# Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan 11,000 Year Lake Sediment Metals Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/33093 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/michigan/seneca2021metals.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-03-21 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-03-21 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan 11,000 Year Lake Sediment Metals Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Pompeani, D.P.; Steinman, B.A.; Abbott, M.B.; Pompeani, K.M.; Reardon, W.; Depasqual, S.; Mueller, R.H. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Sediment metals (Pb, Ti, Mg, Fe) and organic matter concentration data from 5 lakes in the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan for the past 11,000 years. # Provided Keywords: archaeometallurgy, Copper Age, geoarchaeology, paleolakes, sediments #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: David P Pompeani, Byron A Steinman, Mark B Abbott, Katherine M Pompeani, William Reardon, Seth Depasqual, Robin H Mueller # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-03-09 # Published_Title: On the Timing of the Old Copper Complex in North America: A Comparison of Radiocarbon Dates from Different Archaeological Contexts # Journal_Name: Radiocarbon # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2021.7 # Online_Resource: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/abs/on-the-timing-of-the-old-copper-complex-in-north-america-a-comparison-of-radiocarbon-dates-from-different-archaeological-contexts/E46715993E58EDC94F225CC6FE776CF2 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The Old Copper Complex (OCC) refers to the production of heavy copper-tool technology by Archaic Native American societies in the Lake Superior region. To better define the timing of the OCC, we evaluated 53 (eight new and 45 published) radiocarbon (14C) dates associated with copper artifacts and mines. We compared these dates to six lake sediment-based chronologies of copper mining and annealing in the Michigan Copper District. 14C dates grouped by archaeological context show that cremation remains, and wood and cordage embedded in copper artifacts have ages that overlap with the timing of high lead (Pb) concentrations in lake sediment. In contrast, dates in stratigraphic association and from mines are younger than those from embedded and cremation materials, suggesting that the former groups reflect the timing of processes that occurred post-abandonment. The comparatively young dates obtained from copper mines therefore likely reflect abandonment and infill of the mines rather than active use. Excluding three anomalously young samples, the ages of embedded organic material associated with 15 OCC copper artifacts range from 8500 to 3580 cal BP, confirming that the OCC is among the oldest known metalworking societies in the world. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: EAR-IF 0948366 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Geological Society of America # Grant: Graduate Student Research Award #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Seneca Lake # Location: North America>United States Of America>Michigan # Northernmost_Latitude: 47.316 # Southernmost_Latitude: 47.316 # Easternmost_Longitude: -88.375 # Westernmost_Longitude: -88.375 # Elevation: 281 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Seneca2021metals # First_Year: 9854 # Last_Year: -60 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: 6.88 # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # ID date type # C14_age conventional radiocarbon date, years before 1950AD # cal_BP radiometric age in calendar years before 1950AD # error one standard deviation error in years # depth core depth in cm # thickness thickness of sample in cm # # ID C14_age cal_BP error depth thickness # Pb-210 -62 0.1 0 0.5 # Pb-210 -61 1 0.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -59 1 2.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -56 1 4.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -51 1 6.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -46 1 8.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -41 1 10.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -33 2 12.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -23 2 14.25 0.5 # Pb-210 -12 2 16.25 0.5 # Pb-210 4 3 18.25 0.5 # Pb-210 21 3 20.25 0.5 # Pb-210 29 4 22.25 0.5 # Pb-210 42 5 24.25 0.5 # Pb-210 64 6 26.25 0.5 # Seneca A12 D4 53-54 .071mgC 3695 40 327.5 1 # 1424 Seneca A12 D6 47.5 .20mgC 5905 25 481.5 1 # Seneca A12 D8 81-82 .044mgC 9370 150 743.5 1 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth depth,,,centimeter,,paleolimnology,,,N,average depth of sample ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,paleolimnology,,,N, radiometric age in calendar years before 1950AD; best age estimate in CLAM ## Pb lead,sediment,,parts per million,,paleolimnology,,,N,10% HNO3 extraction ## Ti titanium,sediment,,parts per million,,paleolimnology,,,N,10% HNO3 extraction ## Mg magnesium,sediment,,parts per million,,paleolimnology,,,N,10% HNO3 extraction ## Fe iron,sediment,,parts per million,,paleolimnology,,,N,10% HNO3 extraction ## OM organic matter,sediment,,percent,,paleolimnology,,loss on ignition,N,Loss-on-ignition at 550C # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth age Pb Ti Mg Fe OM 0.75 -60 29.66 87.67 935.25 4706.77 2.75 -58 33.91 93.55 919.72 5387.78 59.84 4.75 -55 33.99 90.07 859.90 4745.68 58.06 6.75 -50 34.72 93.71 818.55 4130.99 57.63 8.75 -45 35.33 98.54 850.59 3579.02 55.78 10.75 -39 35.72 92.00 750.94 3953.17 54.95 12.75 -31 40.81 113.09 857.72 4871.05 51.32 14.75 -21 45.80 129.21 838.00 4686.95 50.75 17.75 0 50.77 135.52 912.36 4257.66 51.90 20.75 23 50.00 135.23 988.64 4806.21 53.79 23.75 39 62.82 116.09 767.39 4638.80 49.94 26.75 68 27.66 81.65 677.25 1860.12 50.66 35.5 158 7.11 38.26 627.26 1094.71 50.05 40.5 211 4.89 37.13 629.38 718.58 53.85 45.5 263 2.48 36.29 622.60 579.21 55.44 50.5 316 2.32 37.21 554.08 509.70 54.78 55.5 370 2.56 35.90 519.67 479.21 49.36 60.5 424 1.77 39.06 491.89 432.46 44.68 65.5 478 1.87 40.21 503.31 416.84 44.89 70.5 533 1.45 33.66 395.26 314.73 42.80 75.5 588 1.40 33.93 406.31 318.72 40.55 80.5 643 1.81 40.26 464.84 387.25 47.51 85.5 699 1.39 29.68 430.45 344.62 46.44 90.5 756 1.40 29.53 436.22 371.40 48.03 95.5 813 1.41 32.75 428.18 315.84 43.85 100.5 870 1.29 27.71 403.85 