# Jeita Cave, Lebanon 20,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20446 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20446.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/attj-1g71 # # Science_Keywords: hydrology #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/lebanon/jeita2015iso-j3-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Jeita Cave Core J3 Stable Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-08-26 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-01-31 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Jeita Cave, Lebanon 20,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cheng, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-9458); Sinha, A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-2451); Verheyden, S.; Nader, F.H.; Li, X.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-9020); Zhang, P.Z.; Yin, J.J.; Yi, L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-8591); Peng, Y.B.; Rao, Z.G.; Ning, Y.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-7307); Edwards, R.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-5881) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from 3 stalagmites collected in Jeita Cave, Lebanon for the past 20,000 years #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cheng, H.; Sinha, A.; Verheyden, S.; Nader, F.H.; Li, X.L.; Zhang, P.Z.; Yin, J.J.; Yi, L.; Peng, Y.B.; Rao, Z.G.; Ning, Y.F.; Edwards, R.L. # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Published_Title: The climate variability in northern Levant over the past 20,000 years # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 42 # Pages: 8641-8650 # Issue: 20 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065397 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The Levant constitutes an important region for assessing linkages between climate and societal changes throughout the course of human history. However, large uncertainties remain in our understanding of the region's hydroclimate variability under varying boundary conditions. Here we present a new high-resolution, precisely dated speleothem oxygen-carbon isotope and Sr/Ca records, spanning the last 20 ka from Jeita Cave, northern Levant. Our record reveals a higher (lower) precipitation-evaporation (P-E) balance during the Last Glacial Maximum and Bolling interstadial (Heinrich stadial 1). The early-middle Holocene is characterized by a trend toward higher P-E state, culminating between ~7 and 6 ka. The middle-late Holocene is characterized by two millennial-length drier periods during 5.3-4.2 and 2.8-1.4 ka. On submillennial time scale, the northern Levant climate variability is dominated by 500 year periodicity. Comparisons with the regional proxy records suggest persistent out-of-phase climate variability between the northern and southern Levant on a wide range of timescales. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Basic Research Program of China # Grant: 2013CB955902 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41230524 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Jeita Cave # Location: Lebanon # Northernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Southernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Easternmost_Longitude: 35.65 # Westernmost_Longitude: 35.65 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Jeita2015iso j3 # First_Year: 847 # Last_Year: 372 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Jaffey et al., 1971 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2013 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2013 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 2.2 × 10^-6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s meas_yr age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BM d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # J3-11 11 139.8 0.2 41 1 244 13 