# Speleothem Stable Isotope Data of the last 200,000 Years from the Black Sea Region #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/39063 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-39063.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/b84y-cm81 # # Science_Keywords: Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, Glacial, Interglacial, Heinrich Events, abrupt climate change, centennial resolution #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/turkey/held2024/held2024-so-57.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; So-57 d13C, d18O Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2024-02-22 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-02-05 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Speleothem Stable Isotope Data of the last 200,000 Years from the Black Sea Region #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Held, Frederick (https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5101-9987) #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Held, F., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Tüysüz, O., Koç, K., Fleitmann, D. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2024 # Published_Title: Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles of the penultimate and last glacial period recorded in stalagmites from Türkiye # Journal_Name: Nature Communications # Volume: 15 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 1183 # DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45507-5 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The last glacial period is characterized by abrupt climate oscillations, also known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles. However, D-O cycles remain poorly documented in climate proxy records covering the penultimate glacial period. Here we present highly resolved and precisely dated speleothem time series from Sofular Cave in northern Türkiye to provide clear evidence for D-O cycles during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 as well as MIS 2-4. D-O cycles are most clearly expressed in the Sofular carbon isotope time series, which correlate inversely with regional sea surface temperature (SST) records from the Black Sea. The pacing of D-O cycles is almost twice as long during MIS 6 compared to MIS 2-4, and could be related to a weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and a different mean climate during MIS 6 compared to MIS 2-4, leading most likely to a higher threshold for the occurrence of D-O cycles. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Swiss National Science Foundation # Grant: PP002-110554/1 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: NSF 2202913 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: NSFC 41888101 and NSFC 42150710534 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Istanbul Technical University # Grant: ITU-BAP-332491 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation # Grant: CP41 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Sofular Cave # Location: Turkey # Northernmost_Latitude: 41.427778 # Southernmost_Latitude: 41.427778 # Easternmost_Longitude: 31.950139 # Westernmost_Longitude: 31.950139 # Elevation_m: 410 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: So-57 d13C, d18O Held2024 # First_Year: 192670 # Last_Year: 170990 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, age control, geochemistry # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: U-series dating (230Th) was performed on a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune) at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota and Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University. Further 