Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho Geochemical and Mineralogical Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho Geochemical and Mineralogical Data LAST UPDATE: 3/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Walter E. Dean, U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-028 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Dean, W.E. 2009. Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho Geochemical and Mineralogical Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-028. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Dean, W.E. 2009. Endogenic carbonate sedimentation in Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho over the last two glacial-interglacial cycles, in Rosenbaum, J.G., and Kaufman, D.S., eds., Paleoenvironments of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, and Its Catchment. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 450, ISBN: 9780813724508 GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Western North America PERIOD OF RECORD: 25 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: U.S. Geological Survey DESCRIPTION: Piston cores were collected in 1996 from three localities in Bear Lake using the University of Minnesota, Limnological Research Center's (UMN-LRC) Kullenberg coring system (Dean et al., 2006). Core BL96-1 is 5 m long from a water depth of 50 m. Core BL96-2 is 4 m long from a water depth of 40 m. Core BL96-3 is 4 m long from a water depth of 30 m. Overlapping cores provide a 25,000-year record. Unknown amounts of sediments were missing from the tops of the piston cores, so surface sediments (up to 50 cm) were collected with a gravity corer in 1998 (Dean et al., 2007). Core BL98-4 is 17 cm m long from a water depth of 30 m. Core BL98-6 is 20 cm long from a water depth of 30 m. Core BL98-9 is 30 cm long from a water depth of 40 m. Core BL98-10 is 36 cm long from a water depth of 40 m. Core BL98-12 is 38 cm long from a water depth of 30 m. Core BL98-13 is 36 cm long from a water depth of 30 m. Piston cores and gravity cores were collected at five localities at the northern end of the lake in 2002. Geochemical and mineralogical data were collected on two of the piston cores and gravity cores from the same localities. Core BL02-3PC is 475 cm long and BL02-3GC is 15 cm long, both from a water depth of 40 m. Core BL02-4PC is 380 cm long and BL02-4GC is 40 cm long, both from a water depth of 30 m. The data set includes files of carbon data, X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogy, carbon- and oxygen-isotope data on bulk carbonate, Sr isotope data on bulk carbonate, and HCl-leach chemistry. Not all data were collected on sediments from all cores. Bear Lake: 42°0'N, 111°20'W, 1805m elev. BEAR LAKE METHODS: Carbon Analyses Concentrations of total carbon and inorganic (total carbonate) carbon were determined by coulometry (Engleman and, others, 1985) in USGS laboratories in Denver, CO. Inorganic carbon (IC) in the untreated sample is reacted with perchloric acid