Boreal Canada Regional Holocene Climate Reconstructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Boreal Canada Regional Holocene Climate Reconstructions LAST UPDATE: 6/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Andre Viau, University of Ottawa IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-064 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Viau, A.E. and K. Gajewski. 2009. Boreal Canada Regional Holocene Climate Reconstructions. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-064. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Viau, A.E. and K. Gajewski. 2009. Reconstructing Millennial-scale, Regional Paleoclimates of Boreal Canada during the Holocene. Journal of Climate, Vol. 22, pp. 316-330. DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2342.1 ABSTRACT: Regional paleoclimate reconstructions for northern Canada quantify Holocene climate variability on orbital and millennial time scales and provide a context to better understand the current global warming. The reconstructions are based on available pollen diagrams from the boreal and low Arctic zones of Canada and use the modern analog technique (MAT). Four regional reconstructions document the space- time evolution of the climate during the Holocene. Highest summer and winter temperatures anomalies are found in central Canada during the early Holocene. Eastern Canada was relatively cool in the early Holocene, whereas central Canada was warmest at that time. Labrador was relatively dry in the early to mid-Holocene during which time western Canada was relatively moist. Millennial-scale temperature variations, especially the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are seen across the continent, with some suggestion of time- transgressive changes from west to east. At the millennial scale, precipitation anomalies are of opposite signs in eastern and western Canada. The results herein indicate that modern increases in temperatures in northern Canada far exceed natural millennial-scale climate variability. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Northern North America PERIOD OF RECORD: 12 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Polar Climate Stability Network (PCSN) funded by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS). DESCRIPTION: Regional temperature (July and Jan) and annual precipitation reconstructions for Boreal Canada (between 50 and 70°N) based on 117 fossil pollen records for the Holocene. Labrador region (50°-70°N, 50°-65°W) Northern Quebec region (50°-70°N, 65°-80°W) Central Boreal Canada (50°-70°N, 