# Lake Titicaca 60 kyr Leaf Wax Hydrogen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17419 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2014dd-lt01-2b.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleolimnology #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-11-10 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lake Titicaca 60 kyr Leaf Wax Hydrogen Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Fornace, K.L.; Hughen, K.A.; Shanahan, T.M.; Fritz, S.C.; Baker, P.A.; Sylva, S.P. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Hydrogen isotope data for C28 and C30 n-alkanoic acids in Lake Titicaca sediments. # Sediments were taken from NE98-4BXB (3.5-0 ka) and LT01-2B (60-3.5 ka) cores (in separate data files). # For details on chronology, see Fritz et al. 2007 Lake Titicaca data set: # ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.txt # Note for this dD data set calendar ages in original age model were updated using IntCal13 calibration. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Kyrstin L. Fornace, Konrad A. Hughen, Timothy M. Shanahan, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Paul A. Baker, Sean P. Sylva # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-12-15 # Published_Title: A 60,000-year record of hydrologic variability in the Central Andes from the hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf waxes in Lake Titicaca sediments # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 408 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 263-271 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.024 # Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X14006451 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A record of the hydrogen isotopic composition of terrestrial leaf waxes (dDwax) in sediment cores from Lake Titicaca provides new insight into the precipitation history of the Central Andes and controls of South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) variability since the last glacial period. Comparison of the dDwax record with a 19-kyr dD record from the nearby Illimani ice core supports the interpretation that precipitation dD is the primary control on dDwax with a lesser but significant role for local evapotranspiration and other secondary influences on dDwax. The Titicaca dDwax record confirms overall wetter conditions in the Central Andes during the last glacial period relative to a drier Holocene. During the last deglaciation, abrupt dDwax shifts correspond to millennial-scale events observed in the high-latitude North Atlantic, with dry conditions corresponding to the Bolling-Allerød and early Holocene periods and wetter conditions during late glacial and Younger Dryas intervals. We observe a trend of increasing monsoonal precipitation from the early to the late Holocene, consistent with summer insolation forcing of the SASM, but similar hydrologic variability on precessional timescales is not apparent during the last glacial period. Overall, this study demonstrates the relative importance of high-latitude versus tropical forcing as a dominant control on glacial SASM precipitation variability. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: DEB-0447281, ATM-0502517, EAR-1338694 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Titicaca Core LT01-2B # Location: South America>Bolivia # Country: Bolivia # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.9368 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.9368 # Easternmost_Longitude: -69.1601 # Westernmost_Longitude: -69.1601 # Elevation: 3810 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Titicaca2014dD-LT01-2B # Earliest_Year: 61724 # Most_Recent_Year: 3568 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # For details on chronology, # see Fritz et al. 2007 Lake Titicaca data set: # ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.txt # Note for this dD data set calendar ages in original age model were updated using IntCal13 calibration. # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##sample_code sample code, , , , , , core-depth for NE98-4BXB samples or core-section-section depth for LT01-2B samples, ,C ##depth_cm depth, , , cm, , , corrected total depth, ,N ##age_calBP age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N ##nC28_dD dD ,n-C28 alkanoic acid, ,per mil VSMOW, ,sediment, ,GC-IRMS,N ##nC28_err dD ,n-C28 alkanoic acid,1 sigma precision,per mil VSMOW, ,sediment, ,GC-IRMS,N ##nC28_rep number of analyses,n-C28 alkanoic acid, ,number of analyses, ,sediment, ,GC-IRMS,N ##nC30_dD dD ,n-C30 alkanoic acid, ,per mil VSMOW, ,sediment, ,GC-IRMS,N ##nC30_err dD ,n-C30 alkanoic acid,1 sigma precision,per mil VSMOW, ,sediment, ,GC-IRMS,N ##nC30_rep number of analyses,n-C30 alkanoic acid, ,number of analyses, ,sediment, ,GC-IRMS,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: N/A # sample_code depth_cm age_calBP nC28_dD nC28_err nC28_rep nC30_dD nC30_err nC30_rep LT01-2B-2H1-0 24.0 3568 -159.8 1.9 4 -178.5 3.8 2 LT01-2B-2H1-4 28.0 3741 -177.3 3.9 2 -182.8 3.2 2 LT01-2B-2H1-12 36.0 4086 -177.1 5.3 4 -178.1 4.2 3 LT01-2B-2H1-18 42.0 4345 -179.7 4.6 6 -175.3 2.1 4 LT01-2B-2H1-26 50.0 4691 -169.5 4.6 2 -177.5 2.5 2 LT01-2B-2H1-36 60.0 5123 -175.7 0.6 2 -174.2 5.2 2 LT01-2B-2H1-42 66.0 5382 -174.0 1.5 2 -168.3 0.8 2 LT01-2B-2H1-52 76.0 5814 -168.3 1.8 2 -161.8 0.2 2 LT01-2B-2H1-56 80.0 5987 -162.3 5.6 6 -177.8 5.8 4 LT01-2B-2H1-68 92.0 6505 -168.5 2.3 2 -173.6 4.2 2 LT01-2B-2H1-74 98.0 6765 -128.0 0.9 2 N/A N/A 0 LT01-2B-2H1-78 102.0 6937 -144.4 0.6 2 -152.9 4.9 2 LT01-2B-2H1-86 110.0 7283 -147.9 2.5 2 -181.4 1.4 2 LT01-2B-2H1-96 120.0 7715 -145.3 1.7 2 -169.3 0.7 2 LT01-2B-2H1-102 126.0 7974 N/A N/A 0 -167.2 0.9 2 LT01-2B-2H1-110 