to liberate CO2, which is then titrated in a coulometer cell to measure carbonate carbon. Total carbon (TC) is measured by liberating CO2 by combustion of an untreated sample and titrating the CO2. Values of organic carbon (OC) were determined by difference between TC and IC. Replicate analyses demonstrate the coulometer technique has a precision of better than ±1% for both carbonate and total carbon. Percent CaCO3 was calculated by dividing percent carbonate carbon by 0.12, the fraction of carbon in CaCO3. Reference: Engleman, E. E., Jackson, L. L., Norton, D. R., and Fischer, A. G., 1985, Determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials by coulometric titration. Chemical Geology, v. 53, p. 125-128. Isotope Analyses Measurements of ratios of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen were made on aliquots of the carbon samples (see Dean et al., 2006, 2007 for methods). Isotope measurements on samples from the 1996 cores, 1998 cores, and sediment traps were made in the stable isotope laboratory at the University of Minnesota. Isotope measurements on samples from the 2002 cores were made in the stable isotope laboratory at the University of Arizona. Results of analyses are reported in the usual per mil (‰) d-notation relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) marine-carbonate standard for carbon and oxygen: d‰=[(Rsample/RVPDB)-1]x103 where R is the ratio (13C:12C) or (18O:16O). Measurements of Sr isotope ratios (86Sr/87Sr) were made on samples from six cores, in Samples were leached in 5M acetic acid, and the leachate was centrifuged and purified with conventional ion-exchange methods. Samples were loaded on a single tantalum filament with phosphoric acid. Isotope ratios were measured with an automated VG54 sector multi-collector, thermal ionization mass spectrometer in dynamic mode. Mass dependent fractionation was corrected assuming a 86Sr/87Sr ratio of 0.1194. Strontium isotope ratios are reported relative to SRM-987 standard value of 0.71025. X-ray Diffraction Analyses Semi-quantitative estimates of mineral contents in splits of the carbon samples were determined by standard X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques (e.g., Moore and Reynolds, 1989) in USGS laboratories in Denver, CO. Each sample was packed into an aluminum holder and scanned from 15° to 50° 2Q at 2° 2Q/min using Ni-filtered, Cu-Ka radiation at 45 kv, 30 ma, and peak intensities recorded as counts per second (cps). Results are reported as the peak intensity of the main XRD peak for each mineral. Reference: Moore, D.M., and Reynolds, R.C., Jr., 1989. X-ray diffraction and identification and analysis of clay minerals. Oxford University Press, 332 pp. Inorganic Geochemical Analyses Samples for inorganic geochemical analyses were leached in 3N HCl overnight, and the supernatant was analyzed by inductively coupled, argon-plasma, atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for major components (percent) Ca, Fe, and Mg, and minor components (parts per million, ppm) Na, Mn, Ba, Sr and Li (Bischoff et al., 2005). Reference: Bischoff, J.L., Simmons, K., and Shamp, D.D., 2005. Geochemistry of sediments in Bear Lake cores and sediment traps. U.S. Geol. Survey, Open-File Report 2005-1215. