# Chitral, Pakistan Precipitation Reconstruction from 1637-2018 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/37080 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-37080.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/hrhm-gk24 # # Science_Keywords: Precipitation Reconstruction, drought, hydrology, trends #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/asia/khan2022/khan2022-precip.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Chitral Sep-Aug Precipitation Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-11-22 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-03-24 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Chitral, Pakistan Precipitation Reconstruction from 1637-2018 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Khan, Nasrullah; Nguyen, Hung (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0174-6659); Galelli, Stefano (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-3243); Cherubini, Paolo (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-250X) #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Precipitation at Chitral, Kabul River Basin (Pakistan) reconstructed from tree rings # Provided Keywords: dendrochronology, water cycle #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Khan, N., H.T.T. Nguyen, Galelli, S., and P. Cherubini # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-12-28 # Published_Title: Increasing Drought Risks over the Past Four Centuries amidst Projected Flood Intensification in the Kabul River Basin (Afghanistan and Pakistan)—Evidence from Tree Rings # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 49 # Edition: # Issue: 24 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2022GL100703 # DOI: 10.1029/2022GL100703 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Increased flood risks have been projected, but with large uncertainties, in the Kabul River Basin (Afghanistan and Pakistan). To place future changes in a long-term perspective, we produce a 382-year precipitation reconstruction for the basin using seven tree-ring chronologies of old-growth conifers from the Hindu Kush Mountains, a monsoon-shadow area. The reconstruction proves robust over rigorous cross-validations (R2 = 0.60, RE = 0.60, CE = 0.53). The full reconstruction (1637–2018) reveals a steady decline in the low end of the precipitation distribution, implying increasing drought risks. We show that droughts are getting more severe, shorter, and more frequent, interspersed with more frequent pluvials in the past century. Drought risks, compounded with projected flood intensification, pose significant threats for this transboundary river. Therefore, future water management needs to account for both flood and drought risks and be informed by long-term hydroclimatic variability. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant: IZSEZ0_186442 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Chitral, Kabul River Basin # Location: Pakistan # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.863333 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.863333 # Easternmost_Longitude: 71.7875 # Westernmost_Longitude: 71.7875 # Elevation_m: 1500 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Chitral Precipitation Khan2022 # First_Year: 1637 # Last_Year: 2018 # Time_Unit: year Common Era # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: precipitation # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Picea smithiana # Common_Name: Himalayan spruce # Tree_Species_Code: PISM #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## P precipitation,ring width,,millimeter,Sep-Aug,tree ring;climate reconstructions,,regression