80°-120°W) MacKenzie region (50°-70°N, 120°-140°W) DATA: 1. Pollen Sites Site ID Lat °N Lon °W Region 11 53.00 -85.17 Central 51 50.87 -107.93 Central 56 67.83 -115.32 Central 65 55.27 -105.27 Central 83 61.24 -100.95 Central 84 61.17 -100.92 Central 96 53.00 -98.25 Central 135 53.24 -105.73 Central 136 53.80 -106.08 Central 152 62.63 -101.23 Central 155 56.84 -101.04 Central 181 61.58 -103.48 Central 216 50.72 -99.65 Central 217 54.31 -84.56 Central 244 63.03 -100.75 Central 427 52.12 -90.08 Central 451 59.25 -114.15 Central 452 62.05 -118.70 Central 455 56.72 -119.72 Central 458 50.77 -114.60 Central 463 57.77 -112.10 Central 529 64.12 -110.57 Central 530 64.13 -110.58 Central 531 56.77 -119.48 Central 584 52.24 -117.22 Central 806 51.38 -94.25 Central 1068 50.22 -80.20 Central 1080 50.75 -116.33 Central 1152 51.65 -116.42 Central 1281 51.36 -116.35 Central 1282 51.34 -116.31 Central 2300 52.73 -118.37 Central 2301 52.78 -117.08 Central 2302 52.73 -117.62 Central 2304 52.78 -117.12 Central 3 53.33 -60.58 Labrador 4 52.52 -57.03 Labrador 6 54.58 -57.37 Labrador 29 55.33 -63.20 Labrador 41 55.67 -63.25 Labrador 48 53.60 -64.32 Labrador 49 53.58 -64.30 Labrador 80 53.23 -58.55 Labrador 98 55.03 -62.63 Labrador 106 58.20 -63.03 Labrador 109 55.47 -60.28 Labrador 124 56.07 -63.75 Labrador 148 52.45 -56.43 Labrador 160 56.78 -64.83 Labrador 173 52.27 -58.05 Labrador 177 56.53 -61.82 Labrador 188 53.52 -60.17 Labrador 193 53.05 -57.75 Labrador 219 56.77 -64.82 Labrador 229 54.40 -57.72 Labrador 245 56.63 -63.88 Labrador 246 53.58 -63.95 Labrador 251 53.95 -58.92 Labrador 270 57.38 -62.05 Labrador 282 51.52 -57.30 Labrador 854 50.03 -56.20 Labrador 871 67.05 -50.47 Labrador 972 51.60 -55.53 Labrador 1073 56.67 -64.68 Labrador 295 64.63 -138.40 MacKenzie 453 65.22 -126.12 MacKenzie 454 57.45 -120.67 MacKenzie 459 59.52 -122.17 MacKenzie 807 65.22 -127.05 MacKenzie 848 50.50 -121.50 MacKenzie 974 65.23 -126.42 MacKenzie 1140 63.02 -128.80 MacKenzie 1259 68.38 -138.38 MacKenzie 1332 53.42 -131.75 MacKenzie 1345 54.42 -131.91 MacKenzie 1346 53.27 -132.41 MacKenzie 1450 64.65 -128.08 MacKenzie 1451 64.17 -127.62 MacKenzie 1452 65.02 -127.48 MacKenzie 1549 68.27 -133.47 MacKenzie 1550 67.65 -132.02 MacKenzie 1551 69.05 -133.45 MacKenzie 1552 65.95 -135.93 MacKenzie 3170 59.20 -135.40 MacKenzie 3179 61.68 -130.65 MacKenzie 3180 60.03 -129.02 MacKenzie 3500 69.28 -133.58 MacKenzie 3501 69.12 -132.17 MacKenzie 20 54.05 -76.12 Quebec 31 55.25 -67.40 Quebec 45 54.80 -76.15 Quebec 46 53.09 -76.34 Quebec 67 54.88 -69.40 Quebec 69 54.42 -69.93 Quebec 73 60.99 -69.96 Quebec 112 66.14 -66.08 