Dongdao Island 1000 Year Grain Size and Stable Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Dongdao Island 1000 Year Grain Size and Stable Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 5/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Yan, H., L. Sun, D.W. Oppo, Y. Wang, Z. Liu, Z. Xie, X. Liu, and W. Cheng. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-070 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Yan, H., et al. 2011. Dongdao Island 1000 Year Grain Size and Stable Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-070. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Yan, H., L. Sun, D.W. Oppo, Y. Wang, Z. Liu, Z. Xie, X. Liu, and W. Cheng. 2011. South China Sea hydrological changes and Pacific Walker Circulation  variations over the last millennium. Nature Communications, 2:293 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1297 ABSTRACT: The relative importance of north-south migrations of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) versus El Niño-Southern Oscillation and its associated Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC) variability for past hydrological change in the western tropical Pacific is unclear. Here we show that north-south ITCZ migration was not the only mechanism of tropical Pacific hydrologic variability during the last millennium, and that PWC variability profoundly influenced tropical Pacific hydrology. We present hydrological reconstructions from Cattle Pond, Dongdao Island of the South China Sea, where multi-decadal rainfall and downcore grain size variations are correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index during the instrumental era. Our downcore grain size reconstructions indicate that this site received less precipitation during relatively warm periods, AD 1000-1400 and AD 1850-2000, compared with the cool period (AD 1400-1850). Including our new reconstructions in a synthesis of tropical Pacific records results in a spatial pattern of hydrologic variability that implicates the PWC. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: South China Sea PERIOD OF RECORD: 1024 - 2003 AD FUNDING SOURCES: Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (40730107), Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No.2010CB428902), US National Science Foundation. DESCRIPTION: Sediment mean grain size (MGS) and stable isotope (d13C and d18O) data from 3 cores collected in Cattle Pond, Dongdao Island, South China Sea, covering the last 1000 years. Cattle Pond, Dongdao Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea: 16.7°N, 112.7°E DATA: 1. Supplementary Table S1. AMS 14C dating results. AMS 14C dates and calibrated ages of the sediment cores from the Cattle Pond on the Dongdao Island. Column 1: Laboratory Number Column 2: Sample Number Column 3: Dated Material Column 4: Depth (cm) Column 5: 14C Conventional Age (yr BP) Column 6: Calibrated Age (Calendar year BP) Intercept Column 7: Calibrated Age (Calendar year BP) 2 Sigma Conventional