# Huangchao Cave, China 2,200 Year Stalagmite Isotope and Trace Element Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31535 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/huangchao2020iso.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data Type: Speleothems # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, geochemistry #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-10-12 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-10-12 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Huangchao Cave, China 2,200 Year Stalagmite Isotope and Trace Element Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tan, L.; Liu, W.; Wang, T.; Cheng, P.; Zang, J.; Wang, X.; Ma, L.; Li, D.; Lan, J.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H.; Xu, H.; Ai, L.; Gao, Y.; Cai, Y. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem stable isotope (d13C and d18O) and trace element (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) records, plus precipitation index reconstruction, from Huangchao Cave, China during 174BC-AD1810. # Provided Keywords: Speleothem, Stable isotopes, Trace elements, Deforestation, Human activity, 16th century #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Liangcheng Tan, Wen Liu, Tianli Wang, Peng Cheng, Jingjie Zang, Xiqian Wang, Le Ma, Dong Li, Jianghu Lan, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Hai Xu, Li Ai, Yongli Gao, Yanjun Cai # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-08-13 # Published_Title: A multiple-proxy stalagmite record reveals historical deforestation in central Shandong, northern China # Journal_Name: Science China-Earth Sciences # Volume: 63 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1622-1632 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1007/s11430-019-9649-1 # Online_Resource: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11430-019-9649-1 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Evaluating anthropogenic impacts on regional vegetation changes during historical time is not only important for a better understanding of the Anthropocene but also valuable in improving the vegetation-climate models. In this study, we analyzed stable isotopes (d18O, d13C) and trace elements (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) of a stalagmite from Huangchao Cave in central Shandong, northern China. 230Th and AMS14C dating results indicate the stalagmite deposited during 174BC and AD1810, with a hiatus between AD638 and 1102. Broad similarities of the d18O and trace elements in the stalagmite suggest they are reliable precipitation indexes. The d13C of the stalagmite, a proxy of vegetation change, was generally consistent with local precipitation and temperature variations on a centennial-scale before the 15th century. It typically varied from -9.6 per mil to -6.3 per mil, indicating climate controlled C3 type vegetation during this period. However, a persistent and marked increasing trend in the d13C record was observed since the 15th century, resulting in d13C values from -7.7 per mil to -1.6 per mil in the next four centuries. This unprecedented d13C change caused by vegetation deterioration cannot be explained by climate change but is fairly consistent with the dramatically increasing population and farmland in Shandong. We suggest that the increasing deforestation and reclamation in central Shandong began to affect vegetation in the mountain region of central Shandong since the 15th century and severely destroyed or even cleared the forest during the 16th-18th century. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41991252 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Strategic Priority Research Program # Grant: XDB40000000 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences # Grant: 132B61KYSB20170005 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41888101 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USA National Science Foundation # Grant: 0908792, 1211299, 1702816 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: 111 Program of China # Grant: D19002 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Belt & Road Center for Climate and Environment Studies of IEECAS # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Huangchao Cave # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.6167 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.6167 # Easternmost_Longitude: 118.33 # Westernmost_Longitude: 118.33 # Elevation: 518 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Huangchao2020iso # Earliest_Year: -174 # Most_Recent_Year: 1810 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length: # Notes: hiatus between 27 and 27.5 mm (638-1102 CE) #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # 230Th dating results # Sample No. Depth (mm) 238U (ppb) 232Th (ppt) 230Th/ 232Th (atomic x10 -6) d234U *(measured) 230Th/238U(activity) 230Th age (yr)(uncorrected) 230Th age (yr)(corrected) d234U Initial **(corrected) 230Th age (yr BP) (corrected) # HC-1 2 534.1±29.8 3572±72 23±1 1233.2±34.6 0.0093±0.0006 457±28 370±66 1234±35 303±66 # HC-1d 3 347.0±0.4 2320±47 23±1 1397.4±2.7 0.0093±0.0006 425±26 344±63 1399±3 277±63 # HC-1a 5 395.9±0.5 46932±941 13±0 1436.5±3.0 0.0966±0.0008 4394±39 2978±1004 1449±5 2911±1004 # HC-2d 13 423.3±0.6 11445±229 68±1 1325.1±2.6 0.1119±0.0006 5356±28 5020±239 1344±3 4953±239 # HC-3d 25 339.1±0.5 20790±417 18±0 1547.3±3.2 0.0682±0.0007 2952±32 2252±496 1557±4 2185±496 # HC-3c 26.5 376.1±0.6 23045±462 34±1 1484.5±3.0 0.1265±0.0005 5672±25 4959±506 1505±4 4892±506 # HC-4d 28 342.0±0.3 10426±209 42±1 1485.9±2.1 0.0779±0.0006 3461±28 3106±253 1499±2 3039±253 # S694-2 29.5 355.8±0.5 1238±26 164±4 1600.1±2.9 0.0347±0.0004 1463±16 1424±32 1607±3 1357±32 # S695-3 37.5 388.4±0.6 1387±28 183±4 1649.4±2.8 0.0397±0.0003 1642±14 1603±31 1657±3 1536±31 # HC-2 51.5 427.0±0.9 2320±47 143±3 1496.3±3.4 0.0472±0.0003 2079±14 2016±47 1505±3 1949±47 # HC-9a 54.5 453.4±0.6 3018±61 125±3 1469.3±3.2 0.0504±0.0009 2244±41 2165±69 1478±3 2098±69 # # # AMS 14 C dating results # Lab No. Sample No. Depth from top (mm) Dated material 14C age (yr BP) Error 14C calibrated age (cal yr BP) (1sigma) Age (yr BP) Upper Lower Median probability # XA19330 HC-3-C 8 Charcoal 449 23 501 516 509 # XA19331 HC-4-C 16 Charcoal 563 28 537 627 598 # XA19332 HC-5-C 20 Charcoal 685 25 572 672 659 # XA19333 HC-6-C 22 Charcoal 694 22 656 673 664 # XA18196 TLC-W-7 25 Charcoal 775 24 678 725 698 # XA18197 TLC-W-8 27 Charcoal 908 25 787 904 848 # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## depth depth, , , millimeter, , speleothems, , ,N, ## ageCE age, , , year Common Era, , speleothems, , ,N, ## d18O delta 18O, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d13C delta 13C, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth ageCE d18O d13C 0.1 1810 -7.56 -1.97 0.5 1787 -8.06 -1.72 1 1764 -8.12 -1.54 1.5 1741 -8.22 -1.90 2 1718 -7.95 -1.85 2.5 1695 -7.81 -2.26 3 1672 -7.79 -3.05 3.5 1649 -7.67 -3.40 4 1625 -8.08 -5.01 4.5 1602 -7.81 -5.33 5 1579 -7.67 -5.35 5.5 1556 -7.30 -5.42 6 1533 -7.97 -5.97 6.5 1510 -8.17 -5.80 7 1487 -8.46 -6.89 7.5 1464 -8.34 -6.79 8 1441 -8.09 -5.52 8.5 1435 -8.25 -5.88 9 1430 -8.14 -6.53 9.5 1424 -7.95 -6.34 10 1419 -8.05 -7.13 10.5 1413 -8.69 -7.74 11 1408 -8.30 -7.66 11.5 1402 -8.07 -7.42 12 1397 -7.91 -7.30 12.5 1391 -8.02 -7.47 13 1386 -8.02 -7.51 13.5 1380 -7.98 -7.58 14 1375 -8.04 -8.06 14.5 1369 -8.50 -8.83 15 1364 -8.58 -8.67 15.5 1358 -8.49 -8.46 16 1352 -8.42 -8.06 16.5 1346 -8.18 -8.28 17 1339 -8.18 -8.74 17.5 1332 -8.20 -8.70 18 1325 -8.53 -8.95 18.5 1318 -7.74 -8.53 19 1311 -7.56 -8.75 19.5 1304 -7.89 -8.83 20 1298 -8.32 -8.80 20.5 1294 -7.98 -8.98 21 1290 -7.72 -8.79 21.5 1286 -8.14 -9.42 22 1282 -7.33 -8.46 22.5 1277 -7.55 -9.10 23 1272 -7.93 -9.17 23.5 1267 -8.04 -9.02 24 1262 -7.72 -7.65 24.5 1257 -7.65 -7.40 25 1251 -7.86 -7.92 25.5 1214 -8.33 -8.17 26 1177 -7.96 -7.79 26.5 1139 -8.23 -8.03 27 1102 -7.58 -7.58 27.5 638 -7.88 -7.68 28 627 -7.82 -7.46 28.5 616 -8.10 -8.35 29 605 -8.37 -8.58 29.5 593 -8.24 -7.47 30 582 -8.20 -7.26 30.5 571 -8.77 -8.77 31 560 -9.25 -8.44 31.5 548 -9.17 -8.27 32 537 -8.70 -8.30 32.5 526 -8.61 -8.59 33 515 -8.94 -8.55 33.5 503 -8.55 -8.68 34 492 -8.29 -8.37 34.5 481 -8.13 -7.87 35 470 -8.59 -7.83 35.5 459 -8.23 -6.42 36 447 -8.57 -7.58 36.5 436 -7.79 -7.04 37 425 -8.24 -6.96 37.5 414 -8.22 -7.06 38 399 -8.33 -6.84 38.5 384 -8.66 -7.13 39 369 -8.20 -6.31 39.5 355 -8.43 -6.76 40 340 -7.74 -5.92 40.5 325 -7.92 -6.84 41 311 -8.13 -6.86 41.5 296 -7.86 -6.26 42 281 -8.19 -7.11 42.5 266 -8.19 -7.65 43 252 -8.35 -7.69 43.5 237 -8.45 -8.17 44 222 -8.23 -8.22 44.5 207 -7.61 -8.46 45 193 -7.74 -7.94 45.5 178 -7.55 -8.21 46 163 -7.67 -8.59 46.5 148 -7.49 -8.45 47 134 -7.82 -9.23 47.5 119 -7.71 -9.35 48 104 -7.65 -8.98 48.5 90 -7.68 -8.87 49 75 -7.64 -8.52 49.5 60 -7.82 -8.59 50 45 -7.81 -9.40 50.5 31 -7.65 -9.50 51 16 -7.52 -9.38 51.5 1 -7.79 -9.57 52 -24 -7.90 -9.53 52.5 -49 -8.14 -9.25 53 -74 -7.98 -9.41 53.5 -99 -7.89 -8.74 54 -124 -8.09 -7.97 54.5 -149 -7.84 -7.95 55 -174 -7.55 -7.66