# Speleothem Stable Isotope Data of the last 200,000 Years from the Black Sea Region #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/39063 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-39063.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/b84y-cm81 # # Science_Keywords: Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, Glacial, Interglacial, Heinrich Events, abrupt climate change, centennial resolution #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/turkey/held2024/held2024-so-13.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; So-13 d13C, d18O Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2024-02-22 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-02-05 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Speleothem Stable Isotope Data of the last 200,000 Years from the Black Sea Region #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Held, Frederick (https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5101-9987) #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Held, F., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Tüysüz, O., Koç, K., Fleitmann, D. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2024 # Published_Title: Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles of the penultimate and last glacial period recorded in stalagmites from Türkiye # Journal_Name: Nature Communications # Volume: 15 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 1183 # DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45507-5 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The last glacial period is characterized by abrupt climate oscillations, also known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles. However, D-O cycles remain poorly documented in climate proxy records covering the penultimate glacial period. Here we present highly resolved and precisely dated speleothem time series from Sofular Cave in northern Türkiye to provide clear evidence for D-O cycles during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 as well as MIS 2-4. D-O cycles are most clearly expressed in the Sofular carbon isotope time series, which correlate inversely with regional sea surface temperature (SST) records from the Black Sea. The pacing of D-O cycles is almost twice as long during MIS 6 compared to MIS 2-4, and could be related to a weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and a different mean climate during MIS 6 compared to MIS 2-4, leading most likely to a higher threshold for the occurrence of D-O cycles. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant: PP002-110554/1 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: NSF 2202913 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: NSFC 41888101 and NSFC 42150710534 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Istanbul Technical University # Grant: ITU-BAP-332491 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation # Grant: CP41 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Sofular Cave # Location: Turkey # Northernmost_Latitude: 41.427778 # Southernmost_Latitude: 41.427778 # Easternmost_Longitude: 31.950139 # Westernmost_Longitude: 31.950139 # Elevation_m: 410 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: So-13 d13C, d18O Held2024 # First_Year: 81060 # Last_Year: 70560 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, age control, geochemistry # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: U-series dating (230Th) was performed on a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune) at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota and Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University. Further 230Th dating on