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1215. Abbreviations: cmblf, centimeters below lake floor; ICP, inductively coupled, argon-plasma, emission spectrometry; XRD, X-ray diffraction; VPDB, Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite marine-carbonate standard for carbon and oxygen isotopes DATA: 1. BL02-4PC carbon Depth depth in core in cm below lake floor % TC percent total carbon by coulometry % IC percent inorganic carbon by coulometry % OC percent organic carbon by difference between TC and IC % CaCO3 percent calcium carbonate = % IC/0.12 Depth %TC %IC %OC %CaCO3 11 10.32 7.64 2.68 63.67 12 10.38 7.55 2.83 62.92 13 10.65 7.71 2.94 64.25 14 10.59 7.65 2.94 63.75 15 10.55 7.55 3 62.92 16 10.18 7.26 2.92 60.5 17 10.39 7.4 2.99 61.67 18 10.59 7.61 2.98 63.42 19 10.54 7.63 2.91 63.58 20 10.36 7.57 2.79 63.08 21 10.6 7.57 3.03 63.08 22 10.28 24 10.05 7.32 2.73 61 25 10.31 7.4 2.91 61.67 26 10.2 7.44 2.76 62 27 10.22 7.35 2.87 61.25 28 10.07 7.26 2.81 60.5 29 10.14 7.38 2.76 61.5 30 10.22 7.38 2.84 61.5 31 10.39 7.44 2.95 62 32 10.07 7.37 2.7 61.42 33 10.3 7.51 2.79 62.58 34 10.12 7.43 2.69 61.92 35 10.11 7.44 2.67 62 36 9.83 7.28 2.55 60.67 37 9.94 7.37 2.57 61.42 38 10.22 7.3 2.92 60.83 39 10 7.28 2.72 60.67 40 9.72 7.19 2.53 59.92 41 9.8 7.35 2.45 61.25 42 9.71 7.26 2.45 60.5 43 9.66 7.26 2.4 60.5 44 9.24 7.06 2.18 58.83 45 9.52 7.24 2.28 60.33 46 9.36 7.09 2.27 59.08 47 9.25 7.15 2.1 59.58 48 8.97 6.99 1.98 58.25 49 9.01 7.02 1.99 58.5 50 8.95 6.99 1.96 58.25 51 8.81 6.99 1.82 58.25 52 8.76 6.94 1.82 57.83 53 8.91 7.06 1.85 58.83 54 9.05 7.41 1.64 61.75 55 9.39 7.38 2.01 61.5 56 9.52 7.14 2.38 59.5 57 9.48 7.54 1.94 62.83 58 9.63 7.39 2.24 61.58 59 9.51 7.38 2.13 61.5 60 9.57 7.57 2 63.08 61 9.57 7.74 1.83 64.5 62 9.73 7.88 1.85 65.67 63 9.73 7.88 1.85 65.67 64 9.62 7.85 1.77 65.42 65 9.71 66 9.48 7.6 1.88 63.33 67 9.54 68 9.32 7.55 1.77 62.92 69 9.14 7.42 1.72 61.83 70 9.14 7.28 1.86 60.67 71 8.81 7.11 1.7 59.25 72 8.56 7 1.56 58.33 72 8.56 6.97 1.59 58.08 73 8.32 6.78 1.54 56.5 74 7.91 75 7.85 6.47 1.38 53.92 76 7.7 6.4 1.3 53.33 76 7.7 6.39 1.31 53.25 77 7.81 6.34 1.47 52.83 78 7.52 6.18 1.34 51.5 80 7.7 5.4 2.3 45 80 7.07 5.41 1.66 45.08 81 6.49 5.43 1.06 45.25 82 6.47 5.28 1.19 44 83 6.19 5.28 0.91 44 84 6.63 5.7 0.93 47.5 85 8.31 7.21 1.1 60.08 91 8.59 7.63 0.96 63.58 92 8.92 7.8 1.12 65 93 9.08 7.86 1.22 65.5 94 9.12 7.88 1.24 65.67 95 9.13 8.09 1.04 67.42 96 9.47 8.27 1.2 68.92 97 9.42 8.19 1.23 68.25 98 9.41 8.2 1.21 68.33 99 8.76 8.1 0.66 67.5 100 8.93 7.88 1.05 65.67 101 8.51 7.75 0.76 64.58 102 8.09 7.16 0.93 59.67 103 7.16 6.33 0.83 52.75 104 9.27 8.12 1.15 67.67 105 7.99 7.33 0.66 61.08 106 9.31 8.09 1.22 67.42 107 7.55 6.93 0.62 57.75 108 9.07 7.92 1.15 66 109 7.68 6.89 0.79 57.42 110 6.84 6.32 0.52 52.67 111 7.95 7.05 0.9 