Calibrated Age Lab# Sample# Dated Material Depth 14CageYrBP Intercept 2 Sigma BA05842 DY4-21 Plant caryopsis 20-21 305±40 417, 314, 411 474-289 BA05843 DY4-36 Plant caryopsis 35-36 765±35 675 735-656 BA05844 DY4-45 Plant caryopsis 44-45 900±35 790 924-730 BA051074 DY4-58(1) Plant caryopsis 57-58 1020±30 932 970-804 BA051075 DY4-58(2) Plant caryopsis 57-58 985±30 926 953-794 BA051076 DY4-58(3) Plant caryopsis 57-58 980±30 925 951-793 BA051077 DY4-71(1) Plant caryopsis 70-71 1025±30 933 971-917 BA051078 DY4-71(2) Plant caryopsis 70-71 960±30 916 945-790 BA051079 DY4-71(3) Plant caryopsis 70-71 1010±40 930 972-795 BA051080 DY4-71(4) Plant caryopsis 70-71 965±30 919 947-790 BA05846 DY4-71(5) Plant caryopsis 70-71 995±35 928 966-794 BA05849 DY4-87 Plant caryopsis 86-87 1340±35 1284 1306-1181 BA03236 DY2-20 Bulk organic carbon 19-20 250±70 298 475-1 BA03237 DY2-54 Bulk organic carbon 53-54 850±60 738 923-667 BA03239 DY2-95 Bulk organic carbon 94.5 1440±65 1327 1510-1262 BA03240 DY2-C1 Plant caryopsis 94.5 1360±40 1288 1331-1184 2. Supplementary Table S2. 210Pb dating results. 210Pb activity (unsupported), cumulative dry mass and modeled ages of DY6. The 210Pb chronology was constructed by assuming constant rate of supply (CRS) and relating the exponential 210Pb decay profiles with the cumulative dry mass - depth profiles as determined using bulk density measurements (DY6) and using a CRS computer model. dpm/g = decays per minute per gram dry sediment. Column 1: Depth (cm) Column 2: 210Pb Activity (dpm/g)(±4) Column 3: Cum.dry mass (g/cm2) Column 4: Modeled age (yr AD) Depth 210PbAct. Cum.DryMass ModeledAge 0.25 197.754 0.38 2003 0.75 210.832 0.715 2001 1.25 174.692 1.095 1999 1.75 192.015 1.575 1997 2.25 164.671 2.085 1994 2.75 193.251 2.605 1991 3.25 170.714 3.125 1987 3.75 182.171 3.655 1983 4.25 174.539 4.215 1978 4.75 165.618 4.705 1972 5.25 129.575 5.225 1966 5.75 94.653 5.725 1960 6.25 90.397 6.255 1955 6.75 38.544 6.795 1949 7.25 51.885 7.275 1946 7.75 44.001 7.775 1942 8.25 45.197 8.205 1938 8.75 34.337 8.705 1934 9.25 32.268 9.175 1930 9.75 32.344 9.685 1926 10.25 35.541 10.225 1921 10.75 35.056 10.775 1914 11.25 32.592 11.265 1905 11.75 20.916 11.825 1895 12.25 18.541 12.365 1885 12.75 13.273 12.885 1873 13.25 26.407 13.465 1861 3. Cattle Pond, Dongdao Island Grain Size data, Yan et al. 2011, Figure 3. Mean Grain Size of sediments in DY2, DY4 and DY6 cores Column 1: Age (yr AD) Column 2: Core DY2 Mean Grain Size (mm*10-3) Column 3: Age (yr AD) Column 4: Core DY4 Mean Grain Size (mm*10-3) Column 5: Age (yr AD) Column 6: Core DY6 Mean Grain Size (mm*10-3) Age(AD) DY2-MGS Age(AD) DY4-MGS Age(AD) DY6-MGS 1996.00 46.00 1996.00 120.00 2003.00 104.80 1977.90 50.37 1978.00 180.00 2001.00 110.91 1959.80 52.19 1960.00 291.90 1999.00 84.31 1941.70 48.08 1942.00 155.00 1997.00 96.14 1923.60 51.75 1924.00 173.00 1994.00 99.31 1905.50 48.65 1906.00 260.00 1991.00 96.46 1887.40 53.94 1888.00 210.70 1987.00 62.55 1869.30 52.39 1870.00 185.50 1983.00 76.30 1851.20 51.64 1852.00 