# Northern Morocco Last Millennium Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25970 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/grottedepiste2018d18o.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothems # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2019-01-03 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2019-01-03 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northern Morocco Last Millennium Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Ait Brahim, Y.; Wassenburg, J.A. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Oxygen isotope (d18O) data from stalagmites collected in 2 caves in Northern Morocco (Chaara Cave stalagmite CHA2 and Grotte de Piste stalagmite GP5). # Provided Keywords: NAO, Western Mediterranean, Solar forcing #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Yassine Ait Brahim, Jasper A. Wassenburg, Francisco W. Cruz, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Denis Scholz, Lhoussaine Bouchaou, Emilie P. Dassié, Klaus P. Jochum, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-11-28 # Published_Title: Multi-decadal to centennial hydro-climate variability and linkage to solar forcing in the Western Mediterranean during the last 1000 years # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: 17446 # DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35498-x # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35498-x # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Here we present a new composite record from two well-dated speleothem records from two caves in Northern Morocco. The high-resolution record covers the last millennium allowing to detect multi-decadal to centennial periodicities. Over the industrial period, d18O values of our speleothems are shown to be dominated by the main mode of decadal variability in the North Atlantic region: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Statistical analyses confirm the previously reported multi-decadal variability related to the influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the region. High power and persistent centennial-scale periodicities, similar to the Vries-Suess 200-year solar cycle, are observed as well. Indeed, comparison between solar activity reconstructions and our record confirms the in-phase relationship on centennial time-scales. Low d18O values, and hence negative phases of NAO that bring precipitation towards the Western Mediterranean, are observed during well-known solar minima periods. The results are consistent with previous models which describe low irradiance as a trigger for southward shifts of precipitation-bearing westerlies during winter. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41731174, 41561144003 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: German Research Foundation # Grant: WA3532/1-1, IM44/1 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: U.S. National Science Foundation # Grant: 1702816 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Grotte de Piste # Location: Africa>Northern Africa>Morocco # Country: Morocco # Northernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Southernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Easternmost_Longitude: -4.246 # Westernmost_Longitude: -4.246 # Elevation: 1260 m #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: GrottedePiste2018GP5 # Earliest_Year: 1039 # Most_Recent_Year: -8 # Time_Unit: cal. yr BP # Core_Length: 0.185 # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Sample ID Depth from top (mm) Age (BP) Error # GP5 U4 4.8 107 17 # GP5 U3.3 16.2 54 13 # GP5-30M 30.37 108 3 # GP5 U3.2 46.9 191 14 # GP5-65M 62.94 282 5 # GP5-U3.2.1M 74.28 329 3 # GP5-U3.2.2M 94.76 425 3 # GP5-U3.2.3M 109.42 514 5 # GP5-U3.1 117.9 569 13 # GP5-124M 125.7 630 10 # GP5-U0M 128.68 641 5 # GP5-U1M 135.27 659 5 # GP5-U3.0 137.1 681 13 # GP5-U1.1M 141.26 675 5 # GP5-U2M 145.21 679 7 # GP5-U2.1M 150.63 722 8 # GP5-158M 158.77 795 7 # GP5-U2.2M 165.63 851 8 # GP5 U3 172.4 953 19 # GP5 U2.5aM 185.48 1037 7 # GP5 U2.5 188.1 1132 17 # GP5 U2.4 200.5 1331 12 # Artificial age 210 1381 100 # GP5 U2.3eM 220.52 1432 11 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,mm,,,Depth from stalagmite top,,N, ## age_calBP age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB Oxygen isotope,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothem,,isotope ration mass spectrometry,N, # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: # depth_mm age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB 0.6 -8.683754198 -4.938880562 1.2 -6.28858124 -5.142722714 2.1 -2.656957067 -5.191465503 2.5 -1.004080699 -5.141580481 3.2 1.93530114 -5.251273191 3.3 2.357116103 -5.263768896 3.8 4.461244783 -5.183739151 4.8 8.580951298 -4.950785372 5.5 11.39430186 -4.869343394 6.2 14.18972817 -4.959293393 6.5 15.39056758 -5.154073775 7.7 20.19045785 -5.343130932 8.3 22.56182516 -5.117026479 8.7 24.12297549 -5.316422555 9.4 26.81199796 -5.26797352 10.5 30.91615697 -5.280304492 12 36.40059351 -5.185433739 12.9 39.79749119 -5.274664745 14.6 46.39534819 -5.577490474 15.3 49.11878626 -5.787436735 16.2 52.63154875 -6.011942159 17.1 56.17045957 -5.724697425 17.4 57.35565345 -5.555982965 18.1 60.12973241 -5.488688358 19.2 64.49328632 -5.509030651 20.7 70.28401483 -5.404665689 21.1 71.77737728 -5.613575295 22.4 76.54250715 -5.700226659 22.6 77.27043994 -5.689711877 23.7 81.31136614 -5.515909594 24.8 85.51654619 -5.805661249 25.9 89.90239212 -5.575100751 27.2 95.207129 -5.399695065 27.8 97.69935279 -5.322725963 28.9 102.3714776 -5.624902583 29.8 106.2990169 -5.734256318 30.9 111.2223398 -5.689329521 31.8 115.3650302 -5.29817196 32.7 119.6324885 -5.783006672 33.8 124.9960087 -5.56535068 34.5 128.4617483 -5.555887376 35.2 131.9608185 -5.644307136 36 136.0200011 -5.444062863 36.9 140.6858902 -5.831183493 37.7 144.9028475 -5.898956044 38.3 148.0874619 -5.601387706 39.2 152.875879 -5.381772141 40.2 158.2067724 -5.475592675 41.6 165.6587116 -5.557130032 42.6 170.9102541 -5.660462924 43.4 175.057032 -5.802697992 44.3 179.7010469 -5.86444844 45.4 185.3827657 -5.577012529 46.3 190.0217338 -5.716954722 46.9 193.1030974 -5.664399495 48.1 199.2618012 -5.436879158 48.7 202.3559788 -5.689616288 49.9 208.7170587 -5.463930826 50.6 212.6316116 -5.504747298 50.8 213.7806856 -5.50778862 51.7 219.0555379 -5.603968607 52.3 222.6088945 -5.327716601 53.5 229.7013391 -5.395297974 54 232.6768692 -5.414798116 54.7 236.8877044 -5.587851866 55.8 243.4823185 -5.56802717 56.5 247.5346533 -5.581887565 57.3 251.9718744 -5.69391779 57.9 255.1918264 -5.585328766 58.8 259.898774 -5.417598043 59.7 264.4784833 -5.43860264 60.3 267.4606202 -5.403429643 61.5 273.3025379 -5.284994825 62.3 277.1954131 -5.323551673 63.3 282.1217767 -5.248968414 64.2 286.5300686 -5.481115259 64.8 289.4153665 -5.528584506 65.8 294.1708762 -5.392563189 66.8 298.9497607 -5.322312516 67.8 303.6973793 -5.416202493 68.6 307.3555144 -5.317280134 69.2 309.982819 -5.414772696 70.2 314.1396786 -5.269028763 71.1 317.683949 -5.339184116 71.4 318.8555808 -5.294002544 72.3 322.4597637 -5.41950886 73.3 326.7330319 -5.365587693 74 329.8331919 -5.234999604 75 334.3085544 -5.347476937 76 338.8642317 -5.464478179 76.9 343.072897 -5.478732264 77.8 347.1782227 -5.519529127 78.7 350.8974045 -5.114255794 79.9 356.0444019 -5.41763229 80.6 359.9201803 -5.171135356 81.4 362.1190684 -5.208310068 82.7 362.3777255 -5.263118937 83 362.5542028 -5.046230697 83.9 363.0836348 -5.243006465 85.1 363.7895442 -5.32069208 86 369.3154898 -5.298577893 87.4 378.590613 -5.204211317 88 382.1088048 -5.318999869 89.1 388.7929984 -5.439269878 89.8 393.2221044 -5.498177498 91 400.865907 -5.428784703 91.8 405.9151964 -5.38369845 92.5 410.2800907 -5.327120843 93.8 418.2280875 -5.595403667 94.5 422.4223244 -5.40905351 95.5 428.378982 -5.411817783 96.3 433.2306144 -5.45696088 97.7 442.0292205 -5.32097804 98.7 448.379745 -5.632483059 99.3 452.1663967 -5.611226749 100.3 458.4277644 -5.633912855 100.9 462.1536211 -5.577820075 102.3 470.7948196 -5.746390188 103.7 479.4529534 -5.480829299 104.5 484.467776 -5.322789115 105.2 488.9106758 -5.466054734 105.9 493.3909177 -5.660125793 106.7 498.5379556 -5.340633275 107.7 504.9855205 -5.524867035 108.7 511.4217356 -5.515144418 109.8 518.50745 -5.321515891 110.6 523.7056683 -5.362366835 111.8 531.5703362 -5.0995425 112.8 538.1236048 -5.495489492 113.7 544.0153145 -5.334180636 114.7 550.5911223 -5.347702394 115.5 555.8729986 -5.473762325 116.6 563.1194733 -5.171866936 117.4 568.3650527 -5.10387064 118.2 573.6047878 -5.411759815 119 578.864639 -5.346253739 120.1 586.2549371 -5.23970095 121 592.5357078 -5.43150719 122.2 601.0998884 -5.093784615 122.9 606.085662 -5.163749776 124.3 615.8357568 -5.15939686 125.4 623.1400727 -5.08740881 126.2 628.1782164 -5.18275397 127.5 635.7414636 -5.2036692 128.2 639.4332793 -5.266627228 129.1 643.6719071 -5.30272458 129.8 646.3762879 -5.564438837 131.1 649.623838 -5.352411523 131.9 651.1820864 -5.333832003 132.9 653.9214888 -5.259938601 133.5 655.9681874 -5.309094701 134.8 660.3954024 -5.504253608 135.8 663.9531963 -5.466012012 136.8 668.6603329 -5.571756018 137.8 672.3476796 -5.480557121 139 673.4295974 -5.520264208 139.7 673.4377807 -5.261212625 141 674.1244356 -5.386547261 141.8 674.4643619 -5.134608007 142.4 674.9413556 -5.145276425 143.4 675.7363451 -5.485971724 144.3 676.4518356 -5.379696874 145.3 677.2468251 -5.348058607 145.6 679.5061389 -5.378235206 146.7 689.7582218 -5.286693109 147.4 695.9670662 -5.153663751 147.8 699.4364999 -5.182116958 149 709.8015589 -5.190079609 149.8 716.734468 -5.310592273 150.8 725.3936487 -5.200696477 151.4 730.5842223 -5.154600139 152.3 738.3793595 -5.362709885 152.7 741.8508055 -5.426674425 153.8 751.3976397 -5.414095526 155.1 762.6233677 -5.202289007 156.8 777.2594753 -5.182329295 157.5 783.2975284 -5.234568665 158 787.6127934 -5.655208176 159.1 797.1088352 -5.452920995 160 804.8898678 -5.240154114 161.2 815.2951971 -5.456422894 162.4 825.7022829 -5.41449785 162.8 829.1653832 -5.521164341 164.1 840.4432335 -5.281221836 165.1 849.179691 -5.402939349 166.3 859.6272086 -5.443158126 167 865.7093803 -5.513138909 168.2 876.8712781 -5.382140192 169.4 889.6340991 -5.543015301 169.7 892.9429247 -5.488011661 170.8 904.7782861 -5.399119096 171.9 915.3344844 -5.269124367 172.8 922.571238 -5.3851115 174.1 933.8033775 -5.334529323 174.7 938.1047924 -5.214576534 175.8 944.1690469 -5.107294195 176.8 944.6749546 -5.120240609 177.7 945.1302714 -5.393903908 179.4 945.9903144 -5.116526474 181.2 970.2539374 -5.094623744 182.88 1000.876838 -5.398967574 183.843 1018.459677 -5.390077904 184.107 1023.207821 -5.291711361 185.011 1039.157763 -5.254182386