58.75 112 8.88 7.74 1.14 64.5 113 8.61 7.52 1.09 62.67 114 8.79 7.53 1.26 62.75 115 8.35 7.09 1.26 59.08 116 7.06 6.85 0.21 57.08 117 8.09 6.83 1.26 56.92 118 8.15 6.81 1.34 56.75 119 8.28 7.27 1.01 60.58 120 8.35 7.24 1.11 60.33 121 7.39 6.86 0.53 57.17 122 6.55 5.92 0.63 49.33 123 7.25 6.6 0.65 55 125 8.57 6.38 2.19 53.17 126 8.37 6.92 1.45 57.67 127 7.82 6.9 0.92 57.5 128 8.15 6.8 1.35 56.67 129 6.99 6.08 0.91 50.67 130 8.15 5.95 2.2 49.58 131 6.27 6.2 0.07 51.67 132 7.6 5.69 1.91 47.42 134 6.58 6.09 0.49 50.75 135 7.14 5.27 1.87 43.92 136 8.65 5.94 2.71 49.5 139 6.76 5.85 0.91 48.75 140 6.86 5.9 0.96 49.17 141 6.75 5.96 0.79 49.67 142 6.97 6.04 0.93 50.33 143 6.07 5.42 0.65 45.17 144 7.07 6.86 0.21 57.17 145 6.5 5.92 0.58 49.33 146 7.41 6.42 0.99 53.5 147 7.39 6.36 1.03 53 148 7.17 6.42 0.75 53.5 149 5.75 5.21 0.54 43.42 150 7.5 6.35 1.15 52.92 151 7.03 6.39 0.64 53.25 152 6.96 6.06 0.9 50.5 153 6.2 5.25 0.95 43.75 155 6.56 5.62 0.94 46.83 156 6.8 5.65 1.15 47.08 157 6.83 5.62 1.21 46.83 158 6.35 5.58 0.77 46.5 159 5.93 5.69 0.24 47.42 160 6.76 5.78 0.98 48.17 161 6.87 5.74 1.13 47.83 162 7.56 6.47 1.09 53.92 163 7.71 6.54 1.17 54.5 164 7.14 6.42 0.72 53.5 165 7.65 6.37 1.28 53.08 167 7.44 6.12 1.32 51 168 6.97 6.16 0.81 51.33 169 7.64 6.52 1.12 54.33 170 7.1 6.37 0.73 53.08 171 7.65 6.43 1.22 53.58 173 7.49 6.15 1.34 51.25 174 7.68 6.33 1.35 52.75 175 7.67 6.34 1.33 52.83 176 7.66 6.34 1.32 52.83 177 7.61 6.16 1.45 51.33 178 7.53 6.09 1.44 50.75 180 7.45 5.52 1.93 46 181 8.36 6.35 2.01 52.92 182 7.94 6.55 1.39 54.58 183 7.73 6.37 1.36 53.08 184 7.8 6.06 1.74 50.5 185 7.88 6.51 1.37 54.25 187 8.1 6.81 1.29 56.75 188 8.26 6.47 1.79 53.92 189 8.08 6.41 1.67 53.42 190 8.21 6.74 1.47 56.17 191 8.38 6.93 1.45 57.75 192 8.42 6.89 1.53 57.42 193 7.9 6.91 0.99 57.58 195 8.65 7.05 1.6 58.75 196 8.75 7.34 1.41 61.17 197 8.89 7.38 1.51 61.5 198 9.11 7.22 1.89 60.17 199 9.31 7.25 2.06 60.42 200 8.76 7.21 1.55 60.08 201 8.66 7.15 1.51 59.58 202 8.89 7.11 1.78 59.25 203 8.62 6.97 1.65 58.08 204 8.39 6.83 1.56 56.92 205 8.25 6.72 1.53 56 206 8.06 6.54 1.52 54.5 207 7.95 6.29 1.66 52.42 208 8.18 6.62 1.56 55.17 209 8.06 6.44 1.62 53.67 210 7.95 6.36 1.59 53 211 7.72 6.34 1.38 52.83 212 8 6.25 1.75 52.08 213 7.91 6.27 1.64 52.25 214 7.82 6.21 1.61 51.75 216 7.85 6.58 1.27 54.83 217 7.89 6.44 1.45 53.67 219 7.78 6.31 1.47 52.58 220 7.65 6.17 1.48 51.42 221 7.4 6.26 1.14 52.17 222 7.85 6.37 1.48 53.08 223 6.17 53.08 224 7.81 6.24 1.57 52 225 7.49 6.17 1.32 51.42 226 7.65 5.97 1.68 49.75 227 7.28 5.44 1.84 45.33 228 6.71 4.79 1.92 39.92 229 6.28 4.42 1.86 36.83 230 7.76 232 6.24 4.51 1.73 37.58 233 6.31 4.64 1.67 38.67 234 6.17 4.58 1.59 38.17 235 6.21 4.51 1.7 37.58 236 6 4.35 1.65 36.25 237 6.08 4.4 1.68 36.67 238 5.87 4.34 1.53 36.17 239 5.86 4.25 1.61 35.42 240 5.73 4.11 1.62 34.25 241 5.79 4 1.79 33.33 242 5.98 4.35 1.63 36.25 243 6.44 4.53 1.91 37.75 244 6.34 4.66 1.68 38.83 245 6.22 4.51 1.71 37.58 246 6.2 4.6 1.6 38.33 247 6.37 4.61 1.76 38.42 248 6.45 4.71 1.74 39.25 249 6.44 4.6 1.84 38.33 250 