# Lake Orurillo, Peru d2H and d18O Data Over the Past 5000 years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38443 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-38443.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/yk8r-x292 # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/peru/arnold2021/arnold2021-orurillo_a-15_b-15_d18o.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; d18O Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-09-11 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-09-19 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lake Orurillo, Peru d2H and d18O Data Over the Past 5000 years #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Arnold, T. Elliott #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: T. Elliott Arnold, Aubrey L. Hillman, Mark B. Abbott, Josef P. Werne, Steven J. McGrath, Elizabeth N. Arkush # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Published_Title: Drought and the collapse of the Tiwanaku Civilization: New evidence from Lake Orurillo, Peru # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 251 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 106693 # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106693 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Tiwanaku was a regionally significant, state level polity in the south-central Andes from ca. 500-1000 CE. The development of complex society in the region was greatly facilitated through intensified agricultural systems that relied on monsoonal precipitation. At the end of the first millennium CE, the Tiwanaku political regime collapsed, and their raised field systems were mostly abandoned within 200 years or less. It has been suggested that a prolonged period of aridity contributed to the collapse, but questions have remained about its chronology and severity. In this study, we investigated the relationship between d2Hwax and d18Ocalcite values, aridity and societal change. A period of nondeposition or erosion occurred between 915 and 1025 CE indicating a low lake stand exposing the core site. This extended and pronounced drought ending 1025 CE was recorded in the isotopic proxies extracted from lake sediments that show this period of aridity persisted into the 13th century. The broad agreement between our record and other regional paleoenvironmental archives of Holocene climate variability is consistent with Northern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns as a mechanism for driving centennial scale climate change in the Andes and supports the correspondence between prolonged drought and the collapse of Tiwanaku. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: BCS-1522824, BCS-1623368 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Orurillo # Location: Peru # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.76012 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.76012 # Easternmost_Longitude: -70.18021 # Westernmost_Longitude: -70.18021 # Elevation_m: 3844 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Orurillo_A-15_B-15_d18O # First_Year: 5047 # Last_Year: 14 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: 3.38 # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Radiocarbon # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-14c-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Radiocarbon terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples were analyzed at the Keck Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the University of California Irvine. # Rejection_Rationale: anomalously old ages close to an unconformity around 116.5 cm # Reservoir_Method: # Calibration_Method: CALIB 7.0 and the INTCAL13 calibration curve # Age_Model_Method: age-depth models from 0 to 116.5 and from 116.5 to 298.0 cm were created using the BACON 2.2 code # Missing_Values: NaN # Chronology_Table: # lab_code core_id depth_raw_cm depth_cm age_14C_BP1950 age_14C_2s_yr age_calib_CE age_calib_BP1950 age_calib_2s_yr material_dated notes date_used calib_curve # 172621 Orurillo A15 D1 5 25 -30 15 1956 -6 1 reeds AQUATIC yes IntCal13 # 172622 Orurillo A15 D1 27.5 47.5 420 30 1494 456 157 reeds AQUATIC yes IntCal13 # 224575 Orurillo A15 D1 42 62 460 170 1488 462 639 charcoal/wood yes IntCal13 # 224576 Orurillo A15 D1 58.5 78.5 420 270 1530 420 661 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224577 Orurillo A15 D1 72.5 92.5 470 170 1477 473 894 charcoal/wood yes IntCal13 # 224580 Orurillo B15 D1 19.5 100 970 160 1053 897 600 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224581 Orurillo B15 D1 22.5 103 760 180 1224 726 732 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224582 Orurillo B15 D1 37.5 118 1640 240 376 1574 719 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224583 Orurillo B15 D1 40.5 121 1530 110 508 1442 429 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 172623 Orurillo A15 D2 9.5 124.5 2850 15 -959 2909 71 reeds AQUATIC no # 164752 Orurillo A15 D2 27.5 142.5 1655 30 449 1501 152 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 209787 Orurillo A15 D2 27.5 142.5 2275 20 -372 2322 162 no # 224584 Orurillo B15 D1 77 157.5 1780 180 239 1711 478 vegetation yes IntCal13 # 224578 Orurillo A15 D2 68 183 2250 100 -295 2322 697 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 172624 Orurillo A15 D2 80 195 2300 20 -304 2254 151 reeds AQUATIC yes IntCal13 # 164753 Orurillo A15 D3 16.5 228.5 2620 30 -777 2727 266 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224585 Orurillo B15 D2 90.5 252.5 3020 150 -1244 3194 715 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 209788 Orurillo A15 D3 45.5 257.5 3670 60 -2054 4004 313 yes IntCal13 # 224579 Orurillo A15 D3 49.5 261.5 3370 220 -1685 3635 1171 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 164754 Orurillo A15 D3 74.5 287 4285 40 -2855 4805 285 seeds yes IntCal13 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,Paleolimnology,,,N, ## d18O delta 18O,calcite,,per mil,,Paleolimnology,,,N, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: age d18O 14.3 -7.043169866 31.9 -7.084516771 62.5 -7.422826558 103.5 -8.322854217 147.5 -7.958432495 198.6 -8.471138661 247.7 -7.847474329 295.2 -8.256949368 331.9 -8.492096683 367.3 -7.248108605 390.9 -4.675778439 413.2 -8.210090082 437.4 -8.380148162 460.8 -9.923628715 483.7 -8.815482395 505.3 -5.901825983 527.6 -6.087090663 550 -5.60104816 572.7 -9.504480802 595.7 -6.6172182 618.4 -4.887068733 640.5 -2.749151963 663.6 -2.97625488 685.9 -3.897720767 708.9 -4.445753683 740 -5.291855128 770.5 -3.383013692 800.8 -3.649166438 830.2 -1.875341303 859.9 -2.356050818 1116.9 -6.147203399 1314.5 -8.349446661 1373.6 -11.0080414 1433.8 -10.55629897 1492.3 -7.925230001 1548.4 -5.514487833 1589.5 -11.09011435 1630.4 -10.59737694 1672.6 -7.929110145 1721.8 -8.193442163 1769.1 -8.109313335 1819.6 -8.536898971 1866.6 -7.82092652 1913 -8.111497379 1962.4 -8.095134401 2009 -8.494008268 2056.6 -7.949047671 2104.3 -8.026906606 2157.2 -8.116250662 2200.7 -8.952949391 2242 -8.272287377 2280.6 -10.05127148 2316.8 -9.866288395 2353.1 -5.072444661 2385.5 -6.38428408 2419.5 -7.294616755 2456.3 -7.21417548 2494.8 -8.671771533 2533.7 -9.071483004 2588 -9.316642181 2627.5 -8.552085402 2668.6 -4.568935541 2705.9 -5.479396962 2744.1 -5.288097748 2794.7 -4.168289902 2886.7 -4.407822308 2976.7 -5.357459281 3084 -5.886243796 3182.8 -5.664377764 3294.8 -4.932419654 3400.9 -5.659948598 3510.1 -5.357768671 3680.9 -6.390183735 3847.8 -5.94251577 3958.3 -4.36235972 4047 -4.736937066 4131.9 -4.496764342 4230 -4.298846471 4323.7 -4.433170818 4425.5 -5.199647456 4519.9 -5.94099209 4617.4 -4.487430867 4715.2 -5.005162032 4827.6 -4.940498713 4889.8 -5.320185777 4939.3 -5.70904362 4987.5 -7.160589554 5047.1 -7.025609008