analysis,N, ## P_lower precipitation,ring width,95% confidence interval lower bound,millimeter,Sep-Aug,tree ring;climate reconstructions,,regression analysis,N,Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval ## P_upper precipitation,ring width,95% confidence interval upper bound,millimeter,Sep-Aug,tree ring;climate reconstructions,,regression analysis,N,Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval ## P_bc precipitation,ring width,,millimeter,Sep-Aug,tree ring;climate reconstructions,corrected,,N,Bias-corrected precipitation; quantile mapping #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA age_CE P P_lower P_upper P_bc 1637 452.3077406 268.7568 635.8587 410.4345848 1638 503.2086284 318.7058 687.7114 501.9624988 1639 537.6870328 353.043 722.331 544.2851236 1640 355.0278213 169.3303 540.7254 317.6246309 1641 524.609202 338.9093 710.3091 528.7870014 1642 469.9643951 285.6436 654.2852 442.308944 1643 584.0606793 396.1053 772.0161 668.7028676 1644 401.2821632 214.6891 587.8752 344.1670972 1645 427.1763002 243.5082 610.8444 369.4516743 1646 437.1333999 251.0683 623.1985 382.4833202 1647 558.8998791 373.8035 743.9963 589.97107 1648 423.4808222 237.678 609.2837 366.5639942 1649 425.3803342 241.098 609.6626 368.0482901 1650 413.9666303 228.6305 599.3028 356.9920904 1651 631.8594327 443.4466 820.2723 803.0797471 1652 356.5320732 162.3682 550.696 318.6173 1653 382.9736977 198.596 567.3514 334.6258723 1654 443.7932756 257.7533 629.8333 392.9156346 1655 467.5828915 276.095 659.0708 436.7935063 1656 591.9873915 404.5796 779.3951 690.8418321 1657 399.0063839 214.6602 583.3526 341.6864335 1658 337.0829088 150.6265 523.5393 306.9967325 1659 442.1780564 258.4246 625.9315 390.9523448 1660 478.507339 292.371 664.6437 457.6643181 1661 661.4830704 468.7797 854.1865 888.9760742 1662 385.6170823 198.1935 573.0407 333.7887774 1663 364.22766 156.9506 571.5047 323.4626329 1664 507.467081 318.5802 696.354 508.4876875 1665 424.243011 238.0615 610.4245 367.1595754 1666 462.5715138 275.5026 649.6404 426.9187296 1667 354.771945 169.0379 540.506 317.455776 1668 593.6284777 406.1326 781.1244 693.8005681 1669 409.9201274 224.6422 595.1981 352.7188422 1670 437.6565812 252.1296 623.1836 383.242802 1671 629.631488 439.4917 819.7713 796.6196268 1672 498.491158 310.4101 686.5723 492.9689303 1673 415.1596433 229.0044 601.3149 358.4507586 1674 353.8256751 166.0244 541.6269 316.8313241 1675 462.4384092 278.382 646.4948 427.2239671 1676 419.1425324 235.1166 603.1685 363.0708196 1677 309.6427822 121.6274 497.6582 289.8478998 1678 468.4015031 284.1673 652.6357 438.6893679 1679 433.7461897 249.4293 618.0631 377.5662407 1680 560.9858042 374.4868 747.4848 596.0776953 1681 452.3482651 268.7547 635.9419 410.4867871 1682 495.496421 311.593 679.3999 489.0492485 1683 396.8391608 212.1676 581.5107 339.324099 1684 542.8023042 358.0936 727.511 554.5285237 1685 374.2729637 189.7346 558.8114 329.4117538 1686 555.8790828 370.6929 741.0652 581.3865263 1687 574.6328239 387.7156 761.5501 643.7798734 1688 619.2671156 430.5909 807.9434 766.5672229 1689 569.214896 381.4765 756.9533 623.9158254 1690 510.3178899 321.6271 699.0087 511.9248629 1691 477.5634796 293.911 661.2159 455.7018833 1692 340.6103704 154.9614 526.2594 308.8764638 1693 561.555844 374.4555 748.6562 597.8985716 1694 341.7724353 155.1924 528.3524 309.4957107 1695 559.674477 373.9739 745.375 592.2290988 1696 461.9222724 277.9753 645.8692 427.7819968 1697 453.7692186 269.6143 637.9242 412.8804663 1698 383.1731907 197.762 568.5843 334.6921954 1699 478.2213789 294.5724 661.8704 457.0697614 1700 511.8836702 317.085 706.6824 513.8765344 1701 464.1240874 280.3707 647.8775 428.7830973 1702 362.8770521 