Quebec 119 54.03 -76.64 Quebec 128 54.80 -67.50 Quebec 179 57.65 -71.65 Quebec 210 57.63 -65.17 Quebec 218 58.23 -72.07 Quebec 235 50.14 -67.13 Quebec 267 55.77 -65.17 Quebec 269 55.02 -67.50 Quebec 383 54.42 -69.92 Quebec 384 54.36 -70.36 Quebec 425 60.78 -69.83 Quebec 475 57.12 -76.38 Quebec 476 58.14 -75.15 Quebec 477 58.58 -75.25 Quebec 487 58.87 -71.72 Quebec 495 58.22 -71.95 Quebec 497 58.23 -72.07 Quebec 534 56.28 -75.10 Quebec 535 56.10 -75.28 Quebec 536 58.58 -75.25 Quebec 586 57.92 -75.62 Quebec 2. Labrador region (50°-70°N, 50°-65°W) Climate Reconstructions Time in cal/yr BP Temperature anomalies in °C Annual precipitation anomaly in mm. Time JulyTanom JanTanom Ann.P.anom Site density 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 15 100 -0.2787 -0.5937 -26.8331 18 200 -0.0215 0.0186 4.1326 19 300 0.0095 0.3627 15.0822 23 400 -0.2774 -0.4620 -10.9449 25 500 -0.3954 -0.7936 -22.4368 25 600 -0.2424 -0.2541 -6.4595 25 700 -0.2064 0.1713 16.8173 26 800 0.0879 0.3847 44.4451 26 900 0.1104 0.0667 31.4892 26 1000 0.1986 -0.7829 -0.8615 26 1100 0.2558 -0.7992 -2.3144 26 1200 0.0511 -0.4029 1.2586 26 1300 0.0589 0.3393 20.8070 27 1400 0.1860 0.7858 33.4092 27 1500 -0.0381 0.9346 60.3212 27 1600 -0.2199 0.0327 11.7144 27 1700 -0.3729 -0.3996 -31.0106 27 1800 0.0023 -0.0033 -2.6334 27 1900 0.0313 -1.2927 -56.4519 27 2000 0.1336 -0.4304 -29.3376 27 2100 0.2208 -0.0205 -7.7533 27 2200 0.1435 0.0500 14.4355 27 2300 0.3793 0.3557 1.7260 27 2400 0.3345 0.5124 -0.4901 27 2500 0.3199 0.1861 -12.9193 27 2600 0.4498 -0.4558 -51.6051 28 2700 0.5933 -1.5755 -99.5920 28 2800 0.8147 -1.8140 -116.4356 28 2900 0.7417 -1.8345 -114.2967 28 3000 0.6165 -2.0295 -103.5551 28 3100 0.5487 -1.7973 -98.6199 28 3200 0.6347 -1.6470 -91.9091 28 3300 0.8311 -1.5199 -81.8281 28 3400 0.8606 -0.7844 -76.4626 28 3500 0.8794 -0.1984 -69.7019 28 3600 0.9101 -0.2970 -70.1062 28 3700 0.9085 -0.4202 -51.2026 28 3800 0.8432 -0.4074 -49.1636 29 3900 0.8047 -0.4245 -51.2015 29 4000 0.7788 -0.4059 -56.2799 29 4100 0.7452 -0.3280 -60.7210 29 4200 0.7300 -0.2967 -71.0099 29 4300 0.7493 -0.2787 -77.9385 29 4400 0.8947 -0.1817 -80.7578 29 4500 0.8123 -0.7591 -109.4754 29 4600 0.6207 -0.8026 -101.1544 29 4700 0.5900 -1.2058 -94.6223 29 4800 0.6351 -1.8876 -139.5898 29 4900 0.3479 -2.0358 -145.2681 29 5000 0.2964 -1.8362 -149.4054 29 5100 0.1934 -1.5640 -132.5654 29 5200 0.1302 -1.5719 -122.9801 29 5300 0.1432 -1.3937 -123.3185 29 5400 -0.0039 -1.4666 -117.7588 28 5500 -0.0366 -1.6606 -144.7456 28 5600 0.1073 -1.5489 -174.3259 28 5700 0.0732 -2.0029 -211.2040 28 5800 -0.5985 -2.5520 -196.5680 28 