264.14 45.28 105.5 928 1.97 37.06 545.92 395.12 56.38 124.5 1152 1.77 35.95 540.57 454.11 53.16 129.5 1212 1.77 32.34 521.72 553.12 45.67 134.5 1273 1.91 32.33 492.39 348.42 45.10 139.5 1334 1.37 33.39 479.13 366.96 45.57 144.5 1396 1.35 28.86 446.39 332.73 46.41 149.5 1458 1.48 42.93 492.37 348.18 40.15 154.5 1521 1.43 36.41 489.48 406.41 41.76 159.5 1584 1.46 38.99 479.59 365.13 38.88 164.5 1648 1.43 32.41 502.39 365.73 41.80 169.5 1712 1.40 41.34 513.01 496.75 47.84 174.5 1777 1.26 46.13 504.69 954.19 43.44 179.5 1842 1.44 49.87 499.44 687.69 40.65 184.5 1908 1.71 53.80 575.17 752.41 42.49 189.5 1974 1.73 55.34 557.47 794.16 37.59 194.5 2041 1.48 51.43 490.14 767.27 41.73 199.5 2108 1.24 25.83 477.46 355.96 37.57 204.5 2176 2.26 44.82 672.66 620.06 51.45 209.5 2244 1.68 47.14 508.88 777.93 36.60 214.5 2313 1.97 50.59 672.15 1656.99 45.34 219.5 2383 2.23 62.09 716.39 1369.29 47.29 224.5 2453 1.80 57.94 673.36 739.87 44.98 229.5 2524 1.90 61.01 642.09 825.93 42.48 234.5 2596 1.90 58.55 680.85 941.75 51.78 239.5 2668 2.54 48.43 852.40 783.82 58.45 244.5 2740 1.68 40.95 721.67 656.28 52.33 249.5 2813 1.55 35.65 630.13 602.03 50.00 254.5 2887 1.80 44.62 661.63 1200.41 47.54 259.5 2962 1.59 9.70 684.55 597.24 43.55 264.5 3037 2.23 56.61 778.46 967.62 47.86 269.5 3112 1.86 63.08 713.25 1017.79 43.87 274.5 3188 2.26 63.04 785.55 2200.93 45.98 279.5 3265 2.07 55.67 782.48 1969.16 50.28 287.5 3389 1.18 60.96 547.85 721.53 46.96 291.5 3452 1.52 70.85 619.10 1245.21 54.62 295.5 3515 1.16 65.28 616.89 1044.33 54.14 299.5 3578 1.50 85.79 669.69 1519.08 48.48 303.5 3642 1.27 72.89 562.99 1229.60 41.61 307.5 3707 1.59 69.72 614.68 1321.95 46.02 311.5 3772 1.95 80.81 667.61 1790.68 43.93 315.5 3837 1.02 67.17 603.42 1185.14 47.28 319.5 3902 1.12 71.82 639.50 1225.78 48.00 323.5 3968 0.93 65.53 590.68 987.47 47.68 327.5 4035 0.94 60.89 585.66 935.77 41.76 331.5 4102 1.23 68.36 617.89 971.86 43.29 335.5 4169 0.93 64.66 592.72 913.53 48.87 339.5 4237 0.94 69.13 597.99 1134.60 44.23 343.5 4305 1.31 88.22 666.14 1110.42 46.22 347.5 4373 0.84 57.26 480.44 1133.90 40.36 351.5 4442 1.15 66.14 534.51 1354.93 43.59 355.5 4511 1.04 73.06 591.26 1756.56 45.02 359.5 4580 0.97 74.00 601.82 1670.52 45.51 363.5 4650 1.12 76.60 624.02 1571.35 46.08 364.5 4667 1.56 67.08 671.21 1503.69 49.39 369.5 4755 1.38 70.77 678.20 1452.43 53.91 374.5 4842 1.37 56.62 614.13 1418.93 43.60 379.5 4930 1.43 59.00 636.89 1449.73 44.72 384.5 5018 1.72 70.99 729.34 1781.37 52.53 389.5 5107 1.67 78.39 771.16 2496.65 55.16 394.5 5195 2.23 103.61 1003.66 2834.46 63.88 399.5 5284 2.59 129.54 1141.04 3850.94 64.77 404.5 5373 2.26 122.59 1086.84 3275.36 62.90 409.5 5462 2.85 116.38 1078.50 2745.69 60.47 410.5 5480 1.57 96.69 913.08 2290.37 59.06 411.5 5497 1.50 92.39 854.89 2055.56 57.65 412.5 5515 1.73 99.59 908.54 2133.96 56.23 413.5 5533 1.94 95.38 887.81 2048.23 54.82 414.5 5551 3.53 108.42 1106.75 2344.16 53.41 415.5 5568 2.83 95.23 997.82 2163.66 54.66 416.5 5586 2.69 85.78 946.98 2414.38 55.91 417.5 5604 1.96 89.23 847.58 2213.63 57.16 418.5 5622 1.49 89.68 786.96 4843.16 58.41 419.5 5639 2.67 116.89 996.87 7127.97 59.66 424.5 5728 2.28 102.17 938.31 2215.45 58.73 429.5 5817 3.09 120.89 1049.88 2363.32 53.71 430.5 5835 1.92 78.76 887.85 