177.8326 547.9215 322.7668856 1703 468.2891932 284.6352 651.9432 438.4292642 1704 352.2510013 166.6479 537.8541 315.8224919 1705 386.7697348 199.374 574.1655 331.9555934 1706 421.7465319 237.9391 605.554 365.1759099 1707 435.3815188 250.2244 620.5386 379.9401836 1708 461.5654424 277.9172 645.2137 427.1139737 1709 469.4947052 285.6852 653.3042 441.2211666 1710 466.1048206 281.5243 650.6853 433.3703716 1711 425.3911096 239.7656 611.0166 368.0567101 1712 434.1434769 241.3957 626.8913 378.142967 1713 474.7205737 290.9386 658.5025 450.1144324 1714 543.4191392 358.0361 728.8022 558.1835321 1715 472.395194 288.2195 656.5709 446.694983 1716 379.9751449 195.4219 564.5284 333.4713807 1717 324.3113218 138.2058 510.4168 299.7415649 1718 541.4132032 356.7045 726.1219 549.1453901 1719 491.7865412 306.7655 676.8075 484.2263616 1720 492.5956822 308.3919 676.7995 485.2705566 1721 474.6410953 267.717 681.5652 449.9398416 1722 475.7293806 291.6833 659.7755 452.1904954 1723 489.2138509 304.9771 673.4506 481.7186388 1724 376.1456817 189.2867 563.0047 331.113059 1725 401.7288186 217.5829 585.8748 344.6539643 1726 260.9257886 70.55157 451.3 263.3923058 1727 446.849898 256.8319 636.8679 396.6309413 1728 493.5769069 300.9055 686.2483 486.5368251 1729 497.6050485 313.4603 681.7498 491.8325055 1730 317.4749344 130.8651 504.0848 295.5383865 1731 461.1114438 277.3825 644.8404 426.3021323 1732 527.4415958 342.6658 712.2174 532.4588411 1733 455.9384539 271.2317 640.6452 417.6965964 1734 499.3490791 309.958 688.7402 494.1762539 1735 477.9164803 293.862 661.9709 456.4358284 1736 491.7754012 307.1841 676.3667 484.2119855 1737 420.7327537 234.3964 607.0691 364.356365 1738 477.2438774 292.2438 662.244 455.0609705 1739 480.0593101 292.7927 667.3259 461.7519278 1740 486.128723 301.7808 670.4767 475.0495752 1741 452.798538 269.2455 636.3516 411.0668141 1742 300.502652 109.5862 491.4191 284.5455998 1743 365.1932542 179.2008 551.1857 323.9600457 1744 510.615498 325.8735 695.3575 512.2382478 1745 517.598425 332.3602 702.8367 522.2454267 1746 403.6295513 217.7228 589.5363 346.7258167 1747 615.3795512 426.7131 804.046 755.2948899 1748 559.2885725 373.35 745.2271 591.1041492 1749 409.8829706 226.0289 593.737 352.695243 1750 375.6843574 187.3332 564.0355 330.6939605 1751 390.269328 205.9172 574.6215 332.1627955 1752 524.4253173 339.4807 709.37 528.5486182 1753 443.6529866 258.6545 628.6515 392.745114 1754 317.5751306 130.8589 504.2913 295.6161671 1755 551.7876573 366.1957 737.3797 573.3378505 1756 556.2749986 371.2227 741.3273 582.3192861 1757 484.2075312 300.2552 668.1599 471.7275658 1758 316.0360975 123.5741 508.4981 294.421441 1759 457.71278 273.3646 642.0609 420.5019487 1760 373.8961034 189.2982 558.494 329.0693881 1761 392.4495764 207.3893 577.5099 334.5393279 1762 456.696552 268.3018 645.0913 418.8660317 1763 499.4375318 315.3053 683.5698 494.7440179 1764 508.5903749 323.4434 693.7373 510.1057687 1765 447.7181882 263.9387 631.4977 397.6863431 1766 556.7404031 369.9006 743.5802 583.6759861 1767 394.079317 207.4002 580.7584 336.3157913 1768 317.2183393 129.9765 504.4601 295.3391959 1769 468.6576609 285.0628 652.2526 439.282616 1770 539.8640025 353.1923 726.5357 546.0825418 1771 434.8203539 249.416 620.2247 379.1255625 1772 436.4035603 252.4404 620.3667 381.4238409 1773 456.4715381 266.5055 646.4376 418.5189272 1774 414.7726581 224.9795 604.5658 357.9776012 1775 313.6650948 126.5861 500.744 292.5808705 1776 533.5808362 347.1476 720.014 539.594597 1777 511.6049074 314.4453 708.7645 513.4683041 1778 325.5174596 139.0123 512.0226 300.6017558 1779 539.8935478 350.5378 729.2493 546.1048924 1780 480.8860381 290.2971 671.475 464.6983297 1781 521.3460814 335.293 