220.10 1978.00 160.90 1833.10 52.74 1834.00 198.50 1972.00 187.14 1815.00 53.75 1816.00 306.30 1966.00 110.90 1796.90 52.98 1798.00 142.90 1960.00 114.29 1778.80 56.10 1780.00 166.90 1955.00 136.87 1760.70 55.28 1762.00 237.10 1949.00 168.90 1742.60 54.36 1744.00 352.40 1946.00 131.73 1724.50 55.01 1726.00 265.60 1942.00 65.87 1706.40 58.97 1708.00 309.80 1938.00 88.35 1688.30 53.89 1690.00 405.40 1934.00 90.12 1670.20 58.12 1672.00 361.50 1930.00 63.23 1652.10 58.77 1654.00 366.70 1926.00 158.96 1639.16 60.89 1636.00 322.00 1921.00 184.82 1626.22 59.32 1611.93 234.90 1914.00 98.63 1613.28 63.65 1587.87 414.60 1905.00 143.74 1600.34 57.76 1563.80 569.60 1895.00 119.36 1587.40 63.31 1539.73 452.90 1885.00 149.88 1574.46 56.38 1515.67 320.10 1873.00 139.26 1561.52 56.53 1491.60 393.90 1861.00 225.52 1548.58 53.70 1467.53 335.30 1851.05 141.60 1535.64 54.85 1443.46 290.30 1841.10 149.12 1522.70 54.46 1419.40 235.50 1831.15 181.87 1509.76 58.84 1395.33 171.20 1821.20 180.33 1496.82 58.20 1371.26 221.40 1811.25 86.12 1483.88 58.65 1347.20 264.80 1801.30 190.51 1470.94 56.30 1323.13 366.40 1791.35 118.01 1458.00 52.65 1299.06 295.60 1781.40 116.07 1445.06 55.72 1275.00 288.10 1771.45 140.47 1432.12 57.89 1262.22 276.30 1761.50 127.43 1419.18 46.62 1249.44 263.50 1751.55 104.06 1406.24 48.51 1236.66 279.40 1741.60 122.47 1393.30 56.05 1223.88 202.40 1731.65 160.35 1380.36 48.74 1211.10 279.80 1721.70 133.98 1367.42 44.63 1198.32 252.80 1711.75 176.37 1354.48 50.16 1185.54 199.60 1701.80 135.93 1341.54 53.29 1172.76 189.20 1691.85 242.96 1328.60 47.30 1159.98 189.30 1681.90 180.21 1315.66 54.63 1148.65 177.20 1671.95 228.14 1302.72 52.53 1137.32 232.50 1662.00 222.75 1289.78 54.49 1125.99 170.00 1652.05 226.91 1276.84 53.73 1114.66 213.40 1647.09 253.87 1263.90 56.10 1103.33 351.80 1642.13 190.36 1250.96 57.05 1092.00 244.20 1637.17 202.66 1238.02 56.78 1080.67 253.60 1632.21 179.51 1225.08 51.14 1069.34 226.90 1627.25 152.67 1212.14 49.23 1058.01 216.20 1622.29 198.91 1205.66 55.28 1046.68 238.40 1617.33 228.35 1199.18 50.59 1035.35 249.00 1612.37 200.75 1192.70 55.87 1024.00 321.20 1607.41 237.57 1186.22 51.09 1602.45 169.30 1179.74 51.04 1597.49 191.42 1173.26 51.77 1592.53 246.14 1166.78 53.76 1587.57 156.32 1160.30 50.25 1582.61 126.76 1153.82 55.68 1577.65 165.73 1147.34 48.13 1572.69 127.91 1140.86 51.95 1567.73 230.97 1134.38 45.98 1562.77 117.75 1127.90 47.64 1557.81 114.27 1121.42 51.42 1552.85 87.14 1114.94 51.93 1547.89 136.84 1108.46 52.31 1542.93 143.25 1101.98 52.73 1537.97 180.56 1095.50 49.10 1533.01 123.39 1089.02 53.87 1528.05 175.97 1082.54 51.74 1523.09 136.11 1076.06 46.25 1518.13 137.19 1069.58 46.67 1513.17 195.07 1063.10 52.88 1508.21 198.03 1056.62 47.59 1503.25 126.51 1050.14 54.06 1498.29 140.22 1043.66 53.68 1493.33 157.11 1037.18 57.97 1488.37 99.81 1030.70 52.04 1483.41 104.05 1024.00 50.89 1478.45 86.08 1473.49 58.43 1468.53 62.30 1463.57 64.62 1458.61 86.28 1453.65 66.81 1448.69 81.78 1443.73 61.11 1438.77 103.30 1433.81 122.28 1428.85 77.93 