# South African Summer Rainfall Zone Air Temperature Reconstructions during the Holocene #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31096 # Online_Resource_Description: NOAA Landing Page # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27330 # Online_Resource_Description: NOAA Landing Page for Temperature-12k Database # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/climate12k/temperature/version1.0.0/Temp12k_directory_NOAA_files/SouthAfricanRainfallZone.Chevalier.2015.txt # Online_Resource_Description: NOAA location of the template # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/climate12k/temperature/version1.0.0/Temp12k_directory_LiPD_files/SouthAfricanRainfallZone.Chevalier.2015.lpd # Online_Resource_Description: Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) formatted file containing metadata and data related to this file, for version 1.0.0 of this dataset. # # Original_Source_URL: # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature # Dataset_DOI: # #------------------ # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-04-15 #------------------ # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-05-16 #------------------ # Title # Study_Name: South African Summer Rainfall Zone Air Temperature Reconstructions during the Holocene #------------------ # Investigators # Investigators: Chevalier, Manuel; Chase, Brian M. #------------------ # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file. Note added by Temperature-12k authors: composite of several sites, mainly wetlands rather than lakes. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Chevalier, Manuel and Brian M. Chase # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Published_Title: Southeast African records reveal a coherent shift from high- to low-latitude forcing mechanisms along the east African margin across last glacial interglacial transition # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 125 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 117-130 # Report: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.009 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Late Quaternary climate variability in the southern African subtropics is still only poorly resolved, with significant complexity and apparent contradictions in the regional dataset. To more effectively interpret and synthesize key regional records, we reanalysed the data from 13 pollen sequences from the summer rainfall zone of South Africa spanning the last 45,000 years, obtaining directly comparable quantitative reconstructions of mean annual temperature and summer rainfall. Temperature reconstructions from across the region provide consistent results, with all sites reflecting trends observed in southwest Indian Ocean sea-surface temperatures in the adjacent Mozambique Channel. Precipitation reconstructions are more heterogeneous, with two distinct subregions being identified. In the northeast, long-term trends in precipitation are determined by sea-surface and continental temperature trends, revealing a positive relationship between temperature and rainfall. This long-term pattern appears to be primarily driven by high northern latitude mechanisms, with direct local insolation being subordinate. Their relative impact reversed during terminal glacial period/early Holocene, at which time direct insolation forcing became the main driver of rainfall variability. Further south, in central South Africa, precipitation variability appears also to be influenced by the latitudinal position of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, which combine with tropical flow to create tropical-temperate trough, advecting moisture into the interior. In this region, periods of maximum precipitation coincide with periods of elevated SSTs and equatorward expansions of the westerly storm track. This study allows for a fully constrained understanding of climate dynamics along the eastern African margin for the last 45,000 years, linking dynamics to drivers and describing how the climate systems evolved across the last glacial–interglacial transition. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Kaufman, D., N. McKay, C. Routson, M. Erb, B. Davis, O. Heiri, S. Jaccard, J. Tierney, C. Dätwyler, Y. Axford, T. Brussel, O. Cartapanis, B. Chase, A. Dawson, A. de Vernal, S. Engels, L. Jonkers, J. Marsicek, P. Moffa-Sánchez, C. Morrill, A. Orsi, K. Rehfeld, K. Saunders, P. S. Sommer, E. Thomas, M. Tonello, M. Tóth, R. Vachula, A. Andreev, S. Bertrand, B. Biskaborn, M. Bringué, S. Brooks, M. Caniupán, M. Chevalier, L. Cwynar, J. Emile-Geay, J. Fegyveresi, A. Feurdean, W. Finsinger, M-C. Fortin, L. Foster, M. Fox, K. Gajewski, M. Grosjean, S. Hausmann, M. Heinrichs, N. Holmes, B. Ilyashuk, E. Ilyashuk, S. Juggins, D. Khider, K. Koinig, P. Langdon, I. Larocque-Tobler, J. Li, A. Lotter, T. Luoto, A. Mackay, E. Magyari, S. Malevich, B. Mark, J. Massaferro, V. Montade, L. Nazarova, E. Novenko, P. Paril, E. Pearson, M. Peros, R. Pienitz, M. Plóciennik, D. Porinchu, A. Potito, A. Rees, S. Reinemann, S. Roberts, N. Rolland, S. Salonen, A. Self, H. Seppä, S. Shala, J-M. St-Jacques, B. Stenni, L. Syrykh, P. Tarrats, K. Taylor, V. van den Bos, G. Velle, E. Wahl, I. Walker, J. Wilmshurst, E. Zhang, S. Zhilich # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-04-14 # Published_Title: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records # Journal_Name: Scientific Data # Volume: 7 # Edition: 115 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0445-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: South African Summer Rainfall Zone # Location: Africa>Southern Africa>South Africa # Country: South Africa # Northernmost_Latitude: -27.2415 # Southernmost_Latitude: -27.2415 # Easternmost_Longitude: 28.5447 # Westernmost_Longitude: 28.5447 # Elevation: 1500 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: SouthAfricanRainfallZone.Chevalier.2015 # Earliest_Year: 12000.0 # Most_Recent_Year: 0.0 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: # Species_Code: # Common_Name: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------ # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## ageMin age,,range lower bound,calendar year before present,,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## AgeOld age,,range upper bound,calendar year before present,,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## temperature surface air temperature,,,degree Celsius,annual,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## uncertaintyHigh surface air temperature,,unspecified error upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N,Uncertainties should not be considered as standard deviations. Posterior distribution of temperature probabilities are highly irregular and skewed ## uncertaintyLow surface air temperature,,unspecified error lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N,Uncertainties should not be considered as standard deviations. Posterior distribution of temperature probabilities are highly irregular and skewed ## ReliabIeYN1 notes,,,,,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,C,Data are reliable (Yes or No) # #------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: nan # age ageMin AgeOld temperature uncertaintyHigh uncertaintyLow ReliabIeYN1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.678861506799145 0.973025960293961 0.42672054666073 Y 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0995378600841592 0.434172665737949 -0.0382529422438722 Y 200.0 200.0 200.0 0.156446467447886 0.289575155363333 -0.10981090838301 Y 300.0 300.0 300.0 0.0113062897828353 0.221997299617232 -0.129154383440095 Y 400.0 400.0 400.0 -0.0271960793317563 0.18139239201542 -0.155558215545404 Y 500.0 500.0 500.0 0.0724422587013822 0.214281610427652 -0.126132833715395 Y 600.0 600.0 600.0 -0.00186084235398631 0.192361572748216 -0.181143071679096 Y 700.0 700.0 700.0 -0.252695316859825 0.0693680281414357 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