# Northern Morocco Last Millennium Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25970 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/chaara2018d18o.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothems # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-01-03 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-01-03 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Morocco Last Millennium Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Ait Brahim, Y.; Wassenburg, J.A. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Oxygen isotope (d18O) data from stalagmites collected in 2 caves in Northern Morocco (Chaara Cave stalagmite CHA2 and Grotte de Piste stalagmite GP5). # Provided Keywords: NAO, Western Mediterranean, Solar forcing #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Yassine Ait Brahim, Jasper A. Wassenburg, Francisco W. Cruz, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Denis Scholz, Lhoussaine Bouchaou, Emilie P. Dassié, Klaus P. Jochum, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-11-28 # Published_Title: Multi-decadal to centennial hydro-climate variability and linkage to solar forcing in the Western Mediterranean during the last 1000 years # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: 17446 # DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35498-x # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35498-x # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Here we present a new composite record from two well-dated speleothem records from two caves in Northern Morocco. The high-resolution record covers the last millennium allowing to detect multi-decadal to centennial periodicities. Over the industrial period, d18O values of our speleothems are shown to be dominated by the main mode of decadal variability in the North Atlantic region: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Statistical analyses confirm the previously reported multi-decadal variability related to the influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the region. High power and persistent centennial-scale periodicities, similar to the Vries-Suess 200-year solar cycle, are observed as well. Indeed, comparison between solar activity reconstructions and our record confirms the in-phase relationship on centennial time-scales. Low d18O values, and hence negative phases of NAO that bring precipitation towards the Western Mediterranean, are observed during well-known solar minima periods. The results are consistent with previous models which describe low irradiance as a trigger for southward shifts of precipitation-bearing westerlies during winter. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41731174, 41561144003 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: German Research Foundation # Grant: WA3532/1-1, IM44/1 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation # Grant: 1702816 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Chaara Cave # Location: Africa>Northern Africa>Morocco # Country: Morocco # Northernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Southernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Easternmost_Longitude: -4.246 # Westernmost_Longitude: -4.246 # Elevation: 1260 m #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Chaara2018CHA2 # Earliest_Year: 1038 # Most_Recent_Year: -50 # Time_Unit: cal. yr BP # Core_Length: 0.061 # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Sample ID Depth from top (mm) Age (BP) Error # CHA2-1 2 -14.3336311635294 8 # CHA2-2 5 11.9812294409051 5 # CHA2-3 8.5 74.8935285088018 4 # CHA2-12 11.5 129.512561100088 5 # CHA2-5 14 141.649437078415 4 # CHA2-6 16 161.215667803564 5 # CHA2-8 19.5 207.525255639214 4 # CHA2-9 21 403.993314491491 6 # CHA2-23 24 459.776062568069 28 # CHA2-10 26.5 486.330273008364 5 # CHA2-11 28 558.691927976336 7 # CHA2-29 30.5 683.74838258537 14 # CHA2-12 32 730.532285045817 6 # CHA2-13 34 