stalagmites So-1 and So-2 was done on a Nu Instruments® MC-ICP-MS at the Geological Institute, University of Bern. # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: # 234U_Decay_Constant: # 230Th_Decay_Constant: # Initial_230Th/232Th: # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s age_uncorr_kaBM age_uncorr_2s_ka age_corr_kaBP1950 age_corr_2s_ka notes date_type # So13-1 5 73.72062706364 6.34023633823036E-02 276.833652019191 5.60127959917101 7389.21724106373 149.74626115418 2309.96193718882 3.81473406495911 1.68291672997661 2.40395403151819E-03 70.6528532767836 0.170365331186138 70.564157070381 0.17151017855481 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" MC-ICP-MS # So13-2 120 69.6793251435415 6.37332133691143E-02 80.4320169004119 1.76044742368537 20732.3067510226 468.468168077183 1830.96573229364 2.87258324835429 1.45146638000713 8.25668078051961E-03 71.8589725967651 0.545696704383603 71.7885276223921 0.545706234369017 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" MC-ICP-MS # So13-3 130 64.6213095052275 8.56679491964366E-02 58.5758480819609 1.38521553106642 27460.5168512408 653.527593625884 1937.36398017053 4.56938528362552 1.50968336407534 4.50383409132971E-03 71.9788178603268 0.319794653254161 71.9109136812538 0.319836088574301 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" MC-ICP-MS # So13-4 285 52.0878355478546 4.70367503882465E-02 133.717402504609 2.79555923972918 11147.5444270648 233.471257709136 2324.18790024432 3.55692755142206 1.73566203455183 2.67431260222483E-03 73.126063955611 0.183039694624051 73.0466103426054 0.183529928042996 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" MC-ICP-MS # Hiatus 291.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Hiatus # So13-5 297 44.3797757099143 7.46582596619436E-02 40.8398015653542 1.0704230432937 46026.5271940125 1207.68135523347 3751.69832746545 7.8907738714643 2.56886368522749 5.34074607086504E-03 75.7161632599701 0.26642100838023 75.6513299457391 0.266488365403363 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" MC-ICP-MS # So13-6 492 40.8130929185104 6.19337691063942E-02 59.3800259193032 1.3651108163346 27695.9573817411 637.647644552455 3511.23281108615 6.13987135894004 2.44394590377654 4.79667500160408E-03 76.0287592149334 0.240482776239316 75.9607570772446 0.240582825233753 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" MC-ICP-MS # So13-7 641 44.6736969890115 4.26574107499328E-02 77.6712765221502 1.68266628595708 22496.9553832768 488.047141247804 3191.05728131198 4.30107573893001 2.37228371297783 3.52694010657213E-03 80.7643507808688 0.197223442650297 80.6941495163885 0.197358179244754 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" MC-ICP-MS #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N, ## age_kaBP age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,speleothems,,Monte Carlo simulation,N,StalAge Model by Scholz and Hoffmann (2011) ## d13C delta 13C,calcite,,per mil PDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,calcite,,per mil PDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA depth_mm age_kaBP d13C d18O 1 70.56222 -6.9306 -9.4872 2 70.57186 -7.5892 -9.5526 3 70.58127 -7.187 -9.4674 4 70.59016 -7.578 -9.4474 5 70.59892 -7.3908 -9.4576 6 70.60801 -7.7416 -9.5358 7 70.61745 -7.8718 -9.5548 8 70.62708 -8.122 -9.6326 9 70.63654 -7.4714 -9.5532 10 70.6456 -7.7796 -9.5996 11 70.65476 -8.1906 -9.636 12 70.6645 -7.9756 -9.495 13 70.67428 -7.984 -9.521 14 70.68359 -7.9806 -9.5976 15 70.69285 -8.1198 -9.5776 16 70.70251 -8.2408 -9.5132 17 70.71227 -8.0518 -9.4348 18 70.72174 -8.146 -9.4922 19 70.73118 -8.3622 -9.4792 20 70.74086 -8.7866 -9.6754 21 70.75054 -8.94 -9.6942 22 70.76 -8.7744 -9.564 23 