# Eastern China Little Ice Age Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/33412 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/qujia2021d18o.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data Type: Speleothems # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-05-12 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-05-12 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Eastern China Little Ice Age Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Zhao, J. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stable isotope records of stalagmite QJ1 from Qujia cave, northern China, 1556-1713 CE, and from stalagmites XN2 and XN15, Xiniu cave, central-eastern China, 1165-1848 CE. # Provided Keywords: Speleothem; Oxygen isotope; Aridity; Ming Dynasty #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jingyao Zhao, Hai Cheng, Yan Yang, Liu Wen, Haiwei Zhang, Xianglei Li, Hanying Li, Yassine Ait-Brahim, Carlos Perez-Mejias, Xiaoli Qu # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 in press # Published_Title: Role of the Summer Monsoon Variability in the Collapse of the Ming Dynasty: Evidences from Speleothem Records # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Climatic changes have played an important role in societal reorganizations. Particularly, the late 16th and early 17th century coincided with severely cold condition, extremely weak summer monsoon and widespread population decline in China. Here we present new speleothem oxygen isotope records across North and South China, which in concert with historical documents, allow us to characterize the 'Late Ming Weak Monsoon' (LMWMP) at an unprecedented annual temporal resolution. Our analysis suggests that as a weak summer monsoon event not seen for nearly five hundred years in China, the LMWMP spatiotemporally coincided with the late Ming Dynasty peasant uprising (1627~1658 CE), and thus the transition from Ming to Qing Dynasty. This suggests a plausible role of climate change in shaping the important chapters of the Chinese history. In addition, both speleothem and historical documents reveal that the LMWMP appears to be a north to south time-transgressive event on decadal-timescale. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41888101, 42002199, 41731174 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Guangxi Key Science and Technology Innovation Base on Karst Dynamics # Grant: KDL & Guangxi202005 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Qujia Cave # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.7 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.7 # Easternmost_Longitude: 118.4 # Westernmost_Longitude: 118.4 # Elevation: 456 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Qujia2021d18O # Earliest_Year: 1556 # Most_Recent_Year: 1713 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # U-Th isotopic data and 230Th dates of stalagmite QJ1 # Sample Depth 238U 232Th 230Th / 232Th d234U* 230Th / 238U 230Th Age (yr) 230Th Age (yr) d234UInitial** 230Th Age (yr BP)*** # Number mm (ppb) (ppt) (atomic x10-6) (measured) (activity) (uncorrected) (corrected) (corrected) (corrected ) # # QJ1-9 34.0 6343.1 +-22.0 703 +-20 1236 +-36 2126.2 +-6.6 0.0083 +-0.0001 290 +-2 289 +-2 2128 +-7 222 +-2 # QJ1-10 35.5 5838.7 +-23.4 323 +-21 2561 +-170 2133.6 +-8.9 0.0086 +-0.0001 299 +-3 299 +-3 2135 +-9 232 +-3 # QJ1-D1 37.5 6383.4 +-6.5 58 +-8 17067 +-2392 2139.8 +-2.4 0.0093 +-0.0001 325 +-3 325 +-3 2142 +-2 256 +-3 # QJ1-11 39.5 6897.5 +-13.5 695 +-20 1592 +-45 2119.8 +-3.9 0.0097 +-0.0000 341 +-2 340 +-2 2122 +-4 273 +-2 # QJ1-12 41.5 6618.2 +-10.4 640 +-23 1804 +-65 2097.7 +-3.0 0.0106 +-0.0001 373 +-2 372 +-2 2100 +-3 305 +-2 # QJ1-D2 42.5 6347.9 +-12.1 134 +-13 8742 +-879 2131.3 +-3.8 0.0112 +-0.0001 390 +-5 390 +-5 2134 +-4 321 +-5 # QJ1-D4 44.0 7600.7 +-20.7 813 +-23 1783 +-55 2133.8 +-5.7 0.0116 +-0.0001 403 +-5 402 +-5 2136 +-6 333 +-5 # QJ1-13 45.0 7371.5 +-19.6 185 +-15 7594 +-611 2111.0 +-5.5 0.0116 +-0.0001 406 +-2 406 +-2 2113 +-6 339 +-2 # QJ1-D5 47.5 7832.9 +-30.4 49 +-11 31985 +-7085 2121.0 +-8.4 0.0122 +-0.0001 427 +-4 427 +-4 2124 +-8 358 +-4 # QJ1-14 52.5 8574.2 +-21.1 129 +-16 13692 +-1722 2103.0 +-5.2 0.0124 +-0.0001 438 +-2 438 +-2 2106 +-5 371 +-2 # QJ1-15 54.5 8410.4 +-20.8 416 +-16 4341 +-165 2106.4 +-4.6 0.0130 +-0.0001 458 +-2 457 +-2 2109 +-5 390 +-2 # QJ1-16 59.5 7792.3 +-18.9 485 +-20 3656 +-150 2048.8 +-4.8 0.0138 +-0.0001 494 +-3 494 +-3 2052 +-5 427 +-3 # # U decay constants: l238 = 1.5512x10-10 (Jaffey et al., 1971) and l234 = 2.82206x10-6 (Cheng et al., 2013). Th decay constant: l230 = 9.1705x10-6 (Cheng et al., 2013). # Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 +-2.2 x10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, # with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. ***B.P. stands for "Before Present" where the "Present" is defined as the year 1950 A.D. # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## depth depth, , , millimeter, , speleothems, , ,N, ## age_CE age, , , year Common Era, , speleothems, , ,N, ## d18O delta 18O, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth age_CE d18O 36 1712.82 -7.726 36.2 1710.79 -7.651 36.4 1708.77 -7.683 36.6 1706.74 -7.691 36.8 1704.71 -7.809 37 1702.68 -7.648 37.2 1700.66 -7.752 37.8 1694.57 -7.511 38 1692.55 -7.589 38.2 1690.52 -7.480 38.4 1688.49 -7.540 38.6 1686.46 -7.608 38.8 1684.44 -7.709 39 1682.41 -7.741 39.2 1680.38 -7.746 39.4 1678.35 -7.579 39.8 1672.51 -7.438 40 1669.28 -7.585 40.6 1659.62 -7.796 40.8 1656.39 -7.815 41.2 1649.95 -8.048 41.4 1646.73 -7.993 41.6 1644.15 -7.812 42 1640.31 -7.732 42.1 1639.35 -7.709 42.2 1638.39 -7.594 42.3 1637.43 -7.880 42.4 1636.47 -7.631 42.5 1635.51 -7.533 42.6 1634.55 -7.642 42.7 1633.59 -7.458 42.8 1632.63 -7.348 42.9 1631.67 -7.318 43 1630.71 -7.573 43.1 1629.75 -7.489 43.2 1628.79 -7.447 43.3 1627.83 -7.544 43.4 1626.87 -7.509 43.5 1625.91 -7.316 43.6 1624.95 -7.417 43.7 1623.99 -7.612 43.9 1622.07 -7.843 44 1621.11 -7.861 44.1 1620.15 -7.852 44.2 1619.19 -7.934 44.4 1617.27 -7.942 44.6 1615.35 -7.887 44.8 1613.43 -7.884 45 1611.51 -7.838 45.2 1610.65 -7.723 45.4 1609.80 -7.612 45.6 1608.94 -7.854 45.8 1608.08 -7.929 46 1607.22 -8.205 46.2 1606.36 -7.857 46.4 1605.50 -8.010 46.6 1604.64 -8.093 46.8 1603.78 -8.130 47 1602.92 -7.858 47.2 1602.07 -7.802 47.4 1601.21 -7.841 47.6 1600.35 -8.035 47.8 1599.49 -8.198 48.2 1597.77 -7.990 48.4 1596.91 -8.042 48.6 1596.05 -8.097 48.8 1595.19 -8.207 49 1594.33 -8.046 49.2 1593.48 -7.997 49.4 1592.62 -8.010 49.6 1591.76 -8.208 49.8 1590.90 -8.100 50 1590.04 -7.957 50.2 1589.18 -7.702 50.6 1587.46 -7.865 50.8 1586.60 -7.576 51 1585.75 -7.919 51.2 1584.89 -7.758 51.8 1582.31 -7.906 52 1581.45 -7.745 52.2 1580.59 -7.721 52.4 1579.73 -7.935 52.6 1578.34 -7.635 52.8 1576.40 -7.647 53 1574.47 -7.531 53.2 1572.53 -7.462 53.4 1570.60 -8.075 53.6 1568.66 -7.642 53.8 1566.73 -7.968 54 1564.80 -8.158 54.2 1562.86 -7.853 54.4 1560.93 -7.920 54.6 1559.23 -7.655 54.8 1557.77 -8.070 55 1556.30 -7.958