6.32 4.77 1.55 39.75 251 6.26 4.67 1.59 38.92 252 6.31 4.64 1.67 38.67 253 6.21 4.64 1.57 38.67 254 6.17 4.6 1.57 38.33 256 6.12 4.54 1.58 37.83 257 5.96 4.44 1.52 37 258 5.69 4.14 1.55 34.5 259 5.69 4.23 1.46 35.25 260 5.76 4.07 1.69 33.92 261 5.75 4.05 1.7 33.75 262 5.71 4.12 1.59 34.33 263 5.92 4.25 1.67 35.42 264 6.04 4.27 1.77 35.58 265 6.05 4.32 1.73 36 266 6.04 4.38 1.66 36.5 267 6.32 4.61 1.71 38.42 268 5.96 4.23 1.73 35.25 269 6.1 4.32 1.78 36 270 6.06 4.44 1.62 37 271 6.31 4.64 1.67 38.67 272 6.33 4.53 1.8 37.75 274 5.98 4.37 1.61 36.42 275 6.16 4.39 1.77 36.58 276 6.21 4.42 1.79 36.83 277 6.08 4.41 1.67 36.75 278 5.95 4.39 1.56 36.58 279 5.84 4.18 1.66 34.83 280 5.67 3.93 1.74 32.75 281 5.74 4.06 1.68 33.83 2. BL02-4PC Stable Isotopes Depth (cmblf) depth in core in cm below lake floor 13C (VPDB) delta 13C relative to standard VPDB 18O (VPDB) delta 18O relative to standard VPDB Depth 13C 18O 11 3.07 -4.15 12 3.09 -3.94 13 3.19 -3.81 14 3.12 -4.05 15 3.11 -4.02 16 3.14 -3.94 17 3.11 -3.69 18 3.18 -3.9 19 3.08 -3.99 20 3.1 -3.86 21 2.98 -4.12 22 3.41 -3.05 23 3.25 -3.17 24 3.13 -3.72 25 3.05 -3.38 26 3.07 -3.67 27 3 -3.65 28 3.23 -3.63 29 3.21 -3.57 30 3.25 -3.46 31 3.06 -3.84 32 3.18 -3.61 33 3.12 -3.63 34 3.1 -3.7 35 3.13 -3.7 36 3.2 -3.65 37 3.01 -3.51 38 3.18 -3.62 39 3.05 -3.64 40 3.09 -3.44 41 3.07 -3.74 42 3.1 -3.75 43 2.98 -3.65 44 2.93 -3.86 45 2.77 -3.86 46 2.89 -3.87 47 2.96 -3.76 48 2.84 -4.02 49 2.82 -3.94 50 2.64 -4.15 51 2.59 -4.05 52 2.61 -4.15 53 2.61 -4.45 54 2.59 -4.34 55 2.69 -4.12 56 2.86 -3.94 57 2.88 -4.09 58 2.81 -3.99 59 2.99 -4.16 60 3.01 -3.88 61 2.7 -4.27 62 2.84 -4.05 63 3.08 -4.22 64 2.9 -4.03 65 3 -4.24 66 2.65 -4.07 67 2.81 -4.37 68 2.83 -4.1 69 2.88 -4.14 70 2.54 -4.4 71 2.66 -4.57 72 2.65 -4.44 73 2.78 -4.45 74 2.77 -4.39 75 2.63 -4.46 76 2.76 -4.3 77 2.39 -4.38 78 2.34 -4.69 79 80 1.89 -5.14 81 1.53 -4.6 82 1.64 -5.04 83 1.66 -5.12 84 1.89 -5.37 85 2.21 -5.22 86 2.21 -5.43 87 2.12 -5.34 88 2.24 -5.28 89 2.14 -5.54 90 2.26 -5.53 91 2.23 -5.45 92 2.37 -5.34 93 2.34 -5.45 94 2.43 -5.41 95 2.41 -5.25 96 2.55 -5.21 97 2.53 -5.38 98 2.44 -5.31 99 2.41 -5.53 100 2.45 -5.32 101 2.54 -5.41 102 2.49 -5.12 103 2.49 -5.21 104 2.48 -5.18 105 2.33 -5.14 106 2.53 -4.97 107 2.38 -4.78 108 2.59 -5.09 109 2.45 -5.01 110 2.43 -5.17 111 2.47 -5.09 112 2.55 -5.44 113 2.49 -5.05 114 2.53 -4.99 115 2.44 -4.66 116 2.61 -4.34 117 2.6 -4.33 118 2.44 -4.63 119 2.32 -4.4 120 2.57 -4.39 121 2.49 -4.86 122 2.36 -4.74 123 2.47 -4.58 124 2.42 -4.79 125 2.47 -4.85 126 2.32 -5.23 127 2.39 -5.12 128 1.95 -5.18 129 2.27 -5.32 130 2.1 -5.45 131 2.08 -5.24 132 2.1 -5.45 133 2.14 -5.58 134 1.93 -5.85 135 1.7 -6.14 136 1.95 -5.83 137 1.57 -6.4 138 1.73 -5.92 139 1.62 -6.28 140 1.71 -6.55 141 1.75 -6.51 142 1.71 -6.43 143 1.76 -6.57 144 1.84 -6.42 145 1.82 -6.64 146 1.72 -6.74 147 1.65 -6.64 148 1.69 -6.86 149 1.89 -6.84 150 1.89 -6.73 151 1.86 -6.99 152 1.68 -7.26 153 1.71 -7.36 154 1.35 -7.53 155 1.04 -7.87 156 0.86 -7.95 157 0.72 -8 158 0.51 -8.23 159 0.65 -7.91 160 0.56 -8.09 161 0.64 -8.17 162 0.71 -8.12 163 0.8 -7.67 164 0.74 -8.07 165 0.77 -7.96 166 0.79 -8.05 167 0.65 -8.42 168 0.7 -8.38 169 0.77 -8.37 170 0.69 -8.54 171 0.78 -8.47 172 0.96 -8.51 173 0.99 -8.19 174 0.92 -8.2 175 0.99 -8.01 176 1.56 -7.78 177 178 2.05 -7.41 179 2.48 -7.36 180 2.52 -7.03 181 2.33 -5.24 182 2.2 -5.5 183 2.12 -5.39 184 2.15 -5.62 185 2.15 -5.47 186 2.16 -5.68 187 1.93 -6.12 188 1.93 -6.12 189 1.98 -6.15 190 2.02 -6.25 191 1.97 -6.32 192 2.01 -6.44 193 2.19 -6.18 194 0.88 -9.36 195 0.94 -8.92 196 1.86 -6 197 1.86 -6.63 198 1.97 -6.43 199 1.84 -6.61 200 1.89 -6.74 201 1.96 -6.82 202 2 -6.65 203 1.83 -6.99 204 1.81 -6.9 205 0.88 -7.69 206 1.78 -7.05 207 1.72 -7.3 208 1.37 -7.47 209 1.37 -7.55 210 1.26 -7.47 211 1.15 -7.53 212 1.06 -7.6 213 1.07 -7.56 214 1 -7.7 215 0.93 -9.11 216 0.61 -9.09 217 1.02 -7.68 218 1.02 -7.68 219 1.05 -7.87 220 1.14 -7.7 221 1.11 -7.97 222 1.2 -7.86 223 1.16 -7.84 224 1.21 -7.86 225 1.25 -8.4 226 1.13 -8.41 227 0.94 -9.02 228 1 -8.86 229 0.8 -9.08 230 0.21 -9.66 231 -0.27 -10 232 -0.22 -9.92 233 -0.04 -9.43 234 -0.25 -9.91 235 -0.52 -10.31 236 -0.39 -10.04 237 -0.37 -10.28 238 -0.72 -10.44 239 -0.53 -10.48 240 -0.73 -10.87 241 -0.75 -10.36 242 -0.97 -10.85 243 -0.86 -10.55 244 -0.77 -10.54 245 -0.78 -10.74 246 -0.79 -10.54 247 -0.79 -10.84 248 -0.76 -10.67 249 -0.84 -10.9 250 -0.92 -10.9 251 -1.03 -10.92 252 -0.9 -9.94 253 1.95 -6.45 254 1.02 -7.71 255 -0.95 -11.26 256 -1 -10.97 257 -1.06 -11.15 258 -1.05 -11.07 259 -0.93 -10.96 260 -0.76 -10.4 261 -0.74 -10.33 262 -0.98 -10.69 263 -0.85 -10.68 264 -0.57 -10.32 265 -0.59 -10.35 266 -0.58 -10.33 267 -0.57 -10.36 268 -1.05 -10.77 269 -0.73 -10.21 270 -1.01 -11 271 -0.87 -11.02 272 -0.88 -10.71 273 -0.78 -10.84 274 -0.97 -10.74 275 -1.25 -11.1 276 -0.99 -10.8 277 -1.19 -10.95 278 -0.97 -10.81 279 -1 -10.79 280 -1.52 -11.23 281 -1.29 -10.99 291 -1.11 -11 292 -0.91 -10.79 293 -0.94 -10.87 294 -0.9 -10.96 295 -0.98 -11.21 296 -0.89 -10.92 297 -0.95 -10.74 298 -0.82 -10.92 299 -0.78 -11.01 300 -0.8 -11 301 -0.58 -10.74 302 -0.73 -10.72 303 -0.66 -10.7 304 -0.47 -10.85 305 -0.73 -11.04 306 -0.65 -10.83 307 0.36 -9.37 308 -0.85 -11.21 309 -0.68 -10.71 310 -0.45 -10.93 311 -0.82 -10.84 312 -0.99 -11.06 313 -0.76 -11.12 314 -0.92 -11.23 315 -0.81 -11.07 316 -0.84 -10.89 317 -0.73 -10.83 318 -0.48 -10.73 319 -0.58 -10.94 320 -0.3 -10.49 321 -0.32 -10.68 322 -0.28 -10.74 323 -0.28 -10.68 324 -0.23 -10.65 325 -0.38 -10.33 326 -0.29 -10.67 327 -0.43 -10.65 328 -0.25 -10.27 329 -0.56 -10.56 330 -0.26 -10.41 331 -0.64 -10.94 332 -0.28 -10.54 333 -0.54 -10.72 334 -0.35 -11 335 -0.23 -11.02 336 -0.19 -10.98 337 -0.1 -10.67 338 -0.18 -10.98 339 -0.36 -11.08 340 -0.39 -10.94 341 -0.64 -11.04 342 -0.32 -10.8 343 -0.68 -11.05 344 -0.73 -10.23 345 -0.96 -9.98 346 -0.93 -9.46 347 -0.93 -9.5 348 0.95 -8.85 349 -0.63 -8.98 350 -0.77 -9.14 351 -0.94 -9.47 352 -1.16 -9.1 353 -1.1 -9.6 354 -0.99 -8.71 355 -1.3 -9.73 356 -1.23 -9.7 357 -1.27 -9.45 358 -1.25 -9.86 359 -1.25 -9.96 360 -1.33 -10 361 -1.54 -9.31 362 -1.33 -8.62 363 -1.78 -9.62 