707.3992 526.4931476 1782 246.3776795 56.33832 436.417 257.1652934 1783 521.5361221 336.347 706.7252 526.6051069 1784 307.1314207 120.4456 493.8173 288.2362252 1785 219.499279 28.03486 410.9637 242.589057 1786 460.6888823 272.4272 648.9506 425.5776956 1787 443.3207788 248.3059 638.3357 392.3413174 1788 412.7293453 228.9203 596.5384 355.4792917 1789 571.3299576 383.2144 759.4455 631.6703925 1790 336.270092 150.6692 521.871 306.5635947 1791 487.6941718 303.0636 672.3247 478.8762077 1792 400.0475149 215.9047 584.1903 342.8212957 1793 530.9303821 342.4761 719.3846 536.5669715 1794 452.4066919 268.6727 636.1407 410.5620507 1795 429.6279855 245.1918 614.0641 372.7830558 1796 486.9456599 303.0988 670.7926 477.0130057 1797 461.1950907 277.584 644.8062 426.4455358 1798 466.4201897 282.2055 650.6349 434.1007499 1799 547.7444928 360.0739 735.4151 565.3721314 1800 452.9497879 265.0428 640.8568 411.2616493 1801 372.6342369 187.778 557.4905 327.9230223 1802 238.5097175 47.8619 429.1575 252.8984742 1803 570.3537548 381.2127 759.4948 628.0912862 1804 657.6314311 466.0797 849.1832 877.8079095 1805 449.6652984 262.6662 636.6644 404.2795298 1806 397.5896855 213.2048 581.9746 340.1421922 1807 520.207618 333.6431 706.7721 525.8224417 1808 436.7431107 252.7807 620.7055 381.9167528 1809 246.5635176 56.76701 436.36 257.266074 1810 495.1562604 310.0203 680.2923 488.5987363 1811 352.5415201 166.1374 538.9456 316.0012713 1812 447.3727239 262.7475 631.998 397.2664332 1813 460.4333852 276.5914 644.2754 425.1396731 1814 553.5896305 368.4748 738.7045 576.8827026 1815 145.6071835 -55.8129 347.0273 202.517154 1816 592.9534881 397.6398 788.2672 692.5836205 1817 448.8736354 265.0433 632.7039 399.6714554 1818 464.6444057 275.3917 653.8971 429.9881274 1819 416.8513981 229.1586 604.5442 360.5192267 1820 324.9339828 133.0386 516.8294 300.1856331 1821 488.1801002 304.3028 672.0574 480.0857848 1822 443.2363545 259.6663 626.8064 392.2387001 1823 477.5265897 292.2746 662.7786 455.6251833 1824 489.0250757 304.5979 673.4523 481.5411965 1825 452.705563 263.3045 642.1066 410.9470467 1826 440.9680898 255.3099 626.6262 389.1367129 1827 486.449996 302.72 670.18 475.7791949 1828 456.2381194 272.2428 640.2334 418.1588577 1829 347.3094685 162.0319 532.587 312.7815735 1830 432.1968273 244.5342 619.8595 376.0565021 1831 407.242375 222.6993 591.7854 350.6638966 1832 453.6231332 265.0516 642.1947 412.5084124 1833 521.9168505 334.3677 709.466 526.8294064 1834 530.5818677 340.979 720.1847 536.1688619 1835 282.4065965 91.64352 473.1697 273.1146942 1836 455.5559423 271.716 639.3959 417.1065376 1837 528.2210274 343.8543 712.5877 533.4692754 1838 414.738091 230.0888 599.3874 357.9353368 1839 438.6317237 255.042 622.2214 384.6583779 1840 490.3401139 306.293 674.3872 482.7772881 1841 370.7356224 185.5033 555.968 326.8151216 1842 513.3143926 317.8862 708.7426 515.9717357 1843 504.9120106 319.9349 689.8891 504.572576 1844 451.5688963 266.428 636.7098 409.4828296 1845 515.2909769 331.2086 699.3734 518.8663168 1846 408.1580119 223.8614 592.4546 351.599676 1847 459.8073294 276.2446 643.37 424.0663672 1848 374.6360049 185.9859 563.2861 329.7415653 1849 446.3082808 262.6914 629.9252 395.9726088 1850 489.1871969 305.0188 673.3556 481.693585 1851 502.3773339 317.9839 686.7707 500.6375579 1852 470.3250818 285.7898 654.8603 443.1442754 1853 474.678296 289.5554 659.8012 450.0215607 1854 509.9564974 324.9841 694.9288 511.5443122 1855 479.5740816 294.9195 664.2287 460.0226065 1856 451.2001563 261.8732 640.5271 409.0078307 1857 462.8515527 276.043 649.6601 426.2765405 1858 466.5263759 275.4228 657.63 434.3466716 1859 485.7343378 302.0508 669.4179 474.367628 1860 422.83109 237.5676 608.0946 366.0526738 