28.9 1.6 0.0044 0.0002 2012 464 22 455 29 2 393 23 # J3-48 48 154.6 0.3 50 1 258 10 23.3 2.1 0.0050 0.0002 2012 535 17 526 23 2 464 18 # J3-2 75 148.1 0.3 53 1 278 12 18.8 2.7 0.0061 0.0002 2010 652 25 641 19 3 581 26 # J3-92 92 156.6 0.2 137 3 123 4 21.9 1.8 0.0065 0.0002 2012 700 18 675 22 2 613 25 # J3-165 165 155.4 0.2 225 5 95 3 141.3 1.8 0.0084 0.0002 2012 802 20 765 142 2 703 33 # J3-4 180 176.2 0.3 117 2 206 6 23.1 2.2 0.0083 0.0002 2010 885 17 866 23 2 806 22 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from top ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d13CcarbVPDB delta 13C,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB d13CcarbVPDB Jeita-3 0 372 -5.60 -10.02 Jeita-3 2 376 -5.72 -10.99 Jeita-3 4 380 -5.77 -10.07 Jeita-3 6 383 -5.94 -9.92 Jeita-3 8 387 -5.46 -10.11 Jeita-3 10 391 -5.40 -10.10 Jeita-3 11 393 Jeita-3 12 395 -5.67 -10.51 Jeita-3 14 399 -5.87 -10.86 Jeita-3 16 403 -5.73 -10.50 Jeita-3 18 406 -5.61 -10.71 Jeita-3 20 410 -5.61 -10.33 Jeita-3 22 414 -5.77 -10.99 Jeita-3 24 418 -5.72 -10.58 Jeita-3 26 422 -5.67 -10.90 Jeita-3 28 426 -5.37 -11.00 Jeita-3 30 429 -5.56 -10.77 Jeita-3 32 433 -5.46 -10.48 Jeita-3 34 437 -5.45 -10.30 Jeita-3 36 441 -5.46 -10.64 Jeita-3 38 445 -5.43 -10.81 Jeita-3 40 449 -5.26 -10.59 Jeita-3 42 452 -5.19 -10.54 Jeita-3 44 456 -5.44 -10.55 Jeita-3 46 460 -5.62 -10.37 Jeita-3 48 464 -5.45 -11.00 Jeita-3 49 470 -5.02 -11.20 Jeita-3 50 476 -5.24 -11.18 Jeita-3 51 482 -5.37 -11.23 Jeita-3 52 487 -5.31 -11.16 Jeita-3 53 493 -5.41 -11.25 Jeita-3 54 499 -5.50 -10.75 Jeita-3 55 505 -5.53 -10.74 Jeita-3 56 511 Jeita-3 57 517 -5.20 -10.28 Jeita-3 58 523 -5.28 -10.45 Jeita-3 59 528 -5.34 -10.68 Jeita-3 60 534 -5.49 -10.51 Jeita-3 61 540 -5.50 -10.63 Jeita-3 62 546 -5.23 -10.64 Jeita-3 63 552 -5.34 -10.45 Jeita-3 64 558 -5.41 -10.63 Jeita-3 65 563 -5.75 -10.67 Jeita-3 66 569 -5.60 -10.64 Jeita-3 67 575 -5.43 -10.84 Jeita-3 68 581 Jeita-3 69 582 -5.55 -10.77 Jeita-3 70 584 -5.52 -10.61 Jeita-3 71 585 -5.34 -10.61 Jeita-3 72 586 -5.47 -11.05 Jeita-3 74 589 -5.60 -11.00 Jeita-3 76 592 -5.49 -10.62 Jeita-3 78 594 -5.67 -10.88 Jeita-3 80 597 -5.51 -10.98 Jeita-3 82 600 -5.72 -10.71 Jeita-3 84 602 -5.70 -10.63 Jeita-3 86 605 -5.67 -10.59 Jeita-3 88 608 -5.84 -10.72 Jeita-3 90 610 -5.69 -10.83 Jeita-3 92 613 -5.43 -11.12 Jeita-3 94 615 -5.70 -11.06 Jeita-3 96 618 -5.56 -11.27 Jeita-3 98 620 -5.71 -11.02 Jeita-3 100 622 -5.87 -11.21 Jeita-3 102 624 -5.82 -10.99 Jeita-3 104 627 -6.01 -10.80 Jeita-3 106 629 -5.86 -10.91 Jeita-3 108 631 -5.92 -10.85 Jeita-3 110 633 -5.83 -11.06 Jeita-3 112 636 -5.70 -11.09 Jeita-3 114 638 -5.85 -10.87 Jeita-3 116 640 -5.85 -11.13 Jeita-3 118 642 -5.63 -11.25 Jeita-3 120 645 Jeita-3 122 647 Jeita-3 124 649 -5.54 -10.80 Jeita-3 126 651 -5.59 -10.88 Jeita-3 128 654 -5.46 -10.98 Jeita-3 130 656 -5.58 -11.04 Jeita-3 132 658 -5.64 -10.95 Jeita-3 134 660 -5.86 -10.82 Jeita-3 136 663 -5.80 -10.57 Jeita-3 138 665 -5.54 -10.10 Jeita-3 140 668 -5.35 -10.23 Jeita-3 142 671 -5.35 -10.27 Jeita-3 144 673 -5.84 -10.59 Jeita-3 146 676 -5.71 -11.10 Jeita-3 148 679 -5.43 -10.88 Jeita-3 150 682 -5.61 -10.79 Jeita-3 152 685 -5.79 -11.05 Jeita-3 154 688 -5.49 -10.65 Jeita-3 156 690 -5.52 -11.05 Jeita-3 158 693 -5.09 -11.06 Jeita-3 160 696 -5.40 -10.94 Jeita-3 162 699 -5.03 -10.94 Jeita-3 164 702 -5.26 -11.06 Jeita-3 165 703 Jeita-3 166 710 -5.71 -10.64 Jeita-3 167 717 -5.68 -10.90 Jeita-3 168 724 -5.54 -10.99 Jeita-3 170 737 -5.51 -10.62 Jeita-3 171 744 -5.44 -11.02 Jeita-3 172 751 -5.56 -10.53 Jeita-3 173 758 -5.53 -11.13 Jeita-3 174 765 -5.45 -10.92 Jeita-3 176 779 -5.53 -11.06 Jeita-3 177 785 -5.38 -11.16 Jeita-3 178 792 -5.37 -10.97 Jeita-3 179 799 -5.16 -10.68 Jeita-3 180 806 -5.39 -10.80 Jeita-3 181 813 -5.12 -11.07 Jeita-3 182 820 -5.17 -11.02 Jeita-3 183 827 -5.29 -11.05 Jeita-3 184 833 -5.29 -11.12 Jeita-3 185 840 -5.34 -11.07 Jeita-3 186 847 -5.07 -11.05