Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia Drill Hole 50KYR Natural Gamma Radiation ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia Drill Hole 50KYR Natural Gamma Radiation LAST UPDATE: 8/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Baker, P.A., C.A. Rigsby, G.O. Seltzer, S.C. Fritz, T. Lowenstein, N. Bacher, and Y. Veliz. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-086 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Baker, P.A., et al. 2010. Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia Drill Hole 50KYR Natural Gamma Radiation. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-086. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Baker, P.A., C.A. Rigsby, G.O. Seltzer, S.C. Fritz, T. Lowenstein, N. Bacher, and Y. Veliz. 2001. Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales revealed by deep drilling on the South American Altiplano. Nature 409: 698-701. ABSTRACT: Tropical South America is one of the three main centres of the global, zonal overturning circulation of the equatorial atmosphere (generally termed the 'Walker' circulation). Although this area plays a key role in global climate cycles, little is known about South American climate history. Here we describe sediment cores and down-hole logging results of deep drilling in the Salar de Uyuni, on the Bolivian Altiplano, located in the tropical Andes. We demonstrate that during the past 50,000 years the Altiplano underwent important changes in effective moisture at both orbital (20,000-year) and millennial timescales. Long-duration wet periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum marked in the drill core by continuous deposition of lacustrine sediments appear to have occurred in phase with summer insolation maxima produced by the Earth's precessional cycle. Short-duration, millennial events correlate well with North Atlantic cold events, including Heinrich events 1 and 2, as well as the Younger Dryas episode. At both millennial and orbital timescales, cold sea surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic were coeval with wet conditions in tropical South America, suggesting a common forcing. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Fritz, S.C., P.A. Baker, T. Lowenstein, G.O. Seltzer, C.A. Rigsby, G. Dwyer, P. Tapia, K. Arnold, T-H Ku, and S. Luo. 2004. Hydrologic variation during the last 170,000 years in the southern hemisphere tropics of South America. Quaternary Research 61: 95-104. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: South America PERIOD OF RECORD: 50KYrBp - present FUNDING SOURCE: US National Science Foundation (ATM) DESCRIPTION: Natural gamma radiation (counts per second) from a drill hole in the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, salt flat, used as a proxy for Lake Level over the past 50,000 years. Mud units contain abundant radiogenic K, U, and Th, whereas salt units are largely nonradioactive. Note: Adjusted depths match gamma log data with the equivalent depths in the sediment core - see Fritz et al. 2004 for additional information. Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia: 20°14.97'S, 67°30.03'W, 3653 m elev. Average Time Step 200 yr DATA: 1. 14C dating Sample# Core d13C Radiocarbon SD Calibrated NSRL Depth(m) PDB Age(yrBP) (yr) Age(yrBP) 11704 4.38 0.5 9370 55 10570 11704 4.38 -17.3 10610 70 12790 11511 6.91 -16 10980 55 12993 10884 8.47 -13.9 13800 100 16560 11509 9.77 -13.9 13840 65 16606 10885 10.2 -13.6 18920 250 22452 10886 13.35 -13.4 19250 190 22832 10887 15.14 -13.5 23600 190 27750 10888 15.72 -13.4 24100 200 28320 10889 16.22 -13.3 24000 800 28210 10890 17.09 -13.4 23900 190 28100 10891 17.70 -15.9 32600 410 37830 10892 18.37 -15.5 31500 480 36630 10893 22.78 -17.6 36300 590 41840 10894 24.04 -15.4 >45000 >51000 10896 27.25 -17.9 >45000 >51000 10897 28.15 -17.7 >45000 >51000 10898 28.40 -15.9 >45000 >51000 10899 30.74 -15.9 >45000 >51000 2. Gamma Ray data DrillHole Adjusted Age Gamma Depth(m) Depth(m) (CalYrBP) (cps) 0 0 0 18 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.2 0 11 0.3 0.3 0 11 0.4 0.4 14.74 12 0.5 0.5 210.6 15 0.6 0.6 406.46 9 0.7 0.7 602.32 10 0.8 0.8 798.18 10 0.9 0.9 994.04 13 1 1 1189.9 10 1.1 1.1 1385.76 12 1.2 1.2 1581.62 9 1.3 1.3 1777.48 10 1.4 1.4 1973.34 10 1.5 1.5 2169.2 10 1.6 1.6 2365.06 7 1.7 1.7 2560.92 9 1.8 1.8 2756.78 6 1.9 1.9 2952.64 7 2 2 3148.5 7 2.1 2.1 3344.36 8 2.2 2.2 3540.22 8 2.3 2.3 3736.08 7 2.4 2.4 3931.94 6 2.5 2.5 4127.8 8 2.6 2.6 4323.66 10 2.7 2.7 4519.52 6 2.8 2.8 4715.38 10 2.9 2.9 4911.24 11 3 3 5107.1 21 3.1 3.1 5302.96 23 3.2 3.2 5498.82 15 3.3 3.3 5694.68 9 3.4 3.4 5890.54 8 3.5 3.5 6086.4 14 3.6 3.6 6282.26 10 3.7 3.7 6478.12 14 3.8 3.8 6673.98 8 3.9 3.9 6869.84 10 4 4 7065.7 10 4.1 4.1 7261.56 11 4.2 4.2 7457.42 12 4.3 4.3 7653.28 14 4.4 4.4 7849.14 13 4.5 4.5 8045 10 4.6 4.6 8240.86 12 4.7 4.7 8436.72 16 4.8 4.8 8632.58 12 4.9 4.9 8828.44 11 5 5 9024.3 11 5.1 5.1 9220.16 11 5.2 5.2 9416.02 14 5.3 5.3 9611.88 15 5.4 5.4 9807.74 19 5.5 5.5 10003.6 20 5.6 5.6 10199.46 20 5.7 5.7 10395.32 17 5.8 5.8 10591.18 18 5.9 5.9 10787.04 14 6 6 10982.9 20 6.1 6.1 11178.76 17 6.2 6.2 11374.62 23 6.3 6.3 11570.48 26 6.4 6.4 11766.34 27 6.5 6.5 11962.2 43 6.6 6.6 12158.06 41 6.7 6.7 12353.92 31 6.8 6.8 12549.78 33 6.9 6.9 12745.64 34 7 7 12941.5 28 7.1 7.1 13137.36 24 7.2 7.2 13333.22 23 7.3 7.3 13529.08 25 7.4 7.4 13724.94 22 7.5 7.5 13920.8 28 7.6 7.6 14116.66 30 7.7 7.7 14312.52 30 7.8 7.8 14508.38 39 7.9 7.9 14704.24 41 8 8 14900.1 41 8.1 8.1 15095.96 58 8.2 8.2 15291.82 60 8.3 8.3 15487.68 55 8.4 8.4 15683.54 65 8.5 8.5 15879.4 62 8.6 8.6 16075.26 58 8.7 8.7 16271.12 50 8.8 8.8 16466.98 57 8.9 8.9 16662.84 48 9 9 16858.7 53 9.1 9.1 17054.56 38 9.2 9.2 17250.42 42 9.3 9.3 17446.28 52 9.4 9.4 17642.14 52 9.5 9.5 17838 45 9.6 9.6 18033.86 38 9.7 9.7 18229.72 43 9.8 9.8 18425.58 46 9.9 9.9 18621.44 39 10 10 18817.3 49 10.1 10.1 19013.16 45 10.2 10.2 19209.02 56 10.3 10.3 19404.88 53 10.4 10.4 19600.74 39 10.5 10.5 19796.6 50 10.6 10.6 19992.46 46 10.7 10.7 20188.32 46 10.8 10.8 20384.18 50 10.9 10.9 20580.04 48 11 11 20775.9 54 11.1 11.1 20971.76 46 11.2 11.2 21167.62 52 11.3 11.3 21363.48 