5900 -0.8105 -3.0586 -232.6730 27 6000 -0.8163 -3.1943 -248.6488 26 6100 -0.7646 -2.4399 -248.6868 26 6200 -0.8430 -2.0384 -242.3325 25 6300 -0.9552 -2.0670 -218.4544 25 6400 -1.0229 -2.6908 -218.5095 24 6500 -0.7515 -2.8219 -235.4006 23 6600 -0.5302 -1.4273 -213.3861 23 6700 -0.8491 -2.1591 -233.0816 23 6800 -1.0258 -2.6668 -252.0683 23 6900 -1.0160 -3.4187 -254.2474 22 7000 -0.9490 -2.9146 -204.1318 21 7100 -0.4405 -2.6096 -234.2788 21 7200 -0.2374 -2.8154 -311.4972 20 7300 -0.6967 -4.2752 -361.1124 19 7400 -1.5423 -5.8187 -374.2682 18 7500 -1.6047 -6.4041 -393.4708 18 7600 -1.6789 -6.1019 -373.9178 17 7700 -1.0125 -5.4108 -338.9668 15 7800 -1.5925 -5.4508 -302.4715 13 7900 -1.3339 -6.0566 -300.4281 13 8000 -1.1005 -6.2641 -263.5831 12 8100 -0.6830 -5.6170 -261.8722 12 8200 -0.9192 -4.9502 -245.6285 12 8300 -1.2399 -4.7490 -247.5444 12 8400 -1.6167 -4.7394 -241.9801 12 8500 -1.8929 -4.9104 -247.8900 12 8600 -2.0467 -5.4957 -279.6315 12 8700 -2.1669 -6.0753 -312.8672 12 8800 -2.1899 -6.3759 -348.3522 12 8900 -2.1727 -6.2077 -358.9173 12 9000 -2.2205 -5.9595 -360.1521 12 9100 -2.3929 -5.4674 -341.1694 12 9200 -2.4864 -5.3560 -345.5022 12 9300 -2.2365 -5.9454 -387.6952 12 9400 -2.0217 -6.8160 -435.2732 12 9500 -2.3443 -7.8282 -414.0734 12 9600 -2.7326 -8.7059 -383.6188 12 9700 -2.7832 -8.9774 -382.4803 12 9800 -2.1794 -8.5267 -424.0435 12 9900 -2.0877 -8.1608 -414.8312 12 10000 -1.6920 -9.5936 -521.9685 11 10100 -1.4615 -9.6291 -535.1083 11 10200 -1.6359 -9.6283 -537.7470 11 10300 -1.6587 -9.2613 -504.0610 11 10400 -1.7891 -8.6419 -461.7100 11 10500 -1.9621 -8.4062 -454.8704 11 10600 -2.5656 -8.8010 -489.2261 11 10700 -2.7981 -10.6943 -558.1916 10 10800 -2.7867 -11.1326 -583.7727 10 10900 -2.9421 -10.6071 -573.6813 10 11000 -3.8286 -10.7273 -538.8222 9 11100 -4.3481 -10.7525 -539.9689 9 11200 -5.0365 -12.1280 -589.5293 9 11300 -4.2164 -13.4965 -608.0363 6 11400 -3.8953 -13.9169 -576.8697 6 11500 -3.3254 -14.5686 -670.1468 5 11600 -3.6687 -13.6578 -635.3763 5 11700 -3.9315 -10.1555 -486.0790 4 11800 -3.6460 -10.2809 -550.9354 3 11900 -4.3072 -8.3995 -533.4422 2 3. Northern Quebec region (50°-70°N, 65°-80°W) Climate Reconstructions Time in cal/yr BP Temperature anomalies in °C Annual precipitation anomaly in mm. Time JulyTanom JanTanom Ann.P.anom Site density 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 18 100 -0.1976 0.1732 3.9545 21 200 -0.2838 0.2342 9.4821 22 300 -0.3924 -0.5867 7.0033 23 400 -0.4076 -0.9580 10.1988 24 500 -0.4513 -0.9602 25.3008 26 600 -0.4543 -0.5023 44.0317 28 700 -0.4328 -0.5641 28.0486 28 800 -0.4884 -0.8889 5.8539 28 900 -0.2423 -0.3057 23.2245 28 1000 -0.1604 -0.4874 24.1759 28 1100 -0.3434 -0.0195 44.3448 28 1200 -0.2911 -0.7364 33.3633 28 1300 -0.2590 -0.6211 45.1721 28 1400 -0.2105 -0.7863 28.4143 28 1500 -0.2027 -0.1319 41.9948 28 1600 -0.1683 0.0924 52.7082 28 1700 -0.1664 0.5330 50.7629 28 1800 -0.2217 0.6603 45.4941 28 1900 -0.1422 0.1781 32.5209 29 2000 0.0411 0.0720 5.3900 29 2100 -0.0603 0.2890 8.5124 29 2200 -0.0362 0.4955 26.4935 29 2300 -0.1277 0.1263 24.0389 29 2400 -0.1527 -0.2829 9.5016 29 2500 -0.2025 -0.0572 15.3691 29 2600 -0.1254 0.1337 14.5631 29 2700 -0.1046 0.2696 25.5268 29 2800 -0.2091 0.3975 12.0494 29 2900 -0.1017 0.2064 -2.1973 29 3000 0.1612 -0.0330 -19.4490 29 3100 0.2399 -0.1132 -16.3383 29 3200 0.3461 0.2477 2.6127 29 3300 0.1518 -0.4554 -10.3099 29 3400 -0.0569 -0.4839 -6.3948 29 3500 0.0966 -0.3258 -13.4717 29 3600 0.0483 -0.2599 -0.8355 29 3700 -0.1434 0.1635 22.7231 29 3800 -0.2017 -0.4042 23.3987 29 3900 0.1490 -0.5089 -5.9750 29 4000 0.1117 -1.2002 -31.0049 29 4100 -0.0066 -0.9953 -28.1743 29 4200 0.0431 -0.9608 -37.4064 29 4300 0.1135 -1.0972 -39.4748 29 4400 -0.0967 -0.9505 -15.3461 29 4500 -0.2725 -1.1696 -25.6573 29 4600 -0.3222 -0.9692 -21.9646 29 4700 -0.4113 -0.9604 -24.8896 29 4800 -0.2741 -1.4721 -51.4433 29 4900 -0.3864 -1.5140 -40.3023 29 5000 -0.3976 -1.4252 -30.1294 29 5100 -0.3743 -1.6373 -46.2344 29 5200 -0.2978 -1.1950 -58.5921 28 5300 -0.3665 -1.2244 -62.6417 28 5400 -0.4686 -1.3727 -60.6797 28 5500 -0.3955 -1.2960 -62.1417 28 5600 -0.2655 -1.1913 -72.7600 28 5700 -0.2040 -1.3291 -85.9258 27 5800 -0.1596 -1.0815 -74.2476 27 5900 -0.2093 -1.3284 -73.5905 27 6000 -0.3580 -2.0018 -72.1226 26 6100 -0.5334 -1.8486 -78.0742 26 6200 -0.6546 -1.7502 -80.5423 26 6300 -0.9153 -1.5466 -59.1675 26 6400 -0.9796 -1.4611 -59.5831 25 6500 -0.9727 -1.2800 -37.3489 25 6600 -0.8341 -1.0436 -33.8056 24 6700 -0.6882 -0.9769 -44.6222 23 6800 -0.4149 -1.0947 -55.3744 21 6900 -0.1736 -0.6717 -53.9045 21 7000 -0.1195 -0.6015 -51.2200 18 7100 -0.1831 -0.1782 -40.8874 17 7200 -0.2056 0.5420 -10.7906 16 7300 -0.3364 -0.4604 -65.5343 16 7400 -0.3457 0.3579 -20.9015 14 7500 -0.0998 0.2569 -26.5461 13 7600 0.3923 0.8241 -49.0909 11 7700 -0.2583 0.5776 -56.2934 11 7800 0.0945 -0.2487 -49.5858 11 7900 1.2318 1.2976 -8.9124 9 8000 1.4434 1.6441 5.0638 8 8100 1.0611 1.0852 -32.2441 7 8200 1.1030 0.1064 -41.2645 6 8300 0.5278 -1.0012 -49.2226 6 8400 0.4924 1.0355 -15.9520 5 8500 -0.2920 0.1382 -43.0496 3 8600 -0.8169 -1.0228 -84.4948 2 8700 -1.8870 -1.4424 -113.2365 2 8800 -2.9115 -1.8238 -139.3551 2 8900 -3.0702 -1.4799 -115.6337 2 9000 -3.2290 -1.1360 -91.9124 2 