2.95 11.13 -27.40 DUNE F 159 166.00 2410.7 -705.6 1.98 22.37 2.73 11.32 -28.70 DUNE F 160 167.00 2425.5 -717.0 2.27 25.97 3.47 11.41 -27.12 DUNE F 161 168.00 2440.3 -728.4 2.50 27.31 2.94 10.93 -27.94 DUNE F 162 169.00 2455.0 -739.6 2.65 28.37 2.98 10.71 -27.95 DUNE F 163 170.00 2469.7 -750.8 2.71 27.56 2.84 10.16 -28.23 DUNE F 164 171.00 2484.3 -762.0 2.83 27.70 2.78 9.78 -27.70 DUNE F 165 172.00 2498.9 -773.1 3.02 28.50 2.64 9.43 -26.99 DUNE F 166 173.00 2513.4 -784.1 2.88 27.13 3.04 9.42 -25.91 DUNE F 167 174.00 2527.9 -795.2 2.89 27.39 2.98 9.46 -25.84 DUNE F 168 175.00 2542.3 -806.2 2.99 27.26 2.35 9.13 -25.83 DUNE F 169 176.00 2556.7 -817.2 3.06 28.25 2.63 9.22 -26.23 DUNE F 170 177.00 2571.0 -828.2 2.84 27.45 2.60 9.65 -26.92 DUNE F 171 178.00 2585.2 -839.1 2.83 27.09 2.51 9.56 -26.83 DUNE F 172 179.00 2599.4 -850.1 2.79 26.68 2.49 9.56 -27.37 DUNE F 173 180.00 2613.6 -861.1 2.38 24.11 2.81 10.15 -27.59 DUNE F 174 181.00 2627.7 -872.1 2.12 22.24 2.53 10.48 -28.10 DUNE F 175 182.00 2641.7 -883.2 2.30 22.85 2.53 9.93 -27.59 DUNE F 176 183.00 2655.7 -894.3 2.50 23.40 2.62 9.36 -26.34 DUNE F 177 184.00 2669.6 -905.4 2.27 21.40 2.66 9.43 -27.01 DUNE F 178 185.00 2683.5 -916.6 2.26 21.94 2.75 9.73 -27.18 DUNE F 179 186.00 2697.3 -927.8 2.22 21.61 2.69 9.73 -27.63 DUNE F 180 187.00 2711.1 -939.1 2.09 21.17 2.91 10.14 -28.06 DUNE A 182.5 2745.3 1.96 20.53 10.50 -28.58 DUNE A 184.5 2772.4 DUNE A 185 2779.1 1.78 17.86 3.07 10.02 -29.22 DUNE A 185.5 2785.9 DUNE A 188.5 2825.9 DUNE A 189 2832.6 1.85 16.75 3.07 9.03 -26.78 DUNE A 189.5 2839.2 DUNE A 191.5 2865.5 1.88 18.50 3.34 9.83 -27.36 DUNE A 192.5 2878.6 1.83 20.10 10.99 -28.16 DUNE A 194.5 2904.7 1.35 15.40 2.97 11.37 -29.61 DUNE A 195.5 2917.6 1.36 15.28 3.17 11.21 -29.85 DUNE A 200.5 2981.5 2.29 20.67 3.00 9.03 -27.23 DUNE A 201.5 2994.1 2.35 21.50 2.87 9.15 -27.20 DUNE A 202.5 3006.7 2.35 23.91 2.54 10.15 -28.91 DUNE A 204.5 3031.7 2.02 20.80 2.98 10.30 -28.71 DUNE A 205.5 3044.1 DUNE A 207.5 3068.9 1.78 16.85 3.36 9.45 -27.32 DUNE A 209.5 3093.4 1.34 13.75 3.41 10.27 -28.79 DUNE A 210.5 3105.6 DUNE A 212.5 3129.8 1.51 15.82 10.46 -28.36 DUNE A 217.5 3189.6 1.37 15.69 3.02 11.43 -28.55 DUNE