1910.51 51.91 431.5 5852 2.15 84.62 834.46 3214.97 50.11 432.5 5870 2.75 82.57 919.33 2111.76 48.32 433.5 5888 3.06 69.19 937.43 2019.36 46.52 434.5 5905 4.74 106.23 1108.86 2342.86 44.72 435.5 5923 3.93 74.33 1002.12 1981.10 46.57 436.5 5941 3.90 80.02 960.68 2383.15 48.43 437.5 5958 2.73 77.32 901.53 1866.42 50.28 438.5 5976 2.05 89.79 927.75 2015.33 52.14 439.5 5994 2.86 115.76 1041.56 2638.55 53.99 444.5 6082 1.38 98.69 925.84 4445.38 64.23 449.5 6170 1.18 63.28 886.73 1863.86 62.02 454.5 6257 1.33 85.82 901.43 1824.32 58.97 459.5 6344 1.30 98.24 903.76 1989.52 58.53 464.5 6431 1.36 111.01 971.18 2545.65 55.96 469.5 6517 1.36 93.72 797.12 2857.87 51.19 474.5 6603 1.48 109.43 865.72 3153.42 51.27 479.5 6688 1.33 84.65 762.27 3539.93 52.21 484.5 6773 1.34 82.43 709.76 2932.29 46.46 489.5 6857 2.24 102.71 796.66 3370.51 41.27 494.5 6941 2.15 111.61 830.73 5521.64 40.90 499.5 7024 1.28 88.97 609.46 4333.01 36.19 504.5 7106 1.54 82.04 747.77 1995.51 37.97 509.5 7188 1.62 102.42 782.62 4516.36 39.44 514.5 7269 1.98 105.97 821.85 4981.19 39.94 519.5 7350 1.96 118.94 821.83 4704.75 34.62 524.5 7431 1.20 76.98 619.10 4177.76 38.37 534.5 7590 1.85 110.28 967.08 6598.67 40.05 544.5 7748 1.92 108.38 1092.76 8991.50 36.66 554.5 7904 2.15 103.07 1308.72 3244.61 30.50 564.5 8058 1.81 94.65 1134.30 2918.65 32.43 574.5 8211 1.97 110.70 1319.07 3532.29 31.89 584.5 8362 2.43 100.10 1483.77 3134.55 35.32 585.5 8377 3.40 119.87 1807.05 3941.99 34.42 586.5 8392 3.76 117.74 1823.63 3780.94 33.52 587.5 8407 4.41 118.35 1890.06 3807.03 32.62 588.5 8422 4.16 108.83 1944.78 4080.14 31.72 589.5 8437 3.18 115.43 1850.40 3801.69 30.82 590.5 8452 3.68 130.19 2105.39 4264.98 30.54 591.5 8467 4.23 113.10 1885.75 5236.45 30.26 592.5 8482 4.96 125.64 1983.96 6144.38 29.99 593.5 8497 7.01 99.51 1799.49 6393.81 29.71 594.5 8512 6.05 57.83 1755.37 4736.98 29.43 595.5 8527 5.48 125.80 1897.60 6284.61 28.00 596.5 8542 3.33 142.48 1784.87 6252.84 26.57 597.5 8557 2.90 148.19 1790.02 6227.32 25.13 598.5 8572 3.15 144.61 1865.40 6393.86 23.70 599.5 8586 3.20 160.63 1950.11 7594.18 22.27 600.5 8601 2.95 136.51 2051.88 4297.42 23.67 601.5 8616 2.86 168.06 2580.54 10168.44 25.06 602.5 8631 2.48 138.79 2425.22 7336.11 26.46 603.5 8646 2.51 130.89 2875.16 4885.17 27.86 604.5 8660 2.19 117.10 2826.27 4184.68 29.25 607.5 8705 2.81 228.72 3047.94 10133.86 33.44 611.5 8764 2.61 217.55 3380.63 8291.72 34.93 615.5 8822 2.79 229.38 4162.97 9458.94 33.20 619.5 8881 2.83 242.58 4763.21 9130.60 33.61 623.5 8939 2.91 231.16 4496.56 8068.02 26.02 627.5 8997 3.21 264.33 4690.90 10949.38 25.13 631.5 9055 3.07 247.38 3879.19 7332.94 23.14 635.5 9113 3.02 216.50 4695.10 8052.57 20.39 639.5 9171 2.80 214.32 5114.34 7097.59 18.54 643.5 9228 2.90 252.87 6769.02 8364.85 16.66 647.5 9286 2.12 172.22 6948.32 5972.38 11.36 651.5 9343 2.27 109.24 1853.76 4132.80 5.65 655.5 9400 2.38 59.67 6695.45 2553.05 1.62 659.5 9457 1.50 39.52 9912.99 1623.22 1.53 663.5 9514 2.31 51.12 15616.04 2391.56 2.02 667.5 9571 2.48 55.90 18056.34 2557.96 2.04 671.5 9628 3.02 58.18 14385.94 3390.99 2.64 675.5 9684 0.72 18.87 3438.51 1121.47 0.57 679.5 9741 2.07 43.29 15558.94 2270.02 1.89 683.5 9797 2.29 45.68 18446.28 2528.93 1.97 687.5 9854 2.13 35.77 9458.03 2105.83 2.16