1861 316.7548069 128.6882 504.8214 294.9793633 1862 533.5372887 348.8469 718.2277 539.5448524 1863 375.5015716 190.6112 560.3919 330.5279054 1864 516.6217539 332.4439 700.7996 520.8151545 1865 344.0874164 153.3802 534.7946 310.7987884 1866 495.8118329 312.0243 679.5993 489.4669833 1867 395.4482998 208.1972 582.6994 337.8080213 1868 483.3378391 299.6727 667.0029 470.2237465 1869 488.4577535 304.2151 672.7004 480.7769217 1870 388.1810097 201.8031 574.5589 329.8864695 1871 321.5877965 135.4897 507.6859 298.1496158 1872 524.1619363 339.7477 708.5761 528.2071781 1873 504.9724811 320.4741 689.4709 504.6652345 1874 492.5774817 308.8201 676.3348 485.2470689 1875 513.9666452 329.9016 698.0317 516.9269178 1876 532.8175891 347.7246 717.9106 538.7227364 1877 451.8951956 268.2649 635.5255 409.9031578 1878 500.5058455 308.5036 692.5081 497.6104065 1879 334.5290858 144.5243 524.5339 305.6358387 1880 400.7273015 211.2312 590.2234 343.5622823 1881 330.1956687 143.0154 517.376 303.3266259 1882 450.3083518 265.5369 635.0798 407.8590371 1883 528.0945858 340.0303 716.1589 533.3053599 1884 504.9701958 320.0418 689.8985 504.6617327 1885 506.6562605 322.082 691.2306 507.2452745 1886 461.4407064 272.3537 650.5277 426.8804547 1887 382.2353854 195.8427 568.6281 334.3804143 1888 427.9616071 244.1561 611.7671 370.4268096 1889 535.2919488 350.6128 719.9711 541.5492085 1890 399.232522 214.2782 584.1868 341.9329304 1891 423.5163031 236.3187 610.7139 366.5917193 1892 293.687353 103.3679 484.0068 280.4511592 1893 490.9951183 307.0064 674.9838 483.3929702 1894 472.0856578 283.6012 660.5701 446.5040525 1895 365.4976195 180.3988 550.5965 324.1168353 1896 502.9782091 317.7049 688.2515 501.6094294 1897 484.2565913 300.4484 668.0648 471.8123975 1898 502.5272071 314.3239 690.7305 500.8841213 1899 378.2570221 193.6119 562.9022 332.4558207 1900 567.326008 373.9727 760.6793 617.0342115 1901 456.922395 272.7847 641.0601 419.214415 1902 199.4520266 -5.24996 404.154 231.7173724 1903 552.5715978 367.5614 737.5818 574.8800229 1904 454.9737855 271.0648 638.8828 415.9482857 1905 489.0653677 301.7666 676.3642 481.5790696 1906 577.6676305 391.9783 763.357 651.5406861 1907 529.1346619 344.5178 713.7515 534.5157123 1908 569.5223401 383.9737 755.071 625.0430248 1909 377.2842627 192.4896 562.0789 331.8808354 1910 552.5479993 367.3277 737.7683 574.8335997 1911 474.0271103 284.5 663.5542 448.5910965 1912 370.6865446 186.1084 555.2647 326.7898399 1913 432.6235197 246.9447 618.3024 375.936505 1914 476.7416953 291.6112 661.8722 454.1091685 1915 470.5482241 281.7549 659.3415 443.6610613 1916 447.6517762 263.6608 631.6427 397.6056196 1917 276.9820946 87.79943 466.1648 269.5868574 1918 377.3359738 190.8326 563.8393 331.9114012 1919 496.3578745 312.5596 680.1561 490.1901664 1920 439.1303015 255.3883 622.8723 385.5419903 1921 480.556685 294.517 666.5964 463.524538 1922 506.5638775 321.851 691.2768 507.1037169 1923 590.4954318 401.8999 779.091 688.1519583 1924 650.4043748 458.1121 842.6967 856.8524278 1925 345.5521745 160.2505 530.8539 311.7001706 1926 518.0472363 316.5262 719.5683 522.9026822 1927 321.4304819 125.3387 517.5222 298.0593076 1928 446.4174048 260.7569 632.0779 396.1052484 1929 292.8832053 105.1014 480.665 279.9281799 1930 636.761997 445.9288 827.5952 817.2951608 1931 609.7809713 406.4466 813.1154 739.0613181 1932 464.3706989 278.0641 650.6773 429.3542368 1933 356.5866516 171.5793 541.594 318.6533168 1934 496.662056 312.8522 680.4719 490.5930276 1935 506.9016605 322.9084 690.895 507.6212988 1936 464.5050818 279.2495 649.7607 429.6654604 1937 362.7883109 177.9571 547.6195 322.7211717 1938 473.9496922 289.942 657.9574 448.4210316 1939 486.4456381 302.7546 670.1367 