A 218.5 3201.4 DUNE A 222.5 3248.3 1.52 15.32 10.09 -27.99 DUNE A 224.5 3271.5 1.69 15.95 3.51 9.46 -28.09 DUNE A 225.5 3283.0 DUNE A 227.5 3306.0 1.21 12.07 3.86 9.94 -26.70 DUNE A 232.5 3362.8 1.12 12.10 3.28 10.83 -28.90 DUNE A 234.5 3385.3 1.60 15.10 3.86 9.43 -25.81 DUNE A 235.5 3396.5 DUNE A 239.5 3440.9 1.55 15.82 3.40 10.19 -28.67 DUNE A 240.5 3452.0 DUNE A 242.5 3474.0 1.72 15.73 9.13 -26.06 DUNE A 244.5 3495.9 1.01 10.28 3.05 10.22 -28.89 DUNE A 245.5 3506.8 DUNE A 247.5 3528.6 0.99 11.27 3.11 11.40 -29.79 DUNE A 250.5 3561.1 1.31 12.88 2.96 9.82 -29.27 DUNE A 252.5 3582.7 1.40 12.89 9.20 -28.45 DUNE A 253.5 3593.4 1.09 12.49 3.41 11.42 -30.11 DUNE A 254.5 3604.2 DUNE A 258.5 3647.1 1.54 14.87 3.19 9.65 -27.54 DUNE A 260.5 3668.5 1.22 12.72 3.54 10.38 -29.42 DUNE A 261.5 3679.2 DUNE A 262.5 3689.9 1.20 11.89 2.54 9.91 -27.56 DUNE A 264.5 3711.2 1.34 14.08 2.91 10.47 -28.46 DUNE A 265.5 3721.9 DUNE A 269.5 3764.6 1.33 14.02 3.31 10.51 -31.41 DUNE A 270.5 3775.3 DUNE A 272.5 3796.7 1.66 17.89 10.81 -30.31 DUNE A 277.5 3850.4 1.41 14.60 3.70 10.37 -29.05 DUNE A 278.5 3861.2 1.38 14.61 3.65 10.60 -28.74 DUNE A 280.5 3882.8 1.24 12.56 3.54 10.11 -28.92 DUNE A 282.5 3904.5 1.21 13.16 10.89 -32.03 DUNE A 284.5 3926.3 1.04 12.31 3.23 11.79 -30.86 DUNE A 285.5 3937.2 DUNE A 290 3986.8 1.30 14.57 3.32 11.17 -30.34 DUNE A 292 4009.0 1.29 13.61 3.25 10.54 -30.03 DUNE A 294 4031.4 DUNE A 295 4042.7 1.56 15.09 3.37 9.66 -28.89 DUNE A 296 4054.0 DUNE A 302 4122.8 1.21 12.81 10.60 -30.87 DUNE A 304 4146.1 DUNE A 305 4157.9 1.35 15.13 3.23 11.18 -28.29 DUNE A 306 4169.7 DUNE A 312 4242.0 1.21 12.30 10.17 -30.67 DUNE A 314 4266.7 DUNE A 315 4279.1 0.93 9.77 2.66 10.50 -31.04 DUNE A 322.5 4375.1 1.30 14.60 2.68 11.23 -28.84 DUNE A 324 4394.9 1.27 13.56 3.36 10.69 -32.19 DUNE A 328 4448.9 1.03 9.62 3.16 9.37 -29.25 DUNE A 332 4504.5 1.06 10.97 10.39 -29.89 DUNE A 334 4532.9 DUNE A 335 4547.4 0.92 11.18 3.07 12.18 -28.75 DUNE A 336 4561.9 DUNE A 340 4621.3 1.07 9.78 2.61 9.13 -28.57 DUNE A 342 4651.8 1.03 11.72 11.41 -30.46 DUNE A 346 4714.4 1.12 11.90 3.20 10.65 -30.85 DUNE A 350 4779.4 1.10 10.70 3.14 9.72 -29.50 DUNE A 352 4812.8 1.16 11.59 3.07 9.96 -29.56 DUNE A 354 4846.8 1.10 11.68 3.08 10.64 -31.52 DUNE A 360 4953.0 1.13 11.81 3.10 10.47 -30.79 DUNE A 362 4989.9 1.19 12.68 10.70 -29.92 DUNE A 364 5027.4 1.40 18.06 3.19 12.93 -31.06 DUNE A 368 5104.9 1.06 11.33 2.80 10.70 -29.64 DUNE A 372 5185.6 1.45 13.99 9.64 -30.82 DUNE A 374 5227.2 DUNE A 375 5248.3 0.99 9.99 2.83 10.11 -29.64 DUNE A 376 5269.7 DUNE A 378 5313.1 DUNE A 379 5335.1 1.01 12.02 2.80 11.96 -30.64 DUNE A 380 5357.4 0.67 7.77 3.05 11.66 -30.47 DUNE A 382 5402.6 1.39 14.94 3.13 10.73 -29.77 DUNE A 386 5496.1 0.89 10.05 2.99 11.25 -31.03 DUNE A 392 5643.9 1.17 12.59 10.77 -32.53 DUNE A 396 5747.8 1.91 18.36 3.96 9.63 -30.07 DUNE A 400 5856.2 1.43 14.61 3.50 10.22 -30.82 DUNE A 402 5912.2 0.98 10.71 10.98 -33.24 DUNE A 404 5969.4 0.96 9.33 2.38 9.73 -30.79 DUNE A 406 6027.8 1.32 14.50 3.70 11.00 -31.31 DUNE A 410 6148.5 1.14 12.14 2.33 10.66 -31.94 DUNE A 412 6210.8 1.17 12.52 2.47 10.71 -32.78 DUNE A 416 6339.4 1.08 11.38 2.75 10.54 -31.16 DUNE A 422 6542.9 1.33 14.81 11.14 -31.30 DUNE A 430 6835.0 1.00 10.80 2.27 10.78 -32.40 DUNE A 432 6911.9 1.22 13.95 11.46 -31.83 DUNE A 438 7152.5 1.04 11.39 1.89 10.97 -32.27 DUNE A 442 7321.4 1.27 14.80 1.99 11.66 -32.19 DUNE A 446 7497.3 1.05 11.67 2.12 11.09 -30.82 DUNE A 450 7680.5 1.18 12.69 2.23 10.77 -31.09 DUNE A 452 7775.0 1.38 14.45 10.51 -32.61 DUNE A 460 8172.2 1.12 11.42 2.36 10.24 -32.60 DUNE A 462 8276.6 1.29 14.69 11.42 -32.40 DUNE A 466 8491.5 1.10 12.49 2.00 11.39 -31.31 DUNE A 472 8830.1 1.24 13.23 1.83 10.63 -31.30 DUNE A 474 8947.4 1.11 12.69 2.27 11.42 -31.23 DUNE A 482.5 9471.6 1.56 16.73 10.75 -30.69 DUNE A 488.5 9721.1 1.27 14.86 1.96 11.74 -30.89 DUNE A 492.5 9820.6 1.18 12.85 1.87 10.89 -32.02 DUNE A 494 9858.0 0.76 8.93 2.30 11.68 -31.04 DUNE A 498.5 9970.0 0.55 6.14 2.07 11.20 -31.46 DUNE A 502.5 10069.5 0.46 -30.41 DUNE A 532.5 10816.2 0.78 -30.99 DUNE A 553 11326.4 1.18 -27.79 DUNE A 562.5 0.09 -25.65 DUNE A 584.5 0.09 -25.65 DUNE A 604.5 0.12 -25.82 DUNE A 637.5 0.06 -25.73 6. Finney et al. 2012 Dune Lake 2005 core Depth %H2O MS-SI SIunits/g %LOI550 N(%) C(%) d15N d13C C%/N% YearAD 13CSuessCorr 0.0 98.862 1.500 2.904 56.596 3.87 24.15 3.93 -29.93 6.25 