# Lake Orurillo, Peru d2H and d18O Data Over the Past 5000 years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38443 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-lake-38443.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Paleolimnology # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/yk8r-x292 # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/peru/arnold2021/arnold2021-orurillo_a-15_b-15_d2H.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; d2H n-alkane Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-09-11 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-09-19 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Lake Orurillo, Peru d2H and d18O Data Over the Past 5000 years #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Arnold, T. Elliott #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: T. Elliott Arnold, Aubrey L. Hillman, Mark B. Abbott, Josef P. Werne, Steven J. McGrath, Elizabeth N. Arkush # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Published_Title: Drought and the collapse of the Tiwanaku Civilization: New evidence from Lake Orurillo, Peru # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 251 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 106693 # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106693 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Tiwanaku was a regionally significant, state level polity in the south-central Andes from ca. 500-1000 CE. The development of complex society in the region was greatly facilitated through intensified agricultural systems that relied on monsoonal precipitation. At the end of the first millennium CE, the Tiwanaku political regime collapsed, and their raised field systems were mostly abandoned within 200 years or less. It has been suggested that a prolonged period of aridity contributed to the collapse, but questions have remained about its chronology and severity. In this study, we investigated the relationship between d2Hwax and d18Ocalcite values, aridity and societal change. A period of nondeposition or erosion occurred between 915 and 1025 CE indicating a low lake stand exposing the core site. This extended and pronounced drought ending 1025 CE was recorded in the isotopic proxies extracted from lake sediments that show this period of aridity persisted into the 13th century. The broad agreement between our record and other regional paleoenvironmental archives of Holocene climate variability is consistent with Northern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns as a mechanism for driving centennial scale climate change in the Andes and supports the correspondence between prolonged drought and the collapse of Tiwanaku. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: BCS-1522824, BCS-1623368 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lake Orurillo # Location: Peru # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.76012 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.76012 # Easternmost_Longitude: -70.18021 # Westernmost_Longitude: -70.18021 # Elevation_m: 3844 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Orurillo_A-15_B-15_d2H # First_Year: 4988 # Last_Year: 208 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: 3.38 # Parameter_Keywords: hydrogen isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Radiocarbon # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-14c-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Radiocarbon terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples were analyzed at the Keck Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the University of California Irvine. # Rejection_Rationale: anomalously old ages close to an unconformity around 116.5 cm # Reservoir_Method: # Calibration_Method: CALIB 7.0 and the INTCAL13 calibration curve # Age_Model_Method: age-depth models from 0 to 116.5 and from 116.5 to 298.0 cm were created using the BACON 2.2 code # Missing_Values: NaN # Chronology_Table: # lab_code core_id depth_raw_cm depth_cm age_14C_BP1950 age_14C_2s_yr age_calib_CE age_calib_BP1950 age_calib_2s_yr material_dated notes date_used calib_curve # 172621 Orurillo A15 D1 5 25 -30 15 1956 -6 1 reeds AQUATIC yes IntCal13 # 172622 Orurillo A15 D1 27.5 47.5 420 30 1494 456 157 reeds AQUATIC yes IntCal13 # 224575 Orurillo A15 D1 42 62 460 170 1488 462 639 charcoal/wood yes IntCal13 # 224576 Orurillo A15 D1 58.5 78.5 420 270 1530 420 661 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224577 Orurillo A15 D1 72.5 92.5 470 170 1477 473 894 charcoal/wood yes IntCal13 # 224580 Orurillo B15 D1 19.5 100 970 160 1053 897 600 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224581 Orurillo B15 D1 22.5 103 760 180 1224 726 732 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224582 Orurillo B15 D1 37.5 118 1640 240 376 1574 719 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224583 Orurillo B15 D1 40.5 121 1530 110 508 1442 429 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 172623 Orurillo A15 D2 9.5 124.5 2850 15 -959 2909 71 reeds AQUATIC no # 164752 Orurillo A15 D2 27.5 142.5 1655 30 449 1501 152 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 209787 Orurillo A15 D2 27.5 142.5 2275 20 -372 2322 162 no # 224584 Orurillo B15 D1 77 157.5 1780 180 239 1711 478 vegetation yes IntCal13 # 224578 Orurillo A15 D2 68 183 2250 100 -295 2322 697 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 172624 Orurillo A15 D2 80 195 2300 20 -304 2254 151 reeds AQUATIC yes IntCal13 # 164753 Orurillo A15 D3 16.5 228.5 2620 30 -777 2727 266 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 224585 Orurillo B15 D2 90.5 252.5 3020 150 -1244 3194 715 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 209788 Orurillo A15 D3 45.5 257.5 3670 60 -2054 4004 313 yes IntCal13 # 224579 Orurillo A15 D3 49.5 261.5 3370 220 -1685 3635 1171 charcoal yes IntCal13 # 164754 Orurillo A15 D3 74.5 287 4285 40 -2855 4805 285 seeds yes IntCal13 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sample sample identification,,,,,Paleolimnology,,,C, ## depth depth,,,centimeter,,Paleolimnology,averaged,,N, ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,Paleolimnology,,,N, ## C23-d2H delta 2H,C23 n-alkane,,per mil VSMOW,,Paleolimnology,,,N,C23- d2H 23-carbon n-alkane ## C25-d2H delta 2H,C25 n-alkane,,per mil VSMOW,,Paleolimnology,,,N,C25- d2H 25-carbon n-alkane ## C27-d2H delta 2H,C27 n-alkane,,per mil VSMOW,,Paleolimnology,,,N,C27- d2H 27-carbon n-alkane ## C29-d2H delta 2H,C29 n-alkane,,per mil VSMOW,,Paleolimnology,,,N,C29- d2H 29-carbon n-alkane ## C31-d2H delta 2H,C31 n-alkane,,per mil VSMOW,,Paleolimnology,,,N,C31- d2H 31-carbon n-alkane #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sample depth age C23-d2H C25-d2H C27-d2H C29-d2H C31-d2H oru d1 17-20 38.50 207.80 -210.27 -204.77 -202.62 -222.15 -231.56 oru d1 22-25 42.50 287.00 -204.48 -210.87 -208.78 -225.74 -236.79 oru d1 25-28 46.50 326.80 -212.51 -206.47 -207.68 -222.90 -234.33 oru d1 35-37 56.00 413.20 -200.43 -203.04 -200.08 -216.69 -224.37 oru d1 36-39 57.50 425.50 -212.53 -208.77 -206.25 -222.60 -236.01 oru d1 42-46 64.00 476.20 -204.05 -207.98 -208.68 -229.14 -236.51 oru d1 55-59 77.00 572.70 -201.25 -199.04 -198.27 -224.06 -230.50 oru d1 65-70 87.50 651.90 -175.24 -201.35 -195.23 -208.12 -219.14 oru d1 71-76 93.50 697.60 -177.30 -200.74 -193.27 -206.74 -225.69 oru d1 77-80 98.50 745.50 -172.51 -195.47 -176.40 -205.33 -210.12 oru d1 86-88 106.00 820.10 -162.54 -192.49 -201.16 -217.55 -221.18 oru d2 5-11 123.00 1159.10 -216.20 -212.53 -231.96 -235.51 -240.57 oru d2 29-33 146.00 1601.80 -208.44 -216.80 -208.05 -227.73 -237.85 oru d2 40-44 156.50 1769.10 -222.34 -218.15 -216.33 -222.87 -229.64 oru d2 42-45 158.50 1794.10 -217.88 -213.78 -209.26 -210.98 -210.16 oru d2 54-57 170.50 1985.20 -227.51 -225.08 -223.12 -226.89 -230.73 oru d2 55-58 171.50 2001.10 -226.50 -220.11 -216.68 -215.22 -213.18 oru d2 69-80 189.50 2274.20 -202.20 -208.36 -212.79 -213.69 -220.80 oru d2 90-94 207.00 2480.80 -224.13 -214.09 -212.90 -220.46 -229.05 oru d2 91-94 208.50 2488.00 -213.98 -212.84 -212.63 -218.15 -218.17 oru d3 13-17 225.00 2744.10 -196.98 -199.83 -196.16 -218.14 -230.95 oru d3 18-21 229.50 2833.20 -193.00 -192.04 -192.53 -214.82 -226.27 oru d3 24-27 235.50 3030.80 -197.43 -207.83 -203.39 -220.90 -230.81 oru d3 35-37 246.00 3400.90 -211.89 -212.30 -207.63 -226.55 -235.39 oru d3 41-43 252.00 3680.90 -206.40 -207.12 -201.74 -218.54 -229.80 oru d3 62-65 273.50 4442.70 -212.43 -216.75 -218.31 -222.88 -230.40 oru d3 83-85 294.00 4987.50 -208.40 -200.20 -203.95 -211.45 -214.26