1423.89 131.04 1418.93 143.55 1413.97 95.56 1409.01 97.33 1404.05 98.23 1399.09 39.10 1394.13 52.47 1389.17 61.81 1384.21 118.87 1379.25 78.19 1374.29 88.55 1369.33 145.02 1364.37 94.75 1359.41 66.89 1354.45 61.42 1349.49 52.26 1344.53 60.81 1339.57 85.53 1334.61 145.06 1329.65 89.94 1324.69 73.00 1319.73 65.79 1314.77 81.56 1309.81 109.51 1304.85 86.18 1299.89 88.32 1294.93 106.08 1289.97 108.87 1285.01 124.11 1280.05 115.42 1275.09 151.51 1270.67 122.36 1266.24 124.92 1261.82 98.60 1257.40 94.86 1252.98 83.52 1248.55 100.88 1244.13 89.71 1239.71 105.09 1235.28 78.56 1230.86 120.58 1226.44 103.78 1222.01 90.17 1217.59 93.56 1213.17 136.04 1208.75 100.02 1204.32 101.72 1199.90 132.92 1195.48 110.45 1191.05 71.95 1186.63 58.18 1182.21 22.44 1177.78 128.35 1173.36 92.59 1168.94 88.22 1164.52 54.27 1160.09 57.88 1157.00 81.35 1153.91 41.73 1150.82 78.86 1147.73 106.48 1144.64 48.08 1141.55 66.31 1138.46 66.06 1135.36 53.69 1132.27 93.70 1129.18 88.93 1126.09 60.00 1123.00 109.17 1119.91 112.17 1116.82 86.90 1113.73 83.76 1110.64 117.23 1107.55 94.87 1104.45 97.97 1101.36 95.10 1098.27 82.00 1095.18 90.60 1092.09 82.96 1089.00 72.99 1085.91 96.93 1082.82 108.67 1079.73 91.89 1076.64 141.27 1073.54 108.08 1070.45 99.36 1067.36 88.55 1064.27 126.74 1061.18 101.79 1058.09 142.83 1055.00 108.67 1051.91 164.96 1048.82 117.10 1045.73 111.04 1042.63 158.16 1039.54 168.81 1036.45 127.37 1033.36 136.99 1024.00 103.37 4. Cattle Pond, Dongdao Island Stable Isotope data, Yan et al. 2011, Fig. 3. d13C and d18O of ostracode shells in DY4 core Column 1: Age (yr AD) Column 2: Core DY4 d13C (per mil VPDB) Column 3: Standard Error Column 4: Core DY4 d18O (per mil VPDB) Column 5: Standard Error Age(AD) DY4-13C std error DY4-18O std error 1886 -8.689 0.004 -4.963 0.007 1870 -8.262 0.004 -4.166 0.005 1853 -7.713 0.003 -3.818 0.005 1836 -8.021 0.002 -5.113 0.007 1820 -8.082 0.012 -4.502 0.005 1803 -7.846 0.001 -5.244 0.006 1786 -8.521 0.011 -4.755 0.004 1736 -9.508 0.004 -4.966 0.009 1720 -10.118 0.008 -4.700 0.007 1703 -8.569 0.004 -4.267 0.006 1670 -8.827 0.006 -3.637 0.004 1636 -7.251 0.002 -4.032 0.007 1620 -7.244 0.003 -4.088 0.008 1553 -8.058 0.004 -4.365 0.006 1536 -7.686 0.007 -5.446 0.005 1520 -6.994 0.004 -4.104 0.010 1486 -5.591 0.001 -3.293 0.008 1453 -6.385 0.003 -3.599 0.007 1420 -6.334 0.003 -3.900 0.008 1403 -7.125 0.005 -4.866 0.007 1386 -5.095 0.006 -2.379 0.013 1370 -6.349 0.003 -1.663 0.006 1353 -6.149 0.008 -3.647 0.008 1336 -4.964 0.002 -3.485 0.005 1320 -5.535 0.006 -2.931 0.005 1303 -5.361 0.003 -2.972 0.006 1286 -5.377 0.010 -2.944 0.006 1270 -3.707 0.002 -2.193 0.006 1253 -3.825 0.009 -3.973 0.002 1236 -3.994 0.002 -2.969 0.009 1220 -4.959 0.003 -3.260 0.005 1203 -3.850 0.008 -3.254 0.008 1186 -3.873 0.003 -2.669 0.006 1153 -4.858 0.015 -3.584 0.005 1136 -4.366 0.001 -2.464 0.008 1120 -4.355 0.019 -2.429 0.007 1103 -4.822 0.004 -2.812 0.006 1086 -4.276 0.018 -2.177 0.006 1070 -5.305 0.003 -2.684 0.005 1053 -3.643 0.005 -4.012 0.015 1036 -6.225 0.001 -2.783 0.005