776.245808946654 4 # CHA2-42 43.5 851.201250012546 9 # CHA2-50 51.5 933.961442155827 12 # CHA2-59 61 1035.49372625399 8 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,mm,,,Depth from stalagmite top,,N, ## age_calBP age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB Oxygen isotope,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothem,,isotope ration mass spectrometry,N, # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: # depth_mm age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB 0.5 -50.0652517 -5.015863608 1 -41.83001879 -5.103263314 1.5 -33.63441854 -4.986338665 2 -25.54256267 -5.261978243 2.5 -17.61856287 -5.249125345 3 -9.892884001 -5.369281579 3.5 -2.261403507 -5.25221004 4 5.413648019 -4.865594869 4.5 13.27003998 -4.696964848 5 21.40353635 -4.66320457 5.5 29.74187931 -4.77699556 6 38.17080562 -4.839032214 6.5 46.57605205 -5.081229775 7 54.87856139 -5.348521089 7.5 63.14010069 -5.39204957 8 71.45764304 -5.21485095 8.5 79.92816153 -5.22400711 9 88.61609821 -5.230764062 9.5 97.45577094 -5.22701836 10 106.3489665 -5.183147135 10.5 115.1974718 -5.371099346 11 123.8343097 -5.211766255 11.5 131.8174475 -5.269689981 12 138.6360889 -5.315789042 12.5 143.7794373 -5.263349218 13 146.9815682 -5.439605292 13.5 148.9560453 -5.277915836 14 150.6613042 -5.160011919 14.5 153.0557805 -5.149827527 15 156.8735382 -5.02820239 15.5 161.9511539 -5.265283273 16 167.9008325 -5.486500009 16.5 174.334779 -5.469424016 17 180.9164326 -5.437879332 17.5 187.5141693 -5.415258231 18 194.0475993 -5.629718014 18.5 200.436333 -5.06198715 19 206.6255076 -4.912746644 19.5 212.662369 -5.118539901 20 395.5020473 -4.90510835 20.5 402.6178788 -4.939480671 21 409.7980832 -4.625117149 21.5 417.335315 -4.813889497 22 425.5222283 -4.852962307 22.5 434.413978 -5.380298349 23 443.11572 -5.209171193 23.5 450.4951104 -5.204764485 24 455.4198056 -5.10105996 24.5 457.4501099 -5.2799723 25 458.91692 -5.373100726 25.5 462.8437807 -5.952950037 26 472.254237 -5.939754395 26.5 489.2179137 -5.579830409 27 511.9887561 -5.229203353 27.5 537.8667896 -5.086870361 28 564.1520395 -5.394399814 28.5 588.7112414 -4.952994576 29 611.6779721 -5.054495747 29.5 633.7525185 -4.931989268 30 655.6351675 -5.395134265 30.5 677.7551498 -5.172693617 31 699.45747 -4.839250148 31.5 719.8160765 -5.026117084 32 737.9049177 -5.058290605 32.5 753.0012888 -4.913039388 33 765.1958724 -5.227103897 33.5 774.7826978 -5.353565001 34 782.0557945 -5.297591635 34.5 787.3715058 -5.092008604 35 791.3354304 -5.186359455 35.5 794.6154811 -5.072149968 36 797.8795705 -5.138007993 36.5 801.6439664 -5.021089157 37 805.8183575 -4.881066421 37.5 810.1607875 -5.165680405 38 814.4293001 -5.388232017 38.5 818.4400124 -5.317372116 39 822.2413344 -5.522874511 40 829.6417405 -5.241866377 40.5 833.436259 -5.316084018 41 837.342127 -5.325708575 41.5 841.3606344 -5.282723709 42 845.4930713 -5.577756199 42.5 849.7379187 -5.378260107 43 854.0824225 -5.449166321 43.5 858.5110198 -5.503639869 44 863.0081476 -5.405816735 44.5 867.5596138 -5.723197633 45 872.1567097 -5.392686812 45.5 876.7920973 -5.524611274 46 881.4584388 -5.338604035 46.5 886.1504622 -5.492307495 47.5 895.6255889 -5.775747097 48 900.4188082 -5.545683989 48.5 905.2549813 -5.447603235 49 910.1346952 -5.401231682 49.5 915.0576428 -5.286891938 50 920.0235169 -5.277852091 50.5 925.029856 -5.28158034 51 930.0655806 -5.241562443 51.5 935.117457 -5.230620841 52 940.1722513 -5.667633646 52.5 945.2281035 -5.549157514 53 950.3286489 -5.169478125 53.5 955.5288965 -5.177215401 54 960.8838554 -5.250550188 54.5 966.4271212 -5.449062115 55 972.1066353 -5.266065264 55.5 977.8489259 -5.572806426 56 983.580521 -5.412798519 56.5 989.2404696 -5.10555535 57 994.817905 -5.383635799 57.5 1000.314481 -5.407454253 58 1005.731853 -5.525653331 58.5 1011.076363 -5.891675978 59 1016.373109 -5.437990256 59.5 1021.651879 -5.456645977 60 1026.942459 -5.36830267 60.5 1032.266604 -5.900584459 61 1037.613936 -5.744272185