2005.000 -28.21 1.0 98.140 0.400 1.231 54.630 3.13 23.54 3.16 -29.75 7.51 2003.426 -28.10 2.0 97.480 2.200 4.477 58.038 3.50 26.62 3.31 -29.67 7.60 2001.853 -28.07 3.0 97.337 2.300 4.398 59.375 3.46 27.36 3.10 -29.51 7.90 2000.279 -27.97 4.0 97.092 2.500 4.897 59.119 3.40 26.85 3.17 -29.18 7.89 1998.706 -27.70 5.0 97.075 2.800 4.897 59.259 3.53 27.67 3.17 -29.19 7.83 1997.132 -27.77 6.0 96.990 2.600 4.714 60.766 3.51 27.27 2.91 -28.64 7.77 1995.559 -27.27 7.0 96.224 2.600 4.213 60.064 3.60 27.93 3.21 -28.30 7.76 1993.985 -26.99 8.0 95.971 2.500 3.865 59.865 3.53 27.72 3.28 -28.42 7.85 1992.449 -27.15 9.0 95.893 1.600 2.464 60.856 3.58 29.10 3.09 -28.20 8.13 1990.472 -26.99 10.0 96.192 2.500 4.131 60.278 3.43 29.00 3.31 -28.33 8.45 1988.199 -27.19 11.0 95.505 1.600 2.158 59.860 3.48 27.89 3.11 -28.09 8.01 1986.312 -27.00 12.0 95.384 2.900 3.850 60.371 3.57 28.46 2.99 -28.15 7.98 1984.424 -27.11 13.0 95.282 2.800 3.686 60.436 3.45 28.45 3.11 -28.14 8.24 1980.659 -27.19 14.0 95.207 2.900 3.723 83.841 3.58 30.11 3.04 -27.98 8.42 1978.411 -27.09 15.0 94.893 2.200 2.825 59.724 3.41 28.99 3.14 -28.01 8.50 1975.843 -27.18 16.0 94.846 3.100 3.519 58.832 3.42 28.63 3.28 -28.02 8.37 1967.979 -27.35 17.0 94.584 2.600 2.895 58.621 3.42 28.46 3.29 -28.00 8.33 1959.441 -27.46 18.0 94.787 2.900 3.191 59.426 3.27 27.27 3.14 -27.95 8.35 1954.466 -27.49 19.0 94.617 2.800 3.059 58.177 3.24 27.64 3.31 -28.04 8.53 1948.673 -27.64 20.0 94.550 3.000 3.079 58.148 3.27 27.57 3.18 -28.10 8.44 1942.443 -27.76 21.0 94.126 3.100 2.877 57.817 3.04 26.70 3.32 -28.06 8.79 1933.123 -27.81 22.0 94.007 3.000 2.988 55.949 3.17 27.45 3.29 -28.39 8.67 1926.314 -28.18 23.0 93.888 2.700 2.878 55.567 3.03 26.70 3.37 -28.08 8.82 1919.506 -27.91 24.0 93.732 2.500 2.426 54.455 2.88 26.08 3.35 -27.72 9.05 1906.487 -27.60 25.0 93.818 2.900 2.770 53.777 3.01 25.90 3.50 -27.65 8.62 1894.995 -27.57 26.0 93.719 2.900 2.839 53.692 2.93 25.79 3.44 -27.45 8.79 1884.048 -27.40 27.0 93.641 2.700 2.557 53.067 2.93 26.89 3.59 -27.45 9.18 1874.806 -27.42 28.0 93.561 2.800 2.554 53.106 2.84 25.51 3.60 -27.25 8.99 1865.970 -27.24 29.0 93.643 2.800 2.658 51.959 2.97 25.49 3.43 -26.74 8.58 1856.531 -26.74