# Xianglong Cave, China 6,650 year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/23870 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-23870.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/8d0j-jt40 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/xianglong2018-xl2-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite XL-2 Stable Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-04-12 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-31 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Xianglong Cave, China 6,650 year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tan, L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-7102); Cai, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-5050); Cheng, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-9458); Edwards, R.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-5881); Gao, Y.; Xu, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-8156); Zhang, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-1283); An, Z.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9826) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem oxygen and carbon isotope records from Xianglong Cave, upper Hanjiang River region over the last 6650 years. Provided Keywords: Speleothem, oxygen and carbon isotope, Xianglonglong cave, paleoclimate #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Liangcheng Tan, Yanjun Cai, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Yongli Gao, Hai Xu, Haiwei Zhang, Zhisheng An # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Published_Title: Centennial- to decadal-scale monsoon precipitation variations in the upper Hanjiang River region, China over the past 6650 years # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Volume: 482 # Pages: 580-590 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.044 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The upper Hanjiang River region is the recharge area of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The region is under construction of the Hanjiang-Weihe River Water Transfer Project in China. Monsoon precipitation variations in this region are critical to water resource and security of China. In this study, high-resolution monsoon precipitation variations were reconstructed in the upper Hanjiang River region over the past 6650 years from d18O and d13C records of four stalagmites in Xianglong cave. The long term increasing trend of stalagmite d18O record since the middle Holocene is consistent with other speleothem records from monsoonal China. This trend follows the gradually decreasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, which indicates that solar insolation may control the orbital-scale East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variations. Despite the declined EASM intensity since the middle Holocene, local precipitation may not have decreased remarkably, as revealed by the d13C records. A series of centennial- to decadal-scale cyclicity was observed, with quasi-millennium-, quasi-century-, 57-, 36- and 22-year cycles by removing the long-term trend of stalagmite d18O record. Increased monsoon precipitation during periods of 4390-3800 a BP, 3590-2960 a BP, 2050-1670 a BP and 1110–790 a BP had caused four super-floods in the upper reach of Hanjiang River. Dramatically dry climate existed in this region during the 5.0 ka and 2.8 ka events, coinciding with notable droughts in other regions of monsoonal China. Remarkably intensified and southward Westerly jet, together with weakened summer monsoon, may delay the onset of rainy seasons, resulting in synchronous decreasing of monsoon precipitation in China during the two events. During the 4.