4. Central Boreal Canada (50°-70°N, 80°-120°W) Climate Reconstructions Time in cal/yr BP Temperature anomalies in °C Annual precipitation anomaly in mm. Time JulyTanom JanTanom Ann.P.anom Site density 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 21 100 -0.0209 -0.1275 7.0695 26 200 0.1072 0.1627 -0.5736 28 300 0.0430 0.1197 -0.4955 30 400 0.0127 0.2505 -5.1846 34 500 0.1379 0.4779 -9.3401 34 600 0.1943 0.6497 0.2363 34 700 0.1439 0.7792 8.4991 35 800 0.1740 0.9042 7.4195 35 900 0.3598 0.9326 3.9679 35 1000 0.8102 1.1190 8.2454 35 1100 0.8275 1.0487 12.0645 34 1200 0.3964 0.7708 -1.4009 34 1300 0.1322 0.6910 2.4208 34 1400 0.1966 1.4558 -6.2998 34 1500 0.1586 0.9011 20.7422 34 1600 -0.0254 0.5852 14.8457 34 1700 -0.1318 0.4711 7.8027 35 1800 -0.1876 0.3814 -0.1408 35 1900 -0.1857 0.3814 -11.1431 35 2000 -0.2066 0.7328 -2.7518 35 2100 -0.0825 1.1863 18.7381 35 2200 0.1542 1.0538 22.1346 35 2300 0.1859 1.3789 27.6336 34 2400 0.2180 1.4187 23.3489 34 2500 0.3710 1.5529 31.2362 34 2600 0.3723 1.3910 31.3070 34 2700 0.1704 1.0767 24.9481 34 2800 0.1222 1.2860 36.3027 34 2900 0.2500 2.0206 2.0477 34 3000 0.4316 1.9745 1.5475 34 3100 0.4881 1.0195 1.3930 35 3200 0.6592 1.1699 -4.1205 34 3300 0.4749 1.2097 -14.7033 34 3400 0.6347 0.8182 -13.4620 34 3500 0.7081 1.1804 8.4925 34 3600 0.5552 1.5308 16.4859 34 3700 0.5707 1.3049 19.1233 34 3800 0.5055 1.6427 12.5585 34 3900 0.5650 1.0262 8.8931 34 4000 0.4789 0.8304 7.5087 34 4100 0.5114 0.8930 34.1463 34 4200 0.5815 1.2584 36.9023 32 4300 0.7547 0.7899 9.6657 32 4400 0.9301 1.2472 28.4014 32 4500 1.0508 1.2668 14.3955 32 4600 1.1449 1.7021 22.6761 32 4700 1.0929 1.7876 28.3248 32 4800 0.8473 1.8931 40.3006 32 4900 0.7008 1.7573 31.4730 32 5000 0.6646 1.9715 40.4682 32 5100 0.8550 2.1232 38.3622 32 5200 0.5652 2.0609 40.8552 32 5300 0.7533 1.9606 52.9607 32 5400 0.5452 1.4257 55.5177 31 5500 0.7835 1.5010 57.5481 31 5600 0.8821 1.8255 54.3174 31 5700 0.6685 1.4196 51.1579 31 5800 1.0306 1.8274 49.9677 31 5900 0.9674 1.4980 33.0534 32 6000 0.5909 0.9165 36.2209 32 6100 0.7762 1.7383 43.0573 32 6200 0.7741 2.2296 49.7427 32 6300 0.3840 1.0731 28.7301 32 6400 0.4900 0.7322 -0.5718 31 6500 0.0860 0.5786 0.1733 31 6600 0.1336 0.6403 1.3873 31 6700 0.3224 1.2639 15.9683 30 6800 0.6560 1.9259 25.6086 29 6900 0.7679 1.8654 18.5101 29 7000 0.2912 1.1018 12.3571 29 7100 0.2382 0.8921 1.5523 29 7200 0.2579 0.7539 -13.1503 28 7300 0.3600 1.1324 -7.5655 28 7400 0.6870 1.5009 11.1855 28 7500 0.6800 1.4923 3.1058 27 7600 0.7649 1.9213 17.9353 26 7700 1.1064 2.5382 26.6195 26 7800 0.8821 1.6757 -13.7631 26 7900 0.9680 1.6498 -6.2384 