# Bermuda Coral Sr/Ca and d18O Data and SST Reconstruction 1781-1998 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:6115 # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24611 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bermuda2008.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2008-10 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bermuda Brain Coral Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity Reconstruction 1781-1998 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Curry, W.B.; Doney, S.C.; Ostermann, D.R. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. Coral Sr/Ca and d18O data from a 225-year old Diploria labyrinthiformis colony collected on the south shore of Bermuda (64W, 32N), on the southeastern edge of the Bermuda platform, at 16 m water depth. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Curry, W.B.; Doney, S.C.; Ostermann, D.R. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008-07-08 # Published_Title: Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end of the Little Ice Age # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 23 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1029/2007PA001532 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, W.B. Curry, S.C. Doney, and D.R. Ostermann. 2008. Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end of the Little Ice Age. Paleoceanography, 23, PA3203, doi:10.1029/2007PA001532. # Abstract: We use geochemical and isotope measurements on a 225-year old brain coral (Diploria labyrinthiformis) from the south shore of Bermuda (64W, 32N) to construct a record of decadal-to-centennial-scale climate variability. The coral was collected alive, and annual density bands visible in X radiographs delineate cold and warm seasons allowing for precise dating. Coral skeletons incorporate strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) in relative proportions inversely to the sea surface temperature (SST) in which the skeleton is secreted. Previous studies on this and other coral colonies from this region document the ability to reconstruct mean annual andwintertime SST using Sr/Ca measurements (Goodkin et al., 2007, 2005). The coral-based records of SST for the past 2 centuries show abrupt shifts at both decadal and centennial timescales and suggest that SST at the end of the Little Ice Age (between 1840 and 1860) was 1.5C-0.4C colder than today (1990s). Coral-reconstructed SST has a greater magnitude change than does a gridded instrumental SST record from this region. This may result from several physical processes including high rates of mesoscale eddy propagation in this region. Oxygen isotope values (d18O) of the coral skeleton reflect changes in both temperature and the d18O of seawater (dOw),where dOw is proportional to sea surface salinity (SSS). We show in this study that mean annual and wintertime d18O of the carbonate (dOc) are correlated to both SST and SSS, but a robust, quantitative measure of SSS is not found with present calibration data. In combination, however, the Sr/Ca and dOc qualitatively reconstruct lower salinities at the end of the Little Ice Age relative to modern day. Temperature changes agree with other records from the Bermuda region. Radiative and atmospheric forcing may explain some of the SST variability, but the scales of implied changes in SST and SSS indicate large-scale ocean circulation impacts as well. #------------------ # Authors: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G.J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database # Journal_Name: Data Science Journal # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: Anderson, D.M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M.P., Hakim, G., J., Noone, D., Perkins, W.A., and E. Steig, submitted. Additions to the last millennium reanalysis multi-proxy database. Data Science Journal. # Abstract: Progress in paleoclimatology increasingly occurs via data syntheses. We describe additions to a collection prepared for use in paleoclimate state estimation, specifically the Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR). The 2290 additional series include 2152 tree ring chronologies and 138 other series. They supplement the collection used previously and together form a database titled LMRdb 1.0.0. The additional data draws from lake core, ice core, coral, speleothem, and tree ring archives, using published data primarily from the NOAA Paleoclimatology archive and a set of tree ring width chronologies standardized from raw International Tree Ring Data Bank ring width series. In contrast to many previous paleo compilations, the data were not selected (screened) on the basis of their