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age, the upper Hanjiang River region was wet, which was similar to the climate conditions in central and southern China, but was the opposite of drought observed in northern China. We propose that weakened summer monsoon and less strengthened or normal Westerly jet may cause rain belt stay longer in the southward region, which reduced rainfall in northern China but enhanced it in central and southern China. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences West Light Foundation # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation China # Grant: 41372192, 41001061 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology of China # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Key Research and Development Program of China # Grant: 2017YFA0603401 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Young Scientist Program of Shaanxi, China # Grant: 2015KJXX-57 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Xianglong Cave # Location: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 32.9975 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32.9975 # Easternmost_Longitude: 106.3281 # Westernmost_Longitude: 106.3281 # Elevation_m: 940 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Xianglong2018iso XL-2 # First_Year: 4200 # Last_Year: 1972 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: 230Th dating results of XL2 from Xianglong cave. XRD analyses results suggest XL2 is composed of pure aragonite. # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: # 234U_Decay_Constant: # 230Th_Decay_Constant: # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 +/- 2.2 x 10-6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. # Age_Model_Method: linear interpolation # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil # XL2-2 2.5 2120.0 4.6 167.8 3.4 5380.8 110.7 365.7 2.3 0.02583 0.00008 2081 7 2019 7 367.8 2.4 # XL2-3 9 672.4 0.9 238.5 5.1 1326.1 29.2 372.1 2.2 0.02852 0.00018 2289 15 2221 16 374.5 2.2 # XL2-3a 22 1760.3 3.6 163.5 3.7 5317.8 120.0 374.6 2.2 0.02995 0.00011 2400 9 2338 10 377.1 2.3 # XL2-4 32.75 1967.6 3.5 100.8 2.3 9906.9 227.2 373.7 2.2 0.03078 0.00009 2469 8 2408 8 376.3 2.2 # XL2-4a 46 1464.0 2.8 167.6 3.8 4661.8 108.0 371.0 2.3 0.03237 0.00013 2603 11 2541 11 373.7 2.3 # XL2-5 58 1480.9 2.5 85.2 1.9 9613.3 210.8 376.1 2.0 0.03354 0.00009 2688 9 2627 9 379.0 2.1 # XL2-5a 67.5 1099.6 1.9 323.5 6.9 1943.1 42.2 373.7 2.2 0.03467 0.00017 2784 15 2718 15 376.7 2.2 # XL2-6 81.5 522.7 0.8 170.0 3.7 1826.1 41.2 369.5 2.2 0.03601 0.00022 2902 18 2836 19 372.5 2.2 # XL2-6a 84.5 1051.3 1.6 566.2 11.5 1132.0 23.6 372.3 1.9 0.03697 0.00017 2975 14 2904 16 375.4 1.9 # XL2-7a 95 784.5 1.2 197.1 4.3 2476.7 54.8 371.8 2.2 0.03773 0.00019 3038 16 2972 16 375.0 2.2 # XL2-8 101 1106.2 1.6 111.2 2.4 6380.8 141.4 372.8 2.1 0.03891 0.00011 3131 11 3069 11 376.1 2.1 # XL2-8a 109 1411.8 2.5 107.6 2.8 8700.0 230.6 372.2 2.1 0.04021 0.00015 3239 13 3177 13 375.6 2.1 # XL2-9 117.5 1318.9 2.3 1080.6 21.7 849.9 17.2 370.7 2.2 0.04223 0.00012 3408 11 3331 16 374.2 2.3 # XL2-10 125 1313.4 2.1 184.4 3.9 5265.6 111.7 368.5 2.3 0.04484 0.00014 3628 13 3565 13 372.3 2.3 # XL2-9a 133 