25 8000 0.7228 1.3538 -4.2692 25 8100 0.4988 1.0644 -15.5754 25 8200 1.1880 1.9467 -29.2198 24 8300 2.0268 2.0310 -35.9765 24 8400 1.8454 1.2190 -48.9732 24 8500 1.7649 1.0084 -55.9033 24 8600 1.0007 0.3091 -39.9118 24 8700 0.7974 0.6104 -13.7498 24 8800 1.7513 1.4672 -20.0262 24 8900 2.2030 1.7657 -32.8494 23 9000 1.8747 1.1514 -44.4038 23 9100 2.0948 1.0845 -56.5111 22 9200 2.2492 1.9589 -47.9293 22 9300 1.4209 1.1556 -56.3363 22 9400 1.1654 0.8614 -43.2060 21 9500 1.3624 1.0983 -43.6072 20 9600 1.7245 1.8877 -55.2966 20 9700 1.7488 2.0659 -44.2708 20 9800 2.2211 1.9975 -80.8425 20 9900 2.7031 2.2220 -106.4913 20 10000 2.8062 2.8395 -98.8011 20 10100 2.5076 2.8955 -111.0280 19 10200 2.5001 2.7986 -130.6757 17 10300 2.3013 2.8162 -111.2805 17 10400 1.4158 2.7910 -65.8827 17 10500 1.4035 3.0756 -61.3912 17 10600 1.6373 3.6562 -57.3312 16 10700 2.1037 3.8071 -67.2017 16 10800 1.3842 2.5588 -67.3668 15 10900 1.7770 2.7818 -63.9850 14 11000 1.8215 2.9526 -61.8125 14 11100 1.7399 3.2454 -72.4122 14 11200 2.0449 3.2845 -105.2780 13 11300 2.3534 3.6745 -133.4058 12 11400 2.1261 3.5182 -132.3033 12 11500 2.0050 3.3988 -107.6688 12 11600 1.5597 3.6913 -84.9694 11 11700 2.4089 3.8776 -90.2200 10 11800 2.0480 4.5325 -44.5302 8 11900 0.9243 2.9163 -75.6649 6 5. MacKenzie region (50°-70°N, 120°-140°W) Climate Reconstructions Time in cal/yr BP Temperature anomalies in °C Annual precipitation anomaly in mm. Time JulyTanom JanTanom Ann.P.anom Site density 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 15 100 -0.1359 -0.3372 -0.5813 22 200 -0.2878 -0.4330 7.6891 23 300 -0.3899 -0.4562 16.0917 24 400 -0.4632 -0.3796 25.1868 24 500 -0.3988 -0.2460 16.1308 24 600 -0.2759 -0.2607 -0.8407 24 700 -0.2729 -0.3679 -13.2102 24 800 -0.0867 -0.2756 -7.0783 24 900 -0.0791 -0.1985 7.7366 24 1000 -0.2160 -0.0855 51.3600 24 1100 0.0091 0.5431 104.3361 24 1200 0.2347 0.7943 65.4734 24 1300 -0.0154 -0.3764 -1.7923 24 1400 0.1075 -0.3029 0.2765 24 1500 0.0934 -0.4272 -2.6009 24 1600 0.1230 -0.2409 -3.8124 24 1700 0.1611 -0.3674 -5.3062 24 1800 0.0402 -0.3245 -2.1232 24 1900 -0.1895 -0.3869 4.4396 24 2000 -0.1561 -0.0941 5.1366 24 2100 0.1513 -0.1173 -3.0288 24 2200 0.1696 -0.1178 -1.9337 24 2300 0.1961 -0.3551 -2.0784 24 2400 0.1181 -0.3032 1.9028 24 2500 -0.0178 -0.2204 10.8539 24 2600 -0.0103 -0.1663 17.7487 24 2700 0.0450 -0.2263 13.1890 24 2800 -0.1095 -0.4675 11.0671 24 2900 -0.3715 -0.6384 16.3958 24 3000 -0.3336 -0.5629 17.7297 24 3100 -0.2453 -0.5345 17.0567 24 3200 -0.3886 -0.6725 19.5803 23 3300 -0.4263 -0.7185 19.8077 23 3400 -0.5423 -0.8348 22.4766 23 3500 -0.8014 -1.0299 