environmental correlation, multi-century length, or other attributes. The inclusion of proxies sensitive to moisture and other environmental variables expands their use in data assimilation. A preliminary calibration using linear regression with mean annual temperature reveals characteristics of the proxy series and their relationship to temperature, as well as the noise and error characteristics of the records. The additional records are structured as individual files in the NOAA Paleoclimatology format and archived at NOAA Paleoclimatology (Anderson et al. 2018) and will continue to be improved and expanded as part of the LMR Project. The additions represent a four-fold increase in the number of records available for assimilation, provide expanded geographic coverage, and add additional proxy variables. Applications include data assimilation, proxy system model development, and paleoclimate reconstruction using climate field reconstruction and other methods. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-0402728 #------------------ # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant:AGS-1304263 # Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration # Grant:NA14OAR4310176 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Bermuda # Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Bermuda # Country: Bermuda # Northernmost_Latitude: 32.325 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32.325 # Easternmost_Longitude: -64.683 # Westernmost_Longitude: -64.683 # Elevation: -16 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: 08berm01e # Earliest_Year: 1781 # Most_Recent_Year: 1998 # Time_Unit: y_ad # Core_Length: # Notes: {"database":"LMR"} Bermuda2008Diploria_d18O #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: Diploria labyrinthiformis # Common_Name: Brain Coral #------------------ # Chronology: # # # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age age, , ,years AD, , Climate Reconstructions, , ,N ##sst sea surface temperature, , ,degrees Celcius, ,Climate Reconstructions, , ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: NAN # age sst 1998 23.251 1997 23.413 1996 23.344 1995 23.01 1994 23.475 1993 23.022 1992 22.981 1991 23.145 1990 23.816 1989 23.16 1988 22.176 1987 23.278 1986 23.334 1985 23.278 1984 23.265 1983 23.043 1982 23.144 1981 21.614 1980 22.654 1979 23.478 1978 22.475 1977 23.293 1976 23.491 1975 23.289 1974 23.715 1973 22.568 1972 23.582 1971 23.423 1970 23.601 1969 23.839 1968 23.721 1967 23.274 1966 25.12 1965 23.863 1964 24.11 1963 23.881 1962 24.797 1961 24.655 1960 23.957 1959 23.557 1958 25.187 1957 23.917 1956 23.687 1955 24.143 1954 25.118 1953 24.609 1952 24.195 1951 23.871 1950 23.038 1949 22.289 1948 22.05 1947 21.601 1946 22.837 1945 22.13 1944 22.424 1943 22.302 1942 23.347 1941 23.424 1940 23.456 1939 24.088 1938 24.071 1937 23.861 1936 23.318 1935 23.487 1934 23.695 1933 23.376 1932 22.487 1931 23.761 1930 23.301 1929 23.157 1928 23.955 1927 24.095 1926 23.501 1925 23.243 1924 23.48 1923 22.821 1922 23.089 1921 23.616 1920 22.306 1919 21.858 1918 21.965 1917 21.69 1916 22.78 1915 22.301 1914 22.446 1913 22.382 1912 21.81 1911 23.078 1910 23.697 1909 23.771 1908 22.87 1907 22.839 1906 21.583 1905 23.356 1904 22.444 1903 22.21 1902 23.049 1901 22 1900 21.019 1899 23.081 1898 23.211 1897 23.325 1896 22.919 1895 21.635 1894 21.428 1893 22.931 1892 24.192 1891 24.77 1890 24.98 1889 24.373 1888 24.299 1887 23.945 1886 22.787 1885 22.923 1884 22.411 1883 22.597 1882 22.298 1881 21.812 1880 22.62 1879 22.475 1878 23.534 1877 22.714 1876 23.534 1875 22.682 1874 22.961 1873 23.548 1872 23.425 1871 24.159 1870 22.292 1869 21.344 1868 22.771 1867 21.888 1866 21.403 1865 22.889 1864 21.184 1863 21.668 1862 22.618 1861 20.376 1860 21.136 1859 21.368 1858 20.754 1857 22.591 1856 21.446 1855 20.932 1854 22.064 1853 21.018 1852 21.858 1851 21.437 1850 21.834 1849 20.531 1848 20.273 1847 21.772 1846 20.287 1845 21.187 1844 22.218 1843 22.713 1842 23 1841 22.493 1840 21.281 1839 21.339 1838 22.649 1837 22.855 1836 22.068 1835 21.57 1834 22.221 1833 22.618 1832 20.922 1831 21.535 1830 21.499 1829 21.317 1828 20.28 1827 21.95 1826 20.854 1825 20.464 1824 21.261 1823 22.026 1822 21.087 1821 21.195 1820 22.996 1819 21.486 1818 21.535 1817 21.987 1816 22.559 1815 22.882 1814 22.449 1813 22.157 1812 21.851 1811 22.103 1810 22.63 1809 23.112 1808 21.957 1807 22.476 1806 22.005 1805 22.887 1804 23.631 1803 22.351 1802 22.906 1801 23.409 1800 22.586 1799 22.695 1798 22.642 1797 23.113 1796 22.366 1795 22.342 1794 22.888 1793 23.379 1792 24.108 1791 22.856 1790 22.692 1789 23.125 1788 23.753 1787 23.084 1786 22.501 1785 22.335 1784 22.052 1783 20.674 1782 22.19 1781 NAN