1553.1 3.0 160.1 4.0 7441.7 186.5 370.6 2.4 0.04653 0.00018 3761 16 3699 16 374.6 2.4 # XL2-10a 140.5 1351.4 2.4 155.0 3.9 6837.1 174.7 367.3 2.2 0.04756 0.00019 3855 17 3793 17 371.3 2.2 # XL2-11 156.5 1618.5 2.5 85.9 2.1 15262.3 369.3 370.8 2.0 0.04910 0.00012 3972 12 3910 12 374.9 2.1 # XL2-12 170 963.0 1.4 125.5 2.7 6570.5 143.2 369.6 2.0 0.05192 0.00014 4207 13 4145 13 374.0 2.0 # XL2-1T 178 1000.1 2.6 218.9 14.1 3957.9 255.9 371.4 4.4 0.05247 0.00029 4253 28 4189 28 375.9 4.4 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,from SISAL v2 database ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## GR growth rate,calcium carbonate,,millimeter per year,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18O delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,,N, ## d13C delta 13C,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_mm age GR d18O d13C 1 1972.38 0.03 -6.12 -1.21 2 2003.46 0.03 -5.78 -1.65 3 2034.54 0.03 -6.24 -3.77 4 2065.62 0.03 -6.48 -3.78 5 2096.69 0.03 -6.12 -3.06 6 2127.77 0.03 -5.99 -1.68 7 2158.85 0.03 -6.1 -3.73 8 2189.92 0.03 -5.69 -4.57 9 2221 0.11 -5.84 -1.76 10 2230 0.11 -6.61 -3.42 11 2239 0.11 -7.16 -5.51 12 2248 0.11 -7.07 -5.29 13 2257 0.11 -6.45 -3.36 14 2266 0.11 -6.46 -5.58 15 2275 0.11 -6.71 -5.03 16 2284 0.11 -6.4 -4.86 17 2293 0.11 -6.69 -5.19 18 2302 0.11 -6.93 -5.27 19 2311 0.11 -6.85 -4.56 20 2320 0.11 -6.42 -5.05 21 2329 0.11 -6.32 -4.18 22 2338 0.15 -5.88 -3.71 23 2344.51 0.15 -6.31 -4.76 24 2351.02 0.15 -6.46 -6.33 25 2357.53 0.15 -6.86 -5.14 26 2364.05 0.15 -6.67 -4.96 27 2370.56 0.15 -6.91 -4.75 28 2377.07 0.15 -6.57 -4.85 29 2383.58 0.15 -6.37 -4.6 30 2390.09 0.15 -6.23 -4.57 31 2396.6 0.15 -6.4 -4.73 32 2403.12 0.14 -6.54 -5.03 33 2410.51 0.1 -6.8 -4.2 34 2420.55 0.1 -6.21 -4.25 35 2430.58 0.1 -6.04 -3.42 36 2440.62 0.1 -6.22 -3.6 37 2450.66 0.1 -6.66 -3.09 38 2460.7 0.1 -7.07 -4.2 39 2470.74 0.1 -7.63 -3.93 40 2480.77 0.1 -6.86 -4.7 41 2490.81 0.1 -6.65 -4.4 42 2500.85 0.1 -6.26 -4.14 43 2510.89 0.1 -6.32 -3.79 44 2520.92 0.1 -6.17 -4.46 45 2530.96 0.1 -6.88 -4.39 46 2541 0.14 -6.71 -3.59 47 2548.17 0.14 -6.38 -3.61 48 2555.33 0.14 -6.2 -3.35 49 2562.5 0.14 -6.62 -4.95 50 2569.67 0.14 -6.53 -4.93 51 2576.83 0.14 -6.67 -4.62 52 2584 0.14 -6.53 -4.84 53 2591.17 0.14 -6.26 -4.51 54 2598.33 0.14 -6.18 -4.77 55 2605.5 0.14 -6.42 -4.41 56 2612.67 0.14 -6.43 -4.45 57 2619.83 0.14 -7.02 -4.86 58 2627 0.1 -7.07 -5.02 59 2636.58 0.1 -6.58 -3.76 60 2646.16 0.1 -6.55 -4.52 61 2655.74 0.1 -6.27 -3.17 62 2665.32 0.1 -7.06 -4.44 63 2674.89 0.1 -7.19 -4.89 64 2684.47 0.1 -6.48 -4.07 65 2694.05 0.1 -6.31 -4.81 66 2703.63 0.1 -6.43 -4.34 67 2713.21 0.11 -6.39 -3.91 68 2722.21 0.12 -6.5 -3.59 69 2730.64 0.12 -6.1 -3.87 70 2739.07 0.12 -6.16 -3.52 71 2747.5 0.12 -6.27 -4.25 72 2755.93 0.12 -6.27 -4 73 2764.36 0.12 -6.6 -4.38 74 2772.79 0.12 -6.42 -4.4 75 2781.21 0.12 -6.37 -4.43 76 2789.64 0.12 -6.43 -3.7 77 2798.07 0.12 -6.3 -3.97 78 2806.5 0.12 -6.59 -3.59 79 2814.93 0.12 -7.17 -5.04 80 2823.36 0.12 -6.85 -4.55 81 2831.79 0.06 -6.1 -3.86 82 2847.33 0.04 -6.02 -3.4 83 2870 0.04 -6.43 -2.41 84 2892.67 0.07 -6.64 -4.78 85 2907.24 0.15 -6.38 -5.1 86 2913.71 0.15 -6.63 -5.93 87 2920.19 0.15 -6.6 -3.51 88 2926.67 0.15 -6.84 -3.69 89 2933.14 0.15 -6.98 -4.53 90 2939.62 0.15 -6.69 -3.72 91 2946.1 0.15 -7.47 -4.9 92 2952.57 0.15 -6.76 -4.39 93 2959.05 0.15 -6.93 -4.27 94 2965.52 0.15 -6.8 -4.93 95 2972 0.06 -6.56 -3.94 96 2988.17 0.06 -6.66 -4.89 96.5 2996.25 0.06 -6.5 -4.61 97 3004.33 0.06 -6.8 -3.93 97.5 3012.42 0.06 -6.97 -4.46 98 3020.5 0.06 -6.87 -4.61 98.5 3028.58 0.06 -6.52 -3.84 99 3036.67 0.06 -6.54 -3.93 99.5 3044.75 0.06 -6.66 -4.44 100 3052.83 0.06 -7.09 -5.09 100.5 3060.92 0.06 -6.79 -4.52 101 3069 0.07 -7.41 -5.26 101.5 3075.75 0.07 -7.54 -5.55 102 3082.5 0.07 -6.9 -4.9 102.5 3089.25 0.07 -7.46 -5.38 103 3096 0.07 -6.79 -3.88 103.5 3102.75 0.07 -6.99 -4.39 104 3109.5 0.07 -6.59 -4.41 104.5 3116.25 0.07 -7.12 -4.77 105 3123 0.07 -6.56 -4.74 105.5 3129.75 0.07 -7.11 -3.24 106 3136.5 0.07 -6.96 -3.41 106.5 3143.25 0.07 -7.35 -5.01 107 3150 0.07 -7.19 -3.32 107.5 3156.75 0.07 -7.12 -3.31 108 3163.5 0.07 -7.04 -2.77 108.5 3170.25 0.07 -7.04 -2.39 109 3177 0.06 -7.11 -5.53 109.5 3186.06 0.06 -7.66 -4.12 110 3195.12 0.06 -7.04 -4.34 110.5 3204.18 0.06 -7 -5.19 111 3213.24 0.06 -7.12 -4.43 111.5 3222.29 0.06 -6.82 -3.62 112 3231.35 0.06 -6.78 -4.45 112.5 3240.41 0.06 -6.93 -4.47 113 3249.47 0.06 -6.89 -3.93 113.5 3258.53 0.06 -6.91 -5.36 114 3267.59 0.06 -6.54 -3.88 114.5 3276.65 0.06 -7.01 -3.83 115 3285.71 0.06 -6.65 -3.41 115.5 3294.76 0.06 -7.18 -5.35 116 3303.82 0.06 -7.28 -4.92 116.5 3312.88 0.06 -7.26 -4.81 117 3321.94 0.06 -7.3 -2.99 117.5 3331 0.03 -7.24 -2.71 118 3346.6 0.03 -7.01 -2.98 118.5 3362.2 0.03 -6.95 -6.11 119 3377.8 0.03 -7.06 -5.67 119.5 3393.4 0.03 -6.62 -2.21 120 3409 0.03 -6.67 -3.43 120.5 3424.6 0.03 -6.83 -2.82 121 3440.2 0.03 -6.51 -1.9 121.5 3455.8 0.03 -6.5 -4.7 122 3471.4 0.03 -6.9 -2.64 122.5 3487 0.03 -6.95 -2.53 123 3502.6 0.03 -6.28 -2.76 123.5 3518.2 0.03 -6.32 -3 124 3533.8 0.03 -6.87 -4.13 124.5 3549.4 0.03 -6.7 -3.62 125 3565 0.06 -7.22 -3.45 125.5 3573.38 0.06 -6.86 -3.06 126 3581.75 0.06 -6.01 -2.6 126.5 3590.13 0.06 -6.79 -3.17 127 3598.5 0.06 -7 -3.67 127.5 3606.88 0.06 -7.37 -3.54 128 3615.25 0.06 -6.8 -4.16 128.5 3623.63 0.06 -7.28 -3.62 129 3632 0.06 -7.11 -3.34 129.5 3640.38 0.06 -7.53 -4.21 130 3648.75 0.06 -7.4 -4.47 130.5 3657.13 0.06 -7.46 -4.15 131 3665.5 0.06 -6.85 -2.36 131.5 3673.88 0.06 -7.01 -4.47 132 3682.25 0.06 -6.73 -5.74 132.5 3690.63 0.06 -6.67 -5.54 133 3699 0.08 -6.86 -4.39 133.5 3705.27 0.08 -6.21 -4.31 134 3711.53 0.08 -6.97 -4.69 135 3724.07 0.08 -6.69 -4.51 136 3736.6 0.08 -7.08 -3.38 137 3749.13 0.08 -6.84 -4.04 138 3761.67 0.08 -7.37 -4.56 139 3774.2 0.08 -7.02 -4.01 140 3786.73 0.1 -7.08 -2.92 141 3796.66 0.14 -6.82 -3.3 142 3803.97 0.14 -6.24 -3.62 143 3811.28 0.14 -6.49 -4.04 144 3818.59 0.14 -7.16 -4.94 145 3825.91 0.14 -6.74 -4.05 146 3833.22 0.14 -7.43 -5.52 147 3840.53 0.14 -7.09 -4.38 148 3847.84 0.14 -7.68 -5.82 149 3855.16 0.14 -7.36 -5.2 150 3862.47 0.14 -7.78 -5.41 151 3869.78 0.14 -7.52 -5.02 152 3877.09 0.14 -7.38 -4.62 153 3884.41 0.14 -7.76 -5.85 154 3891.72 0.14 -6.94 -4.2 155 3899.03 0.14 -7.29 -4.55 156 3906.34 0.08 -7.05 -4.81 157 3918.7 0.06 -6.91 -4.64 158 3936.11 0.06 -7.05 -4.71 159 3953.52 0.06 -7.37 -5.7 160 3970.93 0.06 -6.76 -3.34 161 3988.33 0.06 -7.59 -3.92 162 4005.74 0.06 -7.25 -3.17 163 4023.15 0.06 -6.46 -1.51 164 4040.56 0.06 -7.12 -4.06 165 4057.96 0.06 -6.85 -2.99 166 4075.37 0.06 -7.42 -3.92 167 4092.78 0.06 -7.52 -4.84 168 4110.19 0.06 -7.05 -4.17 169 4127.59 0.06 -7.37 -4.58 170 4145 0.18 -6.83 -4.02 171 4150.5 0.18 -6.46 -1.24 172 4156 0.18 -7.25 -4.5 173 4161.5 0.18 -7.58 -4.92 174 4167 0.18 -7.1 -5.18 175 4172.5 0.18 -7.1 -5.15 176 4178 0.18 -7.4 -5.68 177 4183.5 0.18 -7.57 -5.45 178 4189 0.18 -7.3 -4.79 179 4194.5 0.18 -7.73 -5.26 180 4200 0.18 -7.47 -5.28