475.7683471 1940 503.5459112 319.5893 687.5025 502.4793142 1941 463.7852988 280.2195 647.3511 427.9984808 1942 588.8558814 402.7421 774.9697 684.3800544 1943 587.7015948 401.5608 773.8423 680.6062892 1944 417.5295101 231.055 604.004 361.348338 1945 494.8450785 296.6777 693.0125 488.1866038 1946 292.9435338 103.2938 482.5933 279.9674148 1947 420.0372095 235.5158 604.5586 363.7940825 1948 339.4149941 150.9025 527.9275 308.2394658 1949 595.3570181 408.8585 781.8555 697.237805 1950 481.3523185 292.0016 670.7031 466.3601214 1951 383.6168393 197.9369 569.2968 334.83969 1952 504.3377045 317.3018 691.3736 503.692572 1953 484.448641 299.491 669.4063 472.1444783 1954 433.2012468 248.6611 617.7414 376.7751686 1955 455.6123186 270.4699 640.7548 417.1935031 1956 362.0895362 175.5774 548.6017 322.2847186 1957 490.4540079 306.5672 674.3408 482.8843446 1958 603.7304749 417.0339 790.427 721.517375 1959 479.8181778 294.398 665.2383 460.8925486 1960 436.4609158 244.4047 628.5172 381.5071016 1961 351.8641882 165.6423 538.0861 315.5844551 1962 375.0344479 190.1075 559.9614 330.1035382 1963 567.5276224 381.4777 753.5775 617.7641013 1964 418.6733769 234.9141 602.4327 362.6915512 1965 538.7402307 353.2792 724.2012 545.2324238 1966 486.4135626 302.7235 670.1036 475.6885046 1967 499.9084745 315.8643 683.9527 496.7908069 1968 475.2648747 291.3695 659.1603 451.3101023 1969 447.9851848 263.0899 632.8804 398.0108758 1970 328.1524348 142.3034 514.0015 302.2378173 1971 215.1881451 23.50234 406.874 240.2511162 1972 535.5105897 343.8379 727.1833 541.798963 1973 568.063219 381.7122 754.4142 619.7030822 1974 453.7028959 257.6219 649.7839 412.711554 1975 515.7764792 330.1312 701.4217 519.5773038 1976 392.1156423 207.1086 577.1227 334.1753303 1977 318.0378591 131.6826 504.3931 295.9753756 1978 414.1145184 228.5427 599.6863 357.1729095 1979 498.4578821 314.1545 682.7613 492.9262545 1980 402.6893208 218.7295 586.6492 345.7009388 1981 514.8022736 329.6557 699.9488 518.1506421 1982 245.1139163 53.81845 436.4094 256.4799508 1983 465.13383 278.005 652.2627 431.1216084 1984 432.5121401 246.2502 618.774 375.7748196 1985 152.7164312 -44.1876 349.6204 206.3725201 1986 548.2665607 363.1062 733.427 566.40089 1987 512.5639761 327.6448 697.4831 514.8727987 1988 519.9288791 335.2322 704.6255 525.6582275 1989 438.1582317 254.2345 622.082 383.9710283 1990 430.7090671 247.0478 614.3703 374.3116967 1991 588.3001147 401.4502 775.15 682.5630595 1992 610.6079715 423.5813 797.6347 741.4592774 1993 483.5243104 299.8263 667.2223 470.5461813 1994 431.8969355 247.8198 615.9741 375.9913333 1995 497.3800787 313.5088 681.2514 491.5439844 1996 578.3611341 392.5309 764.1914 651.7012647 1997 461.8537915 274.5484 649.1592 427.6537935 1998 500.7514034 316.8731 684.6297 497.9626635 1999 335.9807678 150.0435 521.918 306.4094182 2000 246.8712491 56.35937 437.3831 257.4329577 2001 290.5381936 103.1394 477.937 278.4030964 2002 483.1673886 296.1828 670.152 469.9290137 2003 511.1474806 320.0403 702.2546 512.7984319 2004 387.8298634 203.6187 572.0411 330.2695598 2005 641.3138917 452.762 829.8658 830.4937774 2006 372.3040956 183.9753 560.6329 327.6230993 2007 569.6425012 382.7079 756.5771 625.4835781 2008 468.5119355 281.0739 655.95 438.9451236 2009 569.9939739 375.5162 764.4718 626.7722019 2010 586.4205665 399.9537 772.8874 676.4181612 2011 461.3529704 273.0007 649.7052 426.7162038 2012 437.9463349 248.2844 627.6083 383.663426 2013 545.1173347 359.7572 730.4775 560.7924059 2014 543.2107069 358.2285 728.1929 556.9484822 2015 550.1373291 363.7019 736.5728 570.0873241 2016 589.4122896 403.2763 775.5483 686.1991468 2017 280.5099316 92.63533 468.3845 271.881194 2018 288.6290666 101.1103 476.1479 277.1614914