48 11.4 11.4 21559.34 54 11.5 11.5 21755.2 53 11.6 11.6 21951.06 52 11.7 11.7 22146.92 45 11.8 11.8 22342.78 55 11.9 11.9 22538.64 51 12 12 22734.5 51 12.1 12.1 22930.36 36 12.2 12.2 23126.22 35 12.3 12.3 23322.08 34 12.4 12.4 23517.94 32 12.5 12.5 23713.8 40 12.6 12.6 23909.66 30 12.7 12.7 24105.52 41 12.8 12.8 24301.38 36 12.9 12.9 24497.24 29 13 13 24693.1 39 13.1 13.1 24888.96 59 13.2 13.2 25084.82 56 13.3 13.3 25280.68 33 13.4 13.4 25476.54 51 13.5 13.5 25672.4 45 13.6 13.6 25868.26 46 13.7 13.7 26064.12 60 13.8 13.8 26259.98 38 13.9 13.9 26455.84 23 14 14 26651.7 14 14.1 14.1 26847.56 11 14.2 14.2 27043.42 12 14.3 14.3 27239.28 4 14.4 14.4 27435.14 9 14.5 14.5 27631 5 14.6 14.6 27826.86 6 14.7 14.7 28022.72 4 14.8 14.8 28218.58 7 14.9 14.9 28414.44 8 15 15 28610.3 9 15.1 15.1 28806.16 15 15.2 15.2 29002.02 14 15.3 15.3 29197.88 29 15.4 15.4 29393.74 24 15.5 15.5 29589.6 39 15.6 15.6 29785.46 41 15.7 15.7 29981.32 41 15.8 15.8 30177.18 37 15.9 15.9 30373.04 39 16 16 30568.9 31 16.1 16.1 30764.76 23 16.2 16.2 30960.62 19 16.3 16.3 31156.48 27 16.4 16.4 31352.34 26 16.5 16.5 31548.2 22 16.6 16.6 31744.06 9 16.7 16.7 31939.92 13 16.8 16.8 32135.78 10 16.9 16.9 32331.64 10 17 17 32527.5 14 17.1 17.1 32723.36 19 17.2 17.2 32919.22 21 17.3 17.3 33115.08 25 17.4 17.4 33310.94 35 17.5 17.5 33506.8 32 17.6 17.6 33702.66 27 17.7 17.7 33898.52 10 17.8 17.9 34094.38 13 17.9 18.0 34290.24 20 18 18.2 34486.1 5 18.1 18.3 34681.96 9 18.2 18.5 34877.82 4 18.3 18.6 35073.68 4 18.4 18.8 35269.54 5 18.5 18.9 35465.4 4 18.6 19.1 35661.26 9 18.7 19.2 35857.12 8 18.8 19.4 36052.98 4 18.9 19.5 36248.84 3 19 19.7 36444.7 6 19.1 19.8 36640.56 4 19.2 20.0 36836.42 2 19.3 20.1 37032.28 8 19.4 20.3 37228.14 8 19.5 20.4 37424 8 19.6 20.6 37619.86 4 19.7 20.7 37815.72 2 19.8 20.9 38011.58 4 19.9 21.0 38207.44 3 20 21.2 38403.3 6 20.1 21.3 38599.16 2 20.2 21.5 38795.02 2 20.3 21.6 38990.88 6 20.4 21.8 39186.74 10 20.5 21.9 39382.6 26 20.6 22 39578.46 30 20.7 22.1 39774.32 36 20.8 22.2 39970.18 36 20.9 22.3 40166.04 40 21 22.4 40361.9 42 21.1 22.5 40557.76 34 21.2 22.6 40753.62 36 21.3 22.7 40949.48 36 21.4 22.8 41145.34 37 21.5 22.9 41341.2 41 21.6 23 41537.06 33 21.7 23.1 41732.92 33 21.8 23.2 41928.78 29 21.9 23.3 42124.64 34 22 23.4 42320.5 34 22.1 23.5 42516.36 39 22.2 23.6 42712.22 39 22.3 23.7 42908.08 40 22.4 23.8 43103.94 34 22.5 23.9 43299.8 36 22.6 24 43495.66 40 22.7 24.1 43691.52 47 22.8 24.2 43887.38 51 22.9 24.3 44083.24 55 23 24.4 44279.1 51 23.1 24.5 44474.96 44 23.2 24.6 44670.82 54 23.3 24.7 44866.68 46 23.4 24.8 45062.54 36 23.5 24.9 45258.4 50 23.6 25 45454.26 50 23.7 25.1 45650.12 48 23.8 25.2 45845.98 61 23.9 25.3 46041.84 82 24 25.4 46237.7 99 24.1 25.5 46433.56 92 24.2 25.6 46629.42 59 24.3 25.7 46825.28 60 24.4 25.8 47021.14 37 24.5 25.9 47217 41 24.6 26 47412.86 41 24.7 26.1 47608.72 41 24.8 26.2 47804.58 36 24.9 26.3 48000.44 40 25 26.4 48196.3 43 25.1 26.5 48392.16 38 25.2 26.6 48588.02 33 25.3 26.7 48783.88 46 25.4 26.8 48979.74 27 25.5 26.9 49175.6 27 25.6 27 49371.46 30 25.7 27.1 49567.32 45 25.8 27.2 49763.18 49 25.9 27.3 49959.04 42