230Th dating on stalagmites So-1 and So-2 was done on a Nu Instruments® MC-ICP-MS at the Geological Institute, University of Bern. # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: # 234U_Decay_Constant: # 230Th_Decay_Constant: # Initial_230Th/232Th: # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr notes # So57-1 59 826.943407583546 1.21411995870756 249.835372525699 5.31986757344572 114700.42755461 2444.92450170802 1357.53874249803 2.48686592922914 2.10173282060607 3.7024034538333E-03 172876.33486455 730.751291452053 172800.282392294 730.762278731393 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" # So57-2 260.5 1001.21121820566 1.49075259486914 152.715951664725 3.40475372001624 237912.175346941 5307.93843011285 1451.37012218898 2.39649811581698 2.2009475608184 3.76227939858898E-03 174292.26684179 706.241368724499 174217.633366514 706.253490995191 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" # So57-3 377.5 537.117369259447 0.657119423016661 175.561383348932 3.92443458385523 111646.363923949 2498.08269076073 1445.58771801254 2.55616043393018 2.21329199164697 3.46452077129316E-03 177197.08897326 698.634050401111 177120.950610483 698.652077934833 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" # So57-4 485 748.545941969192 0.808635888493971 644.378679891291 13.0512099991833 42486.9868196131 861.258771697725 1431.6675024486 1.91509580601401 2.21826264576616 3.02756974897529E-03 180287.953083106 600.955318751518 180207.206573444 600.96026074409 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" # So57-5 602 745.845502675164 0.929040299008951 559.410132925498 11.3634996001874 48849.9104308904 993.190946472727 1417.96867348182 2.48086205376084 2.22218164823003 3.36110866490666E-03 183272.530443407 722.282074119046 183192.721942669 722.279162533575 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" # So57-6 711 817.388820728651 0.869533535205009 1139.33821465057 22.9832020000561 26007.001391969 525.11555700049 1374.86905220112 1.98148263460346 2.1986119449066 3.02603840217631E-03 186722.315780017 657.280349643318 186636.768893721 657.293937035918 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" # So57-7 845.5 619.279832533044 1.18559818350441 919.448903561656 18.4998071309556 23378.5975878094 471.327131135314 1250.84680063862 2.88758545561832 2.10520042659026 4.83725265596672E-03 192861.800566993 1147.37394103693 192775.722983169 1147.28487289426 "Thermo-Finnigan-Neptune (Minnesota; Xi'an)" #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N, ## age_kaBP age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,speleothems,,Monte Carlo simulation,N,StalAge Model by Scholz and Hoffmann (2011) ## d13C delta 13C,calcite,,per mil PDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,calcite,,per mil PDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NA depth_mm age_kaBP d13C d18O 0 170.9862 -6.51725 -12.827 1 171.0024 -6.57175 -12.985 2 171.0168 -6.54125 -13.1863 3 171.0315 -7.99125 -13.2275 4 171.0466 -8.125 -12.6995 5 171.0619 -5.72325 -13.8708 6 171.0769 -5.5592 -14.0826 7 171.0916 -4.7822 -14.1742 8 171.1097 -5.1636 -14.029 9 171.1332 -5.1378 -14.1106 10 171.1538 -4.7905 -14.0448 11 171.1643 -5.0325 -13.925 12 171.1724 -4.752 -14.0118 13 171.1865 -4.851 -13.945 14 171.2028 -4.47175 -14.0083 15 171.2161 -5.018 -14.0708 16 171.2282 -4.92875 -14.2783 17 171.2419 -4.89425 -14.2818 18 171.2584 -4.744 -14.1718 19 171.2777 -5.24 -14.136 20 171.2967 -4.81 -14.1358 21 171.3127 -5.506 -14.2038 22 171.3273 -5.0945 -14.2645 23 171.3426 -4.80575 -14.3185 24 171.3584 -5.06775 -14.39 25 171.3743 -4.62675 -14.5325 26 171.39 -4.9325 -14.5168 27 171.4054 -5.108 -14.401 28 171.4206 -5.0855 -14.4915 29 171.436 -4.66025 -14.5818 30 171.4515 -4.92375 -14.616 31 171.4674 -4.7185 -14.5375 32 171.4831 -4.904 -14.5865 33 171.4986 -5.18125 -14.57 34 171.5136 -4.93825 -14.4233 35 171.5284 -5.152 -14.437 36 171.5423 -5.07725 -14.4468 37 171.555 -4.75375 -14.7438 38 171.5677 -4.78725 -14.6328 39 171.5815 -5.0975 -14.6708 40 171.5961 -4.972 -14.6375 41 171.6105 -4.9885 -14.7148 42 171.6246 -5.0305 -14.7173 43 171.6382 -4.9965 -14.4903 44 171.652 -4.99275 -14.5518 45 171.6667 -5.175 -14.5083 46 171.6815 -5.6575 -14.6318 47 171.6958 -5.70625 -14.7375 48 171.7099 -5.48525 -14.5688 49 171.7242 -5.1605 -14.5728 50 171.7384 -5.17175 -14.6725 51 171.7501 -5.2465 -14.8698 52 171.7569 -5.1675 -14.7113 53 171.7638 -5.2855 -14.6815 54 171.7709 -5.39925 -14.8248 55 171.7784 -5.29925 -14.9255 56 171.7859 -5.672 -14.925 57 171.7931 -6.20925 -14.746 58 171.8001 -6.43025 -14.5915 59 171.8072 -7.216 -14.5915 60 171.8144 -7.8215 -14.3743 61 171.8215 -8.319 -14.188 62 171.8286 -7.46775 -14.4173 63 171.8357 -7.59225 -14.4783 64 171.8428 -7.2665 -14.631 65 171.8499 -6.832 -14.657 66 171.857 -6.51625 -14.854 67 171.8645 -6.019 -14.9075 68 171.8722 -6.227 -15.1178 69 171.8798 -5.98875 -15.3063 70 171.8873 -6.57925 -15.447 71 171.8947 -5.854 -15.5063 72 171.9021 -5.525 -15.5032 73 171.9098 -5.4094 -15.6888 74 171.9174 -5.7008 -15.7264 75 171.9246 -5.953 -15.8154 76 171.9318 -5.9765 -15.8293 77 171.9394 -6.2245 -15.8035 78 171.9463 -5.42025 -15.9615 79 171.9518 -5.46625 -16.0628 80 171.9572 -5.31225 -16.1045 81 171.9639 -5.72575 -16.1208 82 171.9716 -5.807 -16.2485 83 171.9799 -5.89725 -16.1158 84 171.9874 -5.83425 -16.3193 85 171.9933 -5.98225 -16.3868 86 171.9993 -6.129 -16.342 87 172.0067 -5.76025 -16.369 88 172.0146 -5.725 -16.3943 89 172.0214 -5.567 -16.3938 90 172.0273 -6.0285 -16.3498 91 172.0329 -5.54525 -16.5193 92 172.0392 -5.85075 -16.5683 93 172.0468 -5.81625 -16.613 94 172.0547 -5.7855 -16.4738 95 172.0615 -5.405 -16.4468 96 172.0674 -5.47825 -16.3253 97 172.0729 -5.35875 -16.146 98 172.079 -5.39275 -16.2433 99 172.086 -5.7655 -16.408 100 172.0918 -5.61375 -16.469 101 172.0948 -6.0805 -16.4735 102 172.0974 -5.77225 -16.4935 103 172.1023 -5.278 -16.512 104 172.1082 -5.69425 -16.348 105 172.1135 -5.88825 -16.4015 106 172.1186 -6.17975 -16.3798 107 172.1241 -5.34125 -16.3175 108 172.1299 -5.6505 -16.3205 109 172.1356 -5.233 -16.3418 110 172.1398 -5.637 -16.3898 111 172.1414 -5.77125 -16.3248 112 172.1418 -6.62775 -16.37 113 172.1422 -6.54175 -16.3135 114 172.1427 -6.75525 -16.4578 115 172.1489 -6.39675 -16.278 116 172.1539 -6.314 -16.311 117 172.1539 -6.53775 -16.2318 118 172.154 -7.01375 -16.2385 119 172.154 -7.2155 -16.3075 120 172.1541 -7.6765 -16.0075 121 172.1541 -7.97825 -16.2223 122 172.1542 -7.846 -15.9938 123 172.1542 -7.74025 -15.955 124 172.1542 -8.05725 -15.9348 125 172.1543 -7.62075 -15.8715 126 172.1543 -7.848 -15.967 127 172.1544 -7.72375 -16.0118 128 172.1544 -7.696 -16.1178 129 172.1545 -7.8205 -16.063 130 172.1545 -6.94375 -15.755 131 172.1545 -8.45725 -16.0545 132 172.1546 -8.636 -16.1033 133 172.1546 -8.57525 -15.978 134 172.1547 -8.63175 -15.9705 135 172.1547 -8.45325 -15.8828 136 172.1547 -8.7505 -16.0998 137 172.1548 -8.896 -16.254 138 172.1548 -8.50725 -16.3798 139 172.1549 -8.47825 -16.325 140 172.1549 -8.36525 -16.2643 141 172.155 -8.515 -16.2315 142 172.155 -8.171 -16.175 143 172.155 -8.20325 -16.3125 144 172.1551 -8.15275 -16.5898 145 172.1551 -7.9905 -16.5828 146 172.1552 -7.76075 -16.4618 147 172.1552 -7.5065 -16.2325 148 172.1553 -7.34525 -16.13 149 172.1553 -7.88125 -16.6673 150 172.1553 -7.7205 -16.6003 151 172.1554 -7.84 -16.5403 152 172.1554 -7.7475 -16.6048 153 172.1555 -7.73825 -16.578 154 172.1555 -7.86675 -16.6775 155 172.1556 -7.52275 -16.6528 156 172.1612 -7.657 -16.692 157 172.1669 -7.6985 -16.488 158 172.1715 -7.70625 -16.5838 159 172.1747 -7.34725 -16.208 160 172.1779 -7.18175 -16.0978 161 172.1823 -7.524 -16.5023 162 172.1876 -7.40725 -16.439 163 172.1936 -7.6886 -16.404 164 172.2012 -7.742 -16.3722 165 172.2109 -7.646 -16.3412 166 172.2203 -7.965 -16.3612 167 172.227 -8.27925 -16.9425 168 172.2343 -8.05925 -16.9388 169 172.2449 -8.093 -16.7593 170 172.257 -7.853 -16.332 171 172.2679 -8.254 -16.5778 172 172.278 -8.43025 -16.5415 173 172.2882 -8.60375 -16.2298 174 172.2986 -8.8495 -16.1428 175 172.3094 -8.78625 -15.9283 176 172.3206 -8.92475 -15.7158 177 172.3323 -8.79225 -15.6185 178 172.3447 -8.94775 -15.8955 179 172.3575 -8.55025 -16.0378 180 172.3695 -8.31475 -16.295 181 172.3802 -8.444 -16.1755 182 172.3912 -7.97475 -16.3545 183 172.404 -7.715 -16.3753 184 172.4168 -7.57825 -16.669 185 172.428 -7.3775 -16.8885 186 172.4387 -7.08475 -16.8888 187 172.4504 -6.77275 -17.0075 188 172.4623 -6.441 -16.9903 189 172.4735 -6.83425 -16.8828 190 172.4841 -6.34075 -16.9338 191 172.4948 -6.497 -16.946 192 172.506 -6.225 -16.8138 193 172.5179 -6.41175 -16.8438 194 172.53 -6.684 -16.9578 195 172.5417 -6.44175 -16.8785 196 172.5538 -6.53775 -16.9033 197 172.5741 -6.37625 -16.9755 198 172.6003 -6.30475 -16.9053 199 172.6245 -6.84725 -17.0193 200 172.6488 -6.85325 -16.9058 201 172.6753 -6.667 -17.073 202 172.7023 -6.55 -16.986 203 172.728 -6.65325 -16.991 204 172.754 -6.616 -16.7763 205 172.782 -6.88875 -16.9165 206 172.8094 -7.804 -17.1133 207 172.8338 -6.81325 -16.9808 208 172.857 -6.85975 -16.9815 209 172.8817 -7.1425 -16.9825 210 172.9076 -7.50575 -17.0313 211 172.9342 -7.26125 -16.9788 212 172.9612 -7.0475 -16.8845 213 172.9886 -6.805 -17.0045 214 173.0159 -6.65975 -16.8848 215 173.043 -6.87625 -16.9253 216 173.0693 -7.12425 -16.7705 217 173.0949 -7.33425 -16.8985 218 173.12 -7.1515 -17.0483 219 173.145 -7.391 -17.195 220 173.1703 -7.006 -17.1655 221 173.196 -7.47325 -17.193 222 173.2217 -7.163 -17.1168 223 173.247 -6.984 -17.2725 224 173.2717 -6.879 -17.1805 225 173.2962 -6.90275 -17.003 226 173.3212 -7.16125 -17.0478 227 173.3473 -7.071 -17.2303 228 173.3737 -7.159 -17.2258 229 173.3994 -7.0304 -17.1966 230 173.4247 -6.9986 -17.122 231 173.4503 -6.9942 -16.9754 232 173.4762 -7.0122 -16.8918 233 173.5025 -6.88175 -17.0083 234 173.5286 -7.0285 -16.9788 235 173.5541 -7.572 -17.1218 236 173.5802 -7.1145 -17.2035 237 173.6081 -7.072 -16.9883 238 173.6362 -7.0205 -17.0518 239 173.6627 -7.15525 -17.0603 240 173.6883 -7.085 -17.0148 241 173.7143 -6.96125 -16.8368 242 173.7406 -6.8665 -16.9115 243 173.7674 -6.855 -16.9015 244 173.7943 -6.855 -17.1273 245 173.8208 -7.04675 -17.2325 246 173.8475 -6.85025 -17.3133 247 173.8744 -6.715 -17.0913 248 173.9008 -6.71825 -16.9978 249 173.9262 -6.91525 -17.1338 250 173.9515 -6.8525 -16.8853 251 173.978 -6.64 -16.9105 252 174.0048 -6.67075 -16.952 253 174.0309 -6.73075 -17.251 254 174.0567 -6.67925 -17.4375 255 174.0832 -6.725 -17.2 256 174.1099 -6.40425 -17.1113 257 174.1365 -6.35425 -17.1478 258 174.1632 -6.30275 -17.1628 259 174.1903 -6.12525 -17.0968 260 174.2174 -6.18925 -17.0023 261 174.244 -6.0105 -16.7408 262 174.2705 -6.266 -17.1703 263 174.297 -6.556 -17.3115 264 174.3231 -6.56525 -17.6375 265 174.3487 -6.46025 -17.4623 266 174.3744 -6.5665 -17.452 267 174.4009 -6.52525 -17.3305 268 174.4275 -6.33125 -17.144 269 174.4534 -6.58425 -16.9735 270 174.4794 -6.595 -16.8875 271 174.506 -6.33775 -16.8665 272 174.5326 -6.27 -17.0028 273 174.5582 -6.1205 -17.159 274 174.5833 -6.30425 -17.2663 275 174.6084 -6.2855 -17.3778 276 174.6334 -6.138 -17.3713 277 174.6583 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