134.0 8320 -176.8 N/A 1 -173.4 5.2 2 LT01-2B-2H1-114 138.0 8493 -167.6 6.3 3 N/A N/A 0 LT01-2B-2H1-118 142.0 8665 -137.2 1.6 2 -169.8 2.9 2 LT01-2B-2H1-124 148.0 8925 -141.9 N/A 1 -134.6 1.6 2 LT01-2B-2H1-128 152.0 9097 -139.1 0.2 2 -148.3 0.3 2 LT01-2B-2H1-134 158.0 9357 -114.7 0.4 2 -144.1 3.3 2 LT01-2B-2H1-148 172.0 9961 -136.2 0.8 4 -137.1 1.9 2 LT01-2B-2H2-2 177.0 10177 -114.3 2.8 6 -115.2 4.3 2 LT01-2B-2H2-6 181.0 10350 -141.0 3.1 2 -143.5 4.4 2 LT01-2B-2H2-10 185.0 10523 -126.7 7.9 4 -133.5 10.0 4 LT01-2B-2H2-14 189.0 10696 -118.1 8.9 2 -133.2 8.0 2 LT01-2B-2H2-20 195.0 10955 -115.4 2.2 2 -131.8 2.2 2 LT01-2B-2H2-24 199.0 11128 -123.0 0.1 2 -137.8 1.4 2 LT01-2B-2H2-28 203.0 11301 -131.6 2.9 4 -145.2 1.1 2 LT01-2B-2H2-32 207.0 11473 -141.5 3.3 2 -165.6 8.9 2 LT01-2B-2H2-36 211.0 11646 -140.2 4.1 2 -192.6 2.8 2 LT01-2B-2H2-44 219.0 11992 -134.8 1.6 2 -175.0 0.7 2 LT01-2B-2H2-50 225.0 12251 -159.4 0.6 2 -187.7 2.7 2 LT01-2B-2H2-54 229.0 12424 -144.4 0.0 2 N/A N/A 0 LT01-2B-2H2-58 233.0 12597 -163.6 1.5 2 -203.2 6.2 2 LT01-2B-2H2-66 241.0 12942 -175.1 N/A 1 N/A N/A 0 LT01-2B-2H2-68 243.0 13029 -175.8 0.4 2 -184.2 7.3 2 LT01-2B-2H2-74 249.0 13288 -180.9 2.7 3 -194.7 1.7 3 LT01-2B-2H2-80 255.0 13547 -174.7 0.6 2 -203.1 0.8 2 LT01-2B-2H2-82 257.0 13633 -186.1 2.1 4 -220.3 2.5 2 LT01-2B-2H2-84 259.0 13720 -195.0 8.2 7 -211.6 12.3 6 LT01-2B-2H2-86 261.0 13806 -197.6 1.5 2 -225.6 3.8 2 LT01-2B-2H2-92 267.0 14065 -164.1 1.9 2 -178.4 3.1 2 LT01-2B-2H2-96 271.0 14238 -166.0 0.4 2 -166.3 1.0 2 LT01-2B-2H2-98 273.0 14325 -154.9 1.9 2 -158.4 5.9 2 LT01-2B-2H2-100 275.0 14411 -161.2 9.3 6 -167.2 4.5 2 LT01-2B-2H2-108 283.0 14757 -176.3 3.5 2 -167.7 2.5 2 LT01-2B-2H2-112 287.0 14929 -184.2 0.5 2 -200.8 1.9 2 LT01-2B-2H2-116 291.0 15102 -173.2 1.7 2 -194.2 1.0 2 LT01-2B-2H2-120 295.0 15275 -198.2 4.1 4 -208.7 3.2 4 LT01-2B-2H2-130 305.0 15707 -183.9 7.2 4 -199.0 4.2 2 LT01-2B-2H2-136 311.0 15966 -193.2 0.6 2 -207.7 3.5 2 LT01-2B-3H1-4 328.0 16701 -196.9 0.3 2 -204.2 2.3 2 LT01-2B-3H1-15 339.0 17176 -202.7 3.0 2 -227.8 0.8 2 LT01-2B-3H1-19 343.0 17349 -209.3 4.8 4 -224.1 4.7 4 LT01-2B-3H1-25 349.0 17608 -216.3 1.8 2 -215.9 1.5 2 LT01-2B-3H1-29 353.0 17781 -215.0 5.0 4 -222.3 6.9 4 LT01-2B-3H1-35 359.0 18040 -212.2 0.8 2 -216.8 1.5 2 LT01-2B-3H1-42 366.0 18342 -200.1 2.0 4 -204.3 7.5 2 LT01-2B-3H1-49 373.0 18645 -207.3 0.2 2 -219.0 0.6 2 LT01-2B-3H1-57 381.0 18990 -207.9 5.9 2 -216.7 12.2 2 LT01-2B-3H1-65 389.0 19336 -205.5 0.7 2 -216.4 1.6 2 LT01-2B-3H1-69 393.0 19509 -207.0 0.5 2 -223.7 3.1 2 LT01-2B-3H1-75 399.0 19768 -205.9 0.5 2 -230.1 1.1 2 LT01-2B-3H1-79 403.0 19941 -199.9 0.7 2 -220.1 0.2 2 LT01-2B-3H1-85 409.0 20200 -208.8 0.2 2 -223.3 0.8 2 LT01-2B-3H1-89 413.0 20373 -208.8 1.2 2 -224.2 0.8 2 LT01-2B-3H1-95 419.0 20632 -212.5 1.9 2 -225.4 4.6 2 LT01-2B-3H1-99 423.0 20805 -212.5 0.9 2 -222.1 0.2 2 LT01-2B-3H1-105 429.0 21064 -213.2 