70.76963 -8.9662 -9.6252 24 70.77977 -8.743 -9.6116 25 70.78998 -8.6128 -9.572 26 70.79983 -8.1868 -9.4086 27 70.80968 -8.459 -9.5636 28 70.81989 -8.7212 -9.5618 29 70.83008 -8.7486 -9.5162 30 70.83996 -9.109 -9.652 31 70.85043 -8.219 -9.5078 32 70.86215 -8.99 -9.6206 33 70.87366 -9.3098 -9.5644 34 70.88359 -9.0996 -9.5408 35 70.89297 -9.0776 -9.4364 36 70.90312 -9.0928 -9.4582 37 70.9141 -9.2368 -9.4906 38 70.92547 -9.4174 -9.5558 39 70.93612 -9.4278 -9.541 40 70.9453 -9.4646 -9.5244 41 70.95431 -9.4818 -9.5736 42 70.9644 -8.7756 -9.5268 43 70.97474 -8.704 -9.6738 44 70.98444 -8.1464 -9.474 45 70.9944 -8.9396 -9.494 46 71.00554 -9.3598 -9.673 47 71.01676 -8.9888 -9.7106 48 71.02689 -8.4696 -9.4496 49 71.03647 -8.9522 -9.4696 50 71.04625 -9.067 -9.526 51 71.0562 -8.1032 -9.6274 52 71.06616 -8.3056 -9.6656 53 71.07625 -8.0272 -9.6562 54 71.08659 -7.9494 -9.3202 55 71.09704 -8.9688 -9.647 56 71.10744 -8.0958 -9.6596 57 71.11792 -8.3884 -9.7572 58 71.12853 -8.704 -9.7662 59 71.13891 -8.4632 -9.7038 60 71.14881 -9.0072 -9.668 61 71.15889 -8.8846 -9.6094 62 71.16972 -9.0918 -9.7222 63 71.18065 -9.0368 -9.7098 64 71.19093 -8.822 -9.698 65 71.20088 -8.6484 -9.6884 66 71.21091 -8.793 -9.7114 67 71.22099 -8.199 -9.5038 68 71.23103 -8.5534 -9.6432 69 71.24111 -8.1928 -9.6166 70 71.25124 -8.5284 -9.8578 71 71.26091 -8.9948 -9.4646 72 71.26988 -8.6764 -9.5928 73 71.27948 -8.969 -9.6436 74 71.29082 -8.861 -9.4752 75 71.30246 -8.6712 -9.7066 76 71.31284 -9.0336 -9.7516 77 71.32233 -9.0356 -9.5942 78 71.33169 -8.7754 -9.5418 79 71.34133 -8.958 -9.645 80 71.35145 -8.4312 -9.8892 81 71.36161 -8.8038 -9.7114 82 71.37132 -9.3538 -9.6452 83 71.38042 -9.0494 -9.5528 84 71.38905 -8.6144 -9.585 85 71.39831 -8.2882 -9.6202 86 71.40906 -8.07 -9.6594 87 71.42018 -8.6168 -9.6424 88 71.43045 -8.8048 -9.5398 89 71.4404 -8.649 -9.6922 90 71.45068 -8.563 -9.6458 91 71.46079 -9.1728 -9.7448 92 71.47023 -10.1296 -9.6554 93 71.47961 -9.317 -9.6898 94 71.48961 -9.2072 -9.6598 95 71.50006 -9.1708 -9.7734 96 71.51059 -9.0912 -9.7888 97 71.5209 -9.5202 -9.779 98 71.53076 -9.265 -9.8344 99 71.54023 -9.168 -9.7978 100 71.54948 -9.2286 -9.9688 101 71.5589 -8.9762 -9.9658 102 71.5687 -8.3966 -9.6658 103 71.5782 -8.4672 -9.7992 104 71.58686 -7.8702 -9.7428 105 71.59555 -7.7906 -9.6488 106 71.60516 -8.608 -9.7318 107 71.61517 -9.3888 -9.6778 108 71.6249 -9.71 -9.748 109 71.63437 -9.0008 -9.8029 110 71.64379 -9.443 -9.6997 111 71.65344 -10.1002 -9.6411 112 71.66346 -9.4416 -9.8081 113 71.67352 -9.7296 -9.7885 114 71.68322 -10.269 -9.7463 115 71.69244 -10.5356 -9.8259 116 71.70116 -10.2658 -9.9403 117 71.70965 -10.1506 -10.1365 118 71.71816 -9.707 -10.1797 119 71.72693 -10.0844 -10.1509 120 71.73598 -10.3322 -9.9577 121 71.74479 -10.7934 -10.1045 122 71.75301 -10.077 -10.2733 123 71.76151 -9.5152 -10.3429 124 71.77114 -9.9262 -10.2877 125 71.78125 -9.4882 -10.3959 126 71.791 -9.7632 -10.3021 127 71.80036 -9.664 -10.1789 128 71.80944 -10.0638 -10.0975 129 71.81818 -10.3086 -9.9301 130 71.82657 -9.8478 -10.0375 131 71.83509 -9.958 -10.1465 132 71.84378 -9.6726 -10.0441 133 71.84895 -9.9882 -10.1771 134 71.85029 -9.5158 -10.1139 135 71.85094 -8.6968 -10.2595 136 71.85159 -8.2668 -10.3269 137 71.85224 -8.0058 -10.2927 138 71.85289 -8.2604 -10.4905 139 71.8613 -8.1138 -10.4059 140 71.86996 -7.8478 -10.2453 141 71.87829 -8.6292 -10.2907 142 71.88675 -8.6948 -10.3131 143 71.89529 -8.6356 -10.6545 144 71.90383 -9.17 -10.4647 145 71.91251 -9.0018 -10.0927 146 71.92141 -8.9754 -9.9155 147 71.93022 -9.4286 -10.1645 148 71.93868 -8.4928 -10.4271 149 71.94694 -7.8604 -10.3459 150 71.95524 -7.388 -10.1937 151 71.96358 -8.3842 -10.4263 152 71.97196 -8.683 -10.3257 153 71.98041 -8.6558 -10.3567 154 71.98902 -7.8918 -10.1033 155 71.9978 -7.7946 -10.2133 156 72.00675 -8.152 -10.3417 157 72.01578 -8.0616 -10.2979 158 72.02475 -7.8394 -10.2535 159 72.03347 -7.7476 -10.3133 160 72.04185 -7.6286 -10.1761 161 72.05025 -7.6032 -10.2133 162 72.05901 -7.7704 -10.1481 163 72.06788 -7.3832 -10.168 164 72.07651 -7.3614 -10.2796 165 72.08476 -7.4786 -10.2662 166 72.09268 -6.9778 -10.1958 167 72.10079 -6.8248 -10.3874 168 72.10953 -7.272 -10.2562 169 72.11857 -7.3376 -10.2344 170 72.12744 -7.2808 -10.1984 171 72.13599 -6.9752 -10.168 172 72.14423 -7.1212 -10.2692 173 72.15253 -7.7386 -10.3842 174 72.16125 -8.3804 -10.651 175 72.17017 -7.2606 -10.1058 176 72.179 -6.5194 -9.989 177 72.1878 -6.791 -9.8288 178 72.1966 -6.9236 -9.8912 179 72.20514 -6.9544 -9.7714 180 72.21316 -7.2198 -9.751 181 72.22096 -7.114 -9.7122 182 72.22893 -7.1732 -9.6576 183 72.23734 -7.257 -9.641 184 72.24627 -7.2622 -9.6798 185 72.2552 -7.1734 -9.6372 186 72.26366 -7.1792 -9.4994 187 72.27202 -6.9686 -9.8224 188 72.2807 -7.5646 -9.9822 189 72.28942 -7.9436 -10.0948 190 72.29788 -7.9154 -10.1816 191 72.30613 -8.1632 -10.0106 192 72.31435 -8.4658 -10.1298 193 72.32262 -8.3224 -10.1702 194 72.33098 -8.6584 -10.3284 195 72.33922 -9.047 -10.3124 196 72.34723 -7.8738 -9.8528 197 72.35535 -8.0034 -9.8694 198 72.36387 -7.9746 -9.7426 199 72.37252 -7.8394 -9.7186 200 72.38102 -7.8178 -9.8088 201 72.38964 -7.5376 -9.7678 202 72.39861 -7.7164 -9.8406 203 72.40722 -7.8504 -9.8652 204 72.41486 -8.1812 -10.0078 205 72.42236 -8.0996 -9.8238 206 72.43057 -7.8546 -9.8056 207 72.43922 -7.8128 -9.792 208 72.44783 -8.0444 -9.826 209 72.45635 -7.6534 -10.0302 210 72.46478 -8.248 -9.851 211 72.47309 -8.028 -9.8822 212 72.48128 -7.7556 -9.8534 213 72.48954 -7.6836 -9.891 214 72.49803 -7.6486 -9.8402 215 72.50656 -7.9084 -10.0102 216 72.51495 -7.6552 -9.8758 217 72.52333 -7.839 -10.0083 218 72.53185 -8.2238 -10.2881 219 72.54039 -7.539 -10.0857 220 72.54883 -7.417 -10.1213 221 72.55713 -7.3856 -9.9169 222 72.56527 -7.2842 -9.8227 223 72.57322 -7.3822 -9.9051 224 72.58101 -7.3788 -9.7789 225 72.5889 -7.3846 -9.6781 226 72.59715 -7.4386 -9.8683 227 72.60557 -7.5548 -9.6705 228 72.61386 -7.7692 -9.6747 229 72.62185 -7.4336 -9.5853 230 72.62952 -7.8076 -9.7775 231 72.63737 -7.2644 -9.6753 232 72.64581 -7.498 -9.8577 233 72.65444 -7.15 -9.7329 234 72.66281 -6.8554 -9.9443 235 72.67104 -7.3432 -9.9799 236 72.67929 -7.3226 -9.9563 237 72.68745 -7.0376 -9.9035 238 72.6954 -6.8474 -9.7719 239 72.70334 -6.9574 -9.7185 240 72.7115 -6.8682 -9.7309 241 72.71965 -6.9368 -9.9599 242 72.7276 -7.1702 -10.1023 243 72.73584 -7.0926 -9.9387 244 72.74473 -7.4378 -10.0387 245 72.75367 -7.419 -9.9557 246 72.76201 -7.4528 -9.9607 247 72.77006 -7.6546 -10.2247 248 72.77821 -7.6936 -10.0301 249 72.78625 -7.7864 -10.3537 250 72.79394 -7.6212 -10.0179 251 72.80171 -8.1174 -10.2129 252 72.80993 -8.0638 -10.2253 253 72.81826 -7.5568 -9.9971 254 72.82628 -7.2418 -9.9119 255 72.83414 -7.1964 -10.0277 256 72.84205 -7.412 -9.8975 257 72.85007 -7.3134 -9.8795 258 72.85816 -7.3736 -9.6785 259 72.86621 -7.245 -9.5563 260 72.87411 -6.799 -9.5125 261 72.88186 -6.882 -9.5531 262 72.8895 -7.4054 -9.7715 263 72.89713 -7.3238 -9.8911 264 72.90484 -7.0862 -9.9985 265 72.9126 -7.3876 -10.3733 266 72.92045 -7.464 -10.1743 267 72.92861 -7.4426 -9.9823 268 72.93722 -8.3922 -10.1917 269 72.94573 -7.6546 -10.2861 270 72.95366 -8.555 -10.3657 271 72.96151 -8.7638 -10.3744 272 72.96982 -7.738 -10.0684 273 72.97833 -7.2962 -9.6696 274 72.98667 -6.9074 -9.5946 275 72.99492 -7.3318 -9.4858 276 73.00322 -7.4724 -9.5314 277 73.01144 -7.7142 -9.642 278 73.01948 -7.9508 -9.791 279 73.02765 -7.8844 -9.8272 280 73.03621 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