364 -2.02 -9.8 365 -1.93 -9.23 366 -1.84 -9.84 367 -1.98 -9.64 368 -1.67 -8.61 369 -2.09 -9.73 370 -2.28 -9.81 371 -1.8 -8.32 372 -2.17 -9.39 373 -2.29 -9.61 374 -2.35 -9.39 375 -1.95 -9.66 376 -2.31 -9.84 377 -1.88 -8.89 378 -2.22 -9.68 379 -2.09 -9.37 380 -2.28 -9.86 3. BL02-4PC XRD Depth (cmblf) depth in core in cm below lake floor quartz (cps) XRD quartz peak intensity in counts per second plagioclase (cps) XRD plagioclase peak intensity in counts per second aragonite (cps) XRD aragonite peak intensity in counts per second dolomite (cps) XRD dolomite peak intensity in counts per second calcite (cps) XRD calcite peak intensity in counts per second Depth Quartz Plag. Arag. Dolo. Calcite 8 998 1394 138 385 12 897 166 1331 348 333 16 1083 172 1321 238 324 20 1057 175 1428 142 312 24 1134 1418 142 453 28 936 1367 363 32 994 1233 159 376 36 753 146 1365 220 423 40 1137 1327 179 435 44 1121 217 1309 202 444 48 1014 249 1398 206 390 52 1243 1272 194 563 56 1285 1276 142 451 60 1082 999 1348 188 564 64 1267 282 1502 153 305 68 1350 186 1313 266 446 72 1930 1207 224 522 76 2104 178 1188 373 560 80 3138 911 1058 800 714 84 2920 454 823 1191 942 88 1166 226 1295 257 390 92 858 177 1438 221 321 96 789 1596 142 314 100 693 1481 163 282 104 871 1517 178 284 108 1099 149 1518 149 400 112 1223 155 1347 191 402 116 975 165 1105 195 438 120 1073 229 1322 255 568 124 1437 227 1270 216 466 128 1692 188 1249 457 504 132 2108 210 1058 403 991 136 2129 307 1073 477 596 140 2003 472 944 449 712 144 1913 310 1086 288 724 148 1474 189 994 297 954 152 1651 385 659 346 1507 156 1702 235 290 244 2308 160 1368 254 243 210 2823 164 1676 172 218 195 3000 168 1590 260 310 270 2610 172 1974 351 399 294 2459 176 1323 366 757 360 1210 180 1848 302 1000 316 935 182 2017 1181 253 606 186 1628 1182 226 798 190 1885 1184 686 368 194 1936 1345 306 718 198 1553 1285 347 886 202 1781 1116 402 1144 206 1978 816 392 1491 210 1820 287 554 2423 214 1699 202 329 2740 218 1949 158 384 3018 222 2121 555 3282 226 3523 680 2122 230 2439 417 2727 234 2545 332 2690 238 2532 432 2898 242 2144 376 3033 246 2241 320 3902 250 2157 404 2932 254 2423 443 2758 258 2356 307 2817 262 2437 456 3098 266 2251 343 2994 270 1904 333 2808 274 1993 349 3226 4. BL02-4PC Sr isotopes Depth (cmblf) depth in core in cm below lake floor 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 87Sr to 86Sr Depth 87Sr/86Sr 6 0.70945 10 0.71023 13 0.71027 20 0.71034 21 0.71032 22 0.71033 30 0.71029 40 0.7103 50 0.71026 53 0.71025 60 0.7103 70 0.71027 80 0.71017 90 0.71012 100 0.71017 110 0.71015 112 0.71011 120 0.70998 130 0.70993 140 0.70983 150 0.70967 160 0.70943 164 0.70944 168 0.70948 170 0.7095 172 0.70952 176 0.7096 178 0.70961 180 0.70967 182 0.70991 189 0.71007 200 0.71003 209 0.70997 220 0.70982 225 0.70978 240 0.70964 249 0.70958 260 0.70962 268 0.7096 275 0.70959 5. BL02-4GC Carbon Depth (cmblf) depth in core in cm below lake floor % TC percent total carbon by coulometry % IC percent inorganic carbon by coulometry % OC percent organic carbon by difference