1.0 2 -230.3 6.7 2 LT01-2B-3H1-115 439.0 21496 -196.6 0.0 2 -210.7 3.8 2 LT01-2B-3H1-119 443.0 21669 -204.5 N/A 1 -194.2 N/A 1 LT01-2B-3H1-125 449.0 21928 -221.5 3.8 4 -224.6 2.5 4 LT01-2B-3H1-129 453.0 22101 -210.1 4.1 2 -215.7 1.9 2 LT01-2B-3H2-9 483.5 22390 -215.1 0.5 2 -228.7 1.3 2 LT01-2B-3H2-15 489.5 22425 -211.9 6.4 4 -223.3 5.0 4 LT01-2B-3H2-42 516.5 22580 -186.5 7.3 4 -203.1 7.7 2 LT01-2B-3H2-72 546.5 22753 -186.1 2.0 2 -201.4 0.3 2 LT01-2B-3H2-122 596.5 23041 -191.9 1.1 2 N/A N/A 0 LT01-2B-4H1-82 706.0 23672 -210.8 N/A 1 -216.0 N/A 1 LT01-2B-4H2-82 857.0 24541 -227.1 N/A 1 -222.2 N/A 1 LT01-2B-5H1-22 946.0 25054 -187.9 5.7 3 -186.7 N/A 1 LT01-2B-5H1-110 1034.0 25561 -206.9 N/A 1 -198.7 N/A 1 LT01-2B-5H2-60 1104.5 25967 -235.6 N/A 1 -225.0 N/A 1 LT01-2B-5H2-130 1174.5 26370 -192.2 1.8 2 -195.3 N/A 1 LT01-2B-6H1-32 1256.0 26840 -219.2 0.4 2 -214.6 2.5 2 LT01-2B-6H1-82 1306.0 27128 -224.8 0.4 2 -212.4 0.6 2 LT01-2B-6H1-102 1326.0 27243 -200.0 0.2 2 -198.7 0.3 2 LT01-2B-6H2-2 1377.0 27537 -197.8 3.8 2 -202.8 4.2 2 LT01-2B-6H2-62 1437.0 27882 -201.8 9.6 2 -204.8 N/A 1 LT01-2B-6H2-92 1467.0 28055 -218.0 3.5 2 -216.1 2.6 2 LT01-2B-7H1-12 1536.0 28452 -193.0 2.3 2 -198.9 0.9 2 LT01-2B-7H1-23 1547.0 28516 -213.4 11.4 4 -220.5 13.7 4 LT01-2B-7H1-32 1556.0 28568 -206.3 0.4 2 -213.8 3.4 2 LT01-2B-7H1-72 1596.0 28798 -219.0 6.6 2 -220.2 2.3 2 LT01-2B-7H1-122 1646.0 29086 -194.0 N/A 1 -202.6 N/A 1 LT01-2B-7H2-22 1696.5 29620 -203.5 3.7 2 -208.2 0.4 2 LT01-2B-7H2-112 1786.5 30957 -210.8 2.1 2 -212.1 3.7 2 LT01-2B-8H1-42 1866.0 32139 -223.5 0.7 2 N/A N/A 2 LT01-2B-8H1-72 1896.0 32585 -196.8 0.2 2 -216.2 1.1 2 LT01-2B-8H1-102 1926.0 33030 -191.8 3.5 4 -219.9 1.0 2 LT01-2B-8H1-122 1946.0 33328 -190.0 0.1 2 -218.5 0.3 2 LT01-2B-8H1-142 1966.0 33625 -187.9 1.0 2 -215.2 3.7 2 LT01-2B-8H2-12 1986.4 33929 -210.3 8.2 4 -207.2 4.6 2 LT01-2B-8H2-42 2016.3 34373 -219.5 1.5 2 -225.1 0.5 2 LT01-2B-8H2-52 2026.3 34521 -188.0 0.3 2 -198.6 2.4 2 LT01-2B-8H2-72 2046.2 34817 -207.1 2.4 2 -218.5 3.3 2 LT01-2B-8H2-91 2065.2 35099 -211.4 7.3 3 -225.2 13.1 4 LT01-2B-8H2-122 2096.1 35558 -201.5 5.9 6 -205.3 14.3 6 LT01-2B-8H2-136 2110.0 35765 -190.8 0.5 2 -212.7 1.8 2 LT01-2B-9H1-12 2136.0 36151 -200.6 4.6 4 -212.1 1.8 4 LT01-2B-9H1-32 2156.0 36448 -184.2 4.1 2 -221.8 0.9 2 LT01-2B-9H1-62 2186.0 36894 -211.1 1.1 2 -233.0 1.0 2 LT01-2B-9H1-72 2196.0 37043 -220.1 11.1 3 -244.6 17.2 3 LT01-2B-9H1-82 2206.0 37191 -211.4 1.5 2 -213.1 2.8 2 LT01-2B-9H1-102 2226.0 37488 -219.9 3.8 3 -217.6 3.4 3 LT01-2B-9H1-122 2246.0 37786 -201.0 2.8 2 -208.1 0.8 2 LT01-2B-9H1-142 2266.0 38083 -197.0 N/A 1 N/A N/A 0 LT01-2B-9H2-32 2305.0 38662 -202.6 1.3 2 -201.7 3.9 2 LT01-2B-9H2-52 2325.0 38960 -225.5 2.0 2 -210.7 2.4 2 LT01-2B-9H2-62 2335.0 39108 -213.0 1.7 2 -210.2 6.1 2 LT01-2B-9H2-82 2355.0 39405 -204.2 0.5 2 -202.1 0.7 2 LT01-2B-9h2-102 2375.0 39703 -203.2 4.8 2 -216.3 