30.1389 23 3600 -0.8611 -1.1703 34.2973 23 3700 -0.8125 -1.1615 33.6474 23 3800 -0.6916 -1.0367 31.2615 23 3900 -0.8327 -0.9895 37.2427 23 4000 -0.9839 -0.8930 40.4173 23 4100 -0.8253 -0.5911 38.3797 23 4200 -0.6015 -0.3093 32.1697 23 4300 -0.5169 -0.1404 20.9472 23 4400 -0.3459 0.1173 19.0021 23 4500 -0.1528 0.1285 27.9880 23 4600 0.0094 0.2216 37.3800 23 4700 0.0220 0.4015 47.1658 23 4800 -0.0054 0.6106 57.0351 23 4900 0.1077 0.6870 59.2307 23 5000 0.2185 0.6342 53.8354 23 5100 0.2025 0.3770 44.8718 23 5200 0.1672 0.2286 40.2517 23 5300 0.2335 0.3364 35.6904 23 5400 0.2150 0.3073 38.9586 23 5500 0.0825 0.3466 47.2826 23 5600 0.1152 0.3469 38.3255 23 5700 -0.2163 0.1764 35.0359 23 5800 -0.1330 0.2355 32.5129 23 5900 -0.2128 0.4793 40.3194 23 6000 -0.2424 0.2079 45.5672 23 6100 -0.0446 0.0481 49.7752 23 6200 -0.0960 -0.2721 45.3984 23 6300 -0.0995 0.0860 54.5087 23 6400 0.1464 0.2767 33.3888 23 6500 0.3431 0.1888 8.4415 23 6600 0.0396 0.2867 13.8400 23 6700 0.0822 0.3235 5.2555 23 6800 0.1343 0.4804 21.5386 23 6900 0.3023 0.5118 27.7758 23 7000 0.0452 0.5843 61.0193 23 7100 0.0086 0.3454 83.3188 23 7200 -0.0512 0.1250 118.8428 23 7300 -0.4304 -0.5773 124.3616 23 7400 -0.8118 -1.5909 100.8510 23 7500 -0.1686 -1.5518 70.8236 23 7600 0.2716 -1.0147 31.2551 23 7700 0.4434 -0.7240 24.4262 23 7800 0.3266 -0.5222 50.1378 23 7900 0.2047 -0.3956 56.7325 23 8000 -0.0900 0.1347 110.7025 21 8100 -0.5175 -0.0100 133.5973 21 8200 -0.4627 0.2340 150.7811 21 8300 -0.1565 0.7214 163.4522 21 8400 -0.3454 0.3382 184.9512 21 8500 -0.4045 0.1224 211.2872 21 8600 0.1007 0.7973 201.6561 21 8700 0.1149 1.0024 170.2504 21 8800 -0.1877 0.4782 122.0253 21 8900 -0.2014 0.2336 84.3275 21 9000 0.2486 0.8688 89.6255 21 9100 0.3512 1.2645 87.3956 21 9200 0.0515 0.7156 52.9195 21 9300 -0.0674 0.3047 30.9059 21 9400 -0.1041 0.0612 28.3320 21 9500 -0.2051 -0.2428 36.4241 21 9600 -0.4983 -0.4680 53.7024 21 9700 -0.9114 0.0140 72.8881 21 9800 -1.0637 0.0262 49.3233 21 9900 -1.1428 0.3863 49.5368 21 10000 -1.0184 0.4063 49.2905 21 10100 -1.0143 0.6281 55.2060 21 10200 -0.9184 0.6196 58.8249 21 10300 -0.8629 0.8407 64.0854 21 10400 -1.0604 0.7806 77.8046 21 10500 -1.3072 0.9024 78.6007 21 10600 -1.5399 1.7544 77.2342 21 10700 -1.9269 1.0121 72.4735 20 10800 -1.8468 1.6360 55.2261 20 10900 -2.2635 1.6183 37.1192 20 11000 -2.3719 1.9079 -7.3152 19 11100 -2.4755 2.3226 -11.6639 19 11200 -2.1708 1.3471 -14.3931 18 11300 -1.8835 1.3977 -6.7893 18 11400 -1.4980 1.2564 13.5732 17 11500 -1.5778 1.2364 23.0914 14 11600 -1.4760 0.2049 -31.3064 12 11700 -1.1558 0.1563 -13.1679 8 11800 1.6450 2.0791 -121.6193 5