between TC and IC % CaCO3 percent calcium carbonate = % IC/0.12 Depth %TC %IC %OC %CaCO3 1 8.68 6.33 2.35 52.75 2 8.62 6.78 1.84 56.5 3 8.84 6.78 2.06 56.5 4 8.59 6.78 1.81 56.5 5 8.75 6.8 1.95 56.67 6 8.8 6.76 2.04 56.33 7 8.6 6.78 1.82 56.5 8 9.17 7.1 2.07 59.17 9 10.07 7.31 2.76 60.92 10 10.11 7.51 2.6 62.58 11 10.24 7.61 2.63 63.42 12 10.41 7.65 2.76 63.75 13 10.52 7.64 2.88 63.67 14 10.38 7.65 2.73 63.75 15 10.48 7.71 2.77 64.25 16 10.44 7.66 2.78 63.83 17 10.32 7.46 2.86 62.17 18 10.23 7.39 2.84 61.58 19 10.29 7.69 2.6 64.08 20 10.36 7.57 2.79 63.08 21 10.25 7.58 2.67 63.17 22 10.13 7.52 2.61 62.67 23 10.15 7.56 2.59 63 24 10.18 7.51 2.67 62.58 25 9.97 7.25 2.72 60.42 26 9.96 7.24 2.72 60.33 27 9.98 7.23 2.75 60.25 28 10.05 7.43 2.62 61.92 29 9.92 7.33 2.59 61.08 30 9.9 7.34 2.56 61.17 31 9.89 7.3 2.59 60.83 32 9.92 7.34 2.58 61.17 33 9.72 7.3 2.42 60.83 34 9.98 7.27 2.71 60.58 35 9.82 7.26 2.56 60.5 36 9.74 7.16 2.58 59.67 37 9.74 7.21 2.53 60.08 38 9.54 7.15 2.39 59.58 6. BL02-4GC Stable isotopes Depth (cmblf) depth in core in cm below lake floor 13C (VPDB) delta 13C relative to standard VPDB 18O (VPDB) delta 18O relative to standard VPDB Depth 13C 18O 0 0.497 -7.337 1 0.574 -7.502 2 0.505 -7.477 3 0.466 -7.539 4 0.521 -7.681 5 0.959 -7.149 6 1.339 -6.554 7 2.184 -5.62 8 2.531 -5.222 9 2.9 -4.577 10 3.031 -4.424 11 2.829 -4.21 12 3.019 -4.27 13 3.092 -3.989 14 2.989 -4.158 15 3.118 -4.15 16 2.995 -4.126 17 3.034 -4.165 18 3.074 -3.938 19 3.052 -4.032 20 2.828 -4.309 21 3.048 -4.186 22 2.997 -4.132 23 3.096 -3.908 24 3.109 -3.833 25 3.107 -3.952 26 3.004 -3.871 27 3.143 -3.844 28 3.217 -3.904 29 3.1 -3.796 30 3.15 -3.67 30 3.233 -3.623 31 3.27 -3.42 32 3.28 -3.48 33 3.029 -3.872 34 3.047 -3.847 35 3.098 -3.792 36 2.991 -3.832 37 2.956 -3.912 38 2.903 -3.683 7. BL02-4GC-XRD Depth (cmblf) depth in core in cm below lake floor quartz (cps) XRD quartz peak intensity in counts per second aragonite (cps) XRD aragonite peak intensity in counts per second dolomite (cps) XRD dolomite peak intensity in counts per second calcite (cps) XRD low-Mg calcite peak intensity in counts per second Mg-cal (cps) XRD high-Mg calcite peak intensity in counts per second Depth Quartz Arag. Dolo. Calc. Mg-calcite 0 1266 1094 296 660 711 1 1287 1085 202 722 711 2 1323 1159 162 566 692 3 1141 1086 213 605 645 4 1206 1142 148 508 537 5 1087 1234 202 544 308 6 939 1222 171 459 0 7 1079 1348 200 468 8 914 1349 148 363 9 837 1360 242 344 10 699 1325 193 520 11 1046 1303 133 394 12 955 1377 178 426 13 682 1350 220 356 14 758 1317 150 337 15 650 1267 149 329 16 717 1215 127 405 17 748 1386 156 689 18 725 1296 146 330 19 1036 1396 139 522 20 822 1441 289 330 21 817 1416 163 377 22 939 1492 141 426 23 895 1308 134 435 24 838 1269 149 419 25 928 1265 179 383 26 1010 1285 168 439 27 897 1290 150 411 28 1087 1358 166 445 29 885 1228 212 1000 30 877 1316 208 524 31 1013 1362 208 448 32 970 1388 163 473 33 1073 1304 232 463 34 1305 1317 270 403 35 982 1257 185 690 36 1630 1293 147 461 37 1005 1239 193 469 38 1181 1280 163 749