0.4 2 LT01-2B-9H2-132 2405.0 40148 -210.7 0.6 2 -212.9 1.2 2 LT01-2B-10H1-32 2456.0 40906 -215.0 3.1 2 -217.1 7.6 2 LT01-2B-10H1-42 2466.0 41055 -220.8 1.9 2 -226.5 0.7 2 LT01-2B-10H1-62 2486.0 41352 -208.0 0.9 2 -213.3 3.7 2 LT01-2B-10H1-82 2506.0 41649 -202.4 1.1 2 -197.8 2.3 2 LT01-2B-10H1-92 2516.0 41798 -229.7 8.2 3 -225.3 11.9 3 LT01-2B-10H1-112 2536.0 42095 -194.5 3.1 2 -185.4 3.0 2 LT01-2B-10H1-132 2556.0 42392 -222.4 1.8 2 -211.4 0.0 2 LT01-2B-10H2-2 2577.5 42712 -201.1 4.2 2 -198.3 5.2 2 LT01-2B-10H2-22 2597.5 43009 -214.8 6.1 3 -224.0 1.6 3 LT01-2B-10H2-42 2617.5 43306 -232.3 2.4 6 -232.6 2.9 6 LT01-2B-10H2-82 2657.5 43900 -205.1 1.6 2 -210.5 1.9 2 LT01-2B-10H2-92 2667.5 44049 -206.7 0.1 2 -222.1 2.6 2 LT01-2B-11H1-2 2726.0 44919 -214.8 1.2 2 -212.6 7.3 2 LT01-2B-11H1-36 2759.4 45414 -202.7 1.8 2 -210.0 1.4 2 LT01-2B-11H1-66 2788.8 45851 -203.7 0.7 2 -215.3 3.9 2 LT01-2B-11H1-76 2798.6 45997 -217.7 10.5 4 -229.7 8.9 4 LT01-2B-11H1-86 2808.4 46142 -210.4 0.9 2 -221.0 3.8 2 LT01-2B-11H1-96 2818.2 46288 -229.1 4.2 5 -221.3 9.3 5 LT01-2B-11H1-116 2837.8 46580 -211.1 2.6 2 -214.1 7.0 2 LT01-2B-11H1-136 2857.4 46871 -209.5 6.1 7 -212.8 7.4 7 LT01-2B-11H2-17 2886.7 47307 -202.1 2.9 4 -215.9 5.2 4 LT01-2B-11H2-37 2906.3 47598 -188.6 1.7 2 -202.6 2.5 2 LT01-2B-11H2-57 2925.9 47889 -212.1 2.2 4 -218.4 4.3 4 LT01-2B-11H2-87 2955.3 48326 -193.4 4.4 2 -194.4 1.9 2 LT01-2B-11H2-107 2974.9 48618 -176.5 1.4 2 -190.4 2.2 2 LT01-2B-12H1-20 3044.0 49644 -184.3 1.3 2 -199.2 2.1 2 LT01-2B-12H1-40 3064.0 49941 -193.0 3.7 4 -201.7 3.2 4 LT01-2B-12H1-70 3094.0 50387 -194.8 1.1 2 -202.5 2.2 2 LT01-2B-12H1-100 3124.0 50833 -174.3 6.2 2 -189.6 13.3 2 LT01-2B-12H1-120 3144.0 51130 -186.9 0.7 2 -194.9 0.0 2 LT01-2B-12H2-60 3233.0 52452 -206.1 1.4 2 -214.6 2.7 2 LT01-2B-12H2-80 3253.0 52750 -193.1 N/A 1 -210.1 N/A 1 LT01-2B-12H2-130 3303.0 53493 -233.8 2.4 2 -223.1 0.6 2 LT01-2B-13H1-30 3354.0 54250 -215.2 0.3 2 -215.3 1.3 2 LT01-2B-13H1-80 3404.0 54993 -206.8 0.9 2 -216.9 2.4 2 LT01-2B-13H1-110 3434.0 55439 -219.3 0.4 2 -226.2 0.1 2 LT01-2B-13H1-130 3454.0 55736 -218.2 0.3 2 -222.3 1.9 2 LT01-2B-13H2-0 3474.0 56034 -229.0 4.1 2 -223.2 6.8 2 LT01-2B-13H2-30 3504.0 56479 -200.2 3.3 2 -217.2 4.1 2 LT01-2B-13H2-70 3544.0 57074 -220.3 0.7 2 -213.1 7.4 2 LT01-2B-13H2-110 3584.0 57668 -207.4 2.2 2 -222.0 3.6 2 LT01-2B-14H1-10 3633.7 58406 -211.1 2.4 2 -209.8 1.8 2 LT01-2B-14H1-40 3662.8 58839 -194.7 1.6 2 -210.3 3.3 2 LT01-2B-14H1-70 3691.9 59272 -210.7 1.7 2 -210.9 0.3 2 LT01-2B-14H1-130 3750.2 60138 -215.5 2.3 2 -234.6 1.3 2 LT01-2B-14H1-140 3759.9 60283 -209.0 0.9 2 -223.7 0.2 2 LT01-2B-14H2-0 3769.6 60426 -225.3 2.0 2 -229.1 0.3 2 LT01-2B-14H2-10 3779.3 60570 -196.5 1.7 2 -225.0 0.4 2 LT01-2B-14H2-30 3798.7 60859 -213.6 3.0 4 -224.0 9.1 4 LT01-2B-14H2-50 3818.1 61147 -210.5 0.1 2 -212.3 2.4 2 LT01-2B-14H2-90 3857.0 61724 -183.3 1.8 2 -183.8 3.2 2