# Moroccan speleothem and treering records suggest a variable positive state # of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the Medieval Warm Period #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:15894 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/wassenburg2013pdsi.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-04-22 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Moroccan speleothem and treering records suggest a variable positive state of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the Medieval Warm Period #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Wassenburg,J.A.;Immenhauser,A.;Richter,D.K.;Niedermayr,A.;Riechelmann, S.;Fietzke,J.;Scholz,D.;Jochum,K.P.;Fohlmeister,J.;Schröder-Ritzrau,A.;Sabaoui,A.;Riechelmann,D.F.C.;Schneider,L.;Esper,J. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Tree-ring self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) reconstruction for the last millennium from Morocco. # It is an update of the PDSI reconstruction published by Esper et al. (2007) Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L17702 doi:10.1029/2007GL030844 # # Key words: drought, hydrology, precipitation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Medieval Climate Anomaly, Morocco, Africa, Mediterranean # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Wassenburg,J.A.;Immenhauser,A.;Richter,D.K.;Niedermayr,A.;Riechelmann, S.;Fietzke,J.;Scholz,D.;Jochum,K.P.;Fohlmeister,J.;Schröder-Ritzrau,A.;Sabaoui,A.;Riechelmann,D.F.C.;Schneider,L.;Esper,J.; # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-08-01 # Published_Title: Moroccan speleothem and treering records suggest a variable positive state of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the Medieval Warm Period # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 375 # Pages: 291-302 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.048 # Publisher: Elsevier # Online_Resource: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X13003026 # Abstract: We present a magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) record from an aragonitic speleothem (Grotte de Piste, Morocco, 34°N; 04°W) providing a reconstruction of effective rainfall from 619 to 1962 AD. The corresponding drip site was monitored over 2 yr for drip water Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios. Results show evidence for prior aragonite precipitation, which can explain negative correlations between speleothem Mg and Sr concentrations. The data shown here have important climate implications concerning the evolution of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A comparison of the stalagmite data from Grotte de Piste with an updated tree ring based drought reconstruction from Morocco and other NAO related proxy records confirms that the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) was dominated by NAO+ conditions. The stalagmite record and multiple proxy records from the Iberian Peninsula, however, suggest that considerable rainfall variability occurred during the MWP. This implies that the NAO has been more variable during the MWP than formerly suggested. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Jan Esper, David Frank, Ulf Büntgen, Anne Verstege, Jürg Luterbacher, and Elena Xoplaki # Published_Date_or_Year: 2007-09-05 # Published_Title: Long-term drought severity variations in Morocco # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 34 # Edition: # Issue: L17702 # Pages: # DOI: 10.1029/2007GL030844 # Online_Resource: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007GL030844/abstract # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Cedrus atlantica ring width data are used to reconstruct long-term changes in the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) over the past 953 years in Morocco, NW Africa. The reconstruction captures the dry conditions since the 1980s well and places this extreme period within a millennium-long context. PDSI values were above average for most of the 1450-1980 period, which let recent drought appear exceptional. However, our results also indicate that this pluvial episode of the past millennium was preceded by generally drier conditions back to 1049. Comparison of PDSI estimates with large-scale pressure field reconstructions revealed steady synoptic patterns for drought conditions over the past 350 years. The long-term changes from initially dry to pluvial to recent dry conditions are similar to PDSI trends reported from N America, and we suggest that they are related to long-term temperature changes, potentially teleconnected with ENSO variability and forced by solar irradiance changes. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). # Grant: IM44/1 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Atlas Mountains CO, CS, IS, JF # Location: Africa>Northern Africa>Morocco # Region: PAGES Africa 2k, PAGES Euro Med 2k # Country: Morocco # Northernmost_Latitude: 33.10 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32.42 # Easternmost_Longitude: 05.33 # Westernmost_Longitude: 04.90 # Elevation: 2150 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AtlasMtnsPDSIsc # Earliest_Year: 1043 # Most_Recent_Year: 2008 # Time_Unit: AD #------------------ # Chronology: # # #---------------- # Species # Species_Name: Cedrus atlantica # Common_Name: Atlas Cedar #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ## scPDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index, , , , , reconstructed, self-calibrating PDSI, ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_AD scPDSI 2008 -2.072356194 2007 -2.473064056 2006 -1.046101693 2005 -1.719795001 2004 0.111733131 2003 -0.48325889 2002 -0.146335078 2001 -1.55017962 2000 -3.010216061 1999 -2.903800857 1998 -1.328116354 1997 -0.634104143 1996 -0.926306316 1995 -3.303294054 1994 -1.199277892 1993 -2.179131168 1992 -0.759761955 1991 -0.773682073 1990 -1.303879709 1989 -1.125016356 1988 -1.218772051 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