# Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20530 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20530.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/htg9-m613 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-10-2016d18o-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite KNI-51-10 d18O Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-09-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-20 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); Ummenhofer, C.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-3967); Wanamaker, A.D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6420); Lachniet, M.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Villarini, G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-2370); Asmerom, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1294); Polyak, V.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-1066); Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-875X); Woods, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-2218); Humphreys, W.F. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Note: d18O values for stalagmite KNI-51-10 have been decreased by 1 per mil. Provided Keywords: stalagmite, oxygen isotope, Australia, monsoon, tropical rain belt. # # Data file updated 7/26/2017. In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2. Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). In the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected. # # Additional assigned age corrections were made to this file 7-February-2018. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Published_Title: A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: 78 # Pages: 155-168 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Oxygen isotopic data from a suite of calcite and aragonite stalagmites from cave KNI-51, located in the eastern Kimberley region of tropical Western Australia, represent the first absolute-dated, high-resolution speleothem record of the Holocene Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon (IASM) from the Australian tropics. Stalagmite oxygen isotopic values track monsoon intensity via amount effects in precipitation and reveal a dynamic Holocene IASM which strengthened in the early Holocene, decreased in strength by 4 ka, with a further decrease from 2 to 1 ka, before strengthening again at 1 ka to years to levels similar to those between 4 and 2 ka. The relationships between the KNI-51 IASM reconstruction and those from published speleothem time series from Flores and Borneo, in combination with other data sets, appear largely inconsistent with changes in the position and/or organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Instead, we argue that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have played a dominant role in driving IASM variability since at least the middle Holocene. Given the muted modern monsoon rainfall responses to most El Nino events in the Kimberley, an impact of ENSO on regional monsoon precipitation over northwestern Australia would suggest non-stationarity in the long-term relationship between ENSO forcing and IASM rainfall, possibly due to changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific over the Holocene. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Published_Title: Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 6 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/srep34485 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The seasonal north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) defines the tropical rain belt (TRB), a region of enormous terrestrial and marine biodiversity and home to 40% of people on Earth. The TRB is dynamic and has been shown to shift south as a coherent system during periods of Northern Hemisphere cooling. However, recent studies of Indo-Pacific hydroclimate suggest that during the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1400-1850), the TRB in this region contracted rather than being displaced uniformly southward. This behaviour is not well understood, particularly during climatic fluctuations less pronounced than those of the LIA, the largest centennial-scale cool period of the last millennium. Here we show that the Indo-Pacific TRB expanded and contracted numerous times over multi-decadal to centennial scales during the last 3,000 yr. By integrating precisely-dated stalagmite records of tropical hydroclimate from southern China with a newly enhanced stalagmite time series from northern Australia, our study reveals a previously unidentified coherence between the austral and boreal summer monsoon. State-of-the-art climate model simulations of the last millennium suggest these are linked to changes in the structure of the regional manifestation of the atmosphere's meridional circulation. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Published_Title: Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 112 # Pages: 4576-4581 # Issue: 15 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422270112 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Assessing temporal variability in extreme rainfall events before the historical era is complicated by the sparsity of long-term "direct" storm proxies. Here we present a 2,200-y-long, accurate, and precisely dated record of cave flooding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analysis of meteorological data and sediment layers within stalagmites, as representing a proxy for extreme rainfall events derived primarily from tropical cyclones (TCs) and secondarily from the regional summer monsoon. This time series reveals substantial multicentennial variability in extreme rainfall, with elevated occurrence rates characterizing the twentieth century, 850-1450 CE (Common Era), and 50-400 CE; reduced activity marks 1450-1650 CE and 500-850 CE. These trends are similar to reconstructed numbers of TCs in the North Atlantic and Caribbean basins, and they form temporal and spatial patterns best explained by secular changes in the dominant mode of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of modern TC variability. We thus attribute long-term shifts in cyclogenesis in both the central Australian and North Atlantic sectors over the past two millennia to entrenched El Niño or La Niña states of the tropical Pacific. The influence of ENSO on monsoon precipitation in this region of northwest Australia is muted, but ENSO-driven changes to the monsoon may have complemented changes to TC activity. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1103413 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cave KNI-51 # Location: Western Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Easternmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Westernmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNI-51-10-2016d18O # First_Year: 1196 # Last_Year: 534 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples with asterisks were published in Denniston et al. (2015); all others reported in Denniston et al. (2013) # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 × 10−6 ± 4.4 × 10−6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Average crustal silicate ratio # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id material_dated depth_bot_mm 238U_ppm 232Th_ppb d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr date_type # KNI-51-10 aragonite 617 2238 54450 1654.6 1.8 0.017 0.00013 12 0.1 710 5 383 267 MC-ICP-MS # KNI-51-10 aragonite 414 2651 27445 1658.1 1.8 0.021 0.00012 34 0.2 877 5 703 113 MC-ICP-MS # Hiatus NA 362.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA hiatus # KNI-51-10 aragonite 357 2520 33068 1616.1 2.7 0.028 0.00014 36 0.2 1187 6 981 146 MC-ICP-MS # KNI-51-10 aragonite 134 2213 27637 1569.2 1.5 0.031 0.00022 41 0.3 1319 9 1117 142 MC-ICP-MS # KNI-51-10 aragonite 12 2488 122539 1630.5 8.3 0.043 0.00017 14 0.1 1782 9 1176 546 MC-ICP-MS #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,Stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from base ## mineral notes,,,,,speleothems,,,C,calcite or aragonite ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm mineral age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB KNI-51-10 5 aragonite 1196 -6.87 KNI-51-10 10 aragonite 1193 -6.61 KNI-51-10 15 aragonite 1190 -6.33 KNI-51-10 20 aragonite 1187 -6.61 KNI-51-10 25 aragonite 1183 -6.71 KNI-51-10 30 aragonite 1180 -6.11 KNI-51-10 35 aragonite 1177 -6.10 KNI-51-10 40 aragonite 1174 -5.38 KNI-51-10 45 aragonite 1171 -6.17 KNI-51-10 50 aragonite 1168 -6.41 KNI-51-10 55 aragonite 1165 -6.01 KNI-51-10 60 aragonite 1162 -6.67 KNI-51-10 65 aragonite 1159 -6.57 KNI-51-10 70 aragonite 1156 -6.54 KNI-51-10 75 aragonite 1153 -6.80 KNI-51-10 80 aragonite 1150 -6.70 KNI-51-10 85 aragonite 1147 -6.69 KNI-51-10 90 aragonite 1144 -6.91 KNI-51-10 95 aragonite 1141 -6.52 KNI-51-10 100 aragonite 1138 -7.32 KNI-51-10 105 aragonite 1135 -7.27 KNI-51-10 110 aragonite 1132 -7.22 KNI-51-10 115 aragonite 1129 -6.95 KNI-51-10 120 aragonite 1126 -6.99 KNI-51-10 125 aragonite 1122 -7.69 KNI-51-10 130 aragonite 1119 -7.00 KNI-51-10 140 aragonite 1113 -7.45 KNI-51-10 145 aragonite 1110 -7.33 KNI-51-10 150 aragonite 1107 -7.30 KNI-51-10 155 aragonite 1104 -7.16 KNI-51-10 160 aragonite 1101 -7.33 KNI-51-10 165 aragonite 1098 -7.30 KNI-51-10 170 aragonite 1095 -7.35 KNI-51-10 175 aragonite 1092 -7.24 KNI-51-10 180 aragonite 1089 -7.04 KNI-51-10 185 aragonite 1086 -6.90 KNI-51-10 190 aragonite 1083 -6.53 KNI-51-10 195 aragonite 1080 -6.43 KNI-51-10 200 aragonite 1077 -6.78 KNI-51-10 205 aragonite 1074 -6.99 KNI-51-10 210 aragonite 1071 -7.17 KNI-51-10 215 aragonite 1068 -6.99 KNI-51-10 220 aragonite 1065 -7.24 KNI-51-10 225 aragonite 1061 -7.26 KNI-51-10 230 aragonite 1058 -7.29 KNI-51-10 235 aragonite 1055 -7.02 KNI-51-10 240 aragonite 1052 -7.12 KNI-51-10 245 aragonite 1049 -7.19 KNI-51-10 250 aragonite 1046 -6.64 KNI-51-10 255 aragonite 1043 -7.49 KNI-51-10 260 aragonite 1040 -7.21 KNI-51-10 265 aragonite 1037 -7.42 KNI-51-10 270 aragonite 1034 -6.59 KNI-51-10 275 aragonite 1031 -7.19 KNI-51-10 280 aragonite 1028 -7.19 KNI-51-10 285 aragonite 1025 -7.09 KNI-51-10 290 aragonite 1022 -7.48 KNI-51-10 295 aragonite 1019 -6.71 KNI-51-10 300 aragonite 1016 -6.92 KNI-51-10 305 aragonite 1013 -6.95 KNI-51-10 310 aragonite 1010 -6.85 KNI-51-10 315 aragonite 1007 -6.86 KNI-51-10 320 aragonite 1004 -7.11 KNI-51-10 325 aragonite 1000 -7.17 KNI-51-10 330 aragonite 997 -6.71 KNI-51-10 335 aragonite 994 -6.39 KNI-51-10 340 aragonite 991 -6.88 KNI-51-10 345 aragonite 988 -7.13 KNI-51-10 350 aragonite 985 -7.00 KNI-51-10 355 aragonite 982 -6.86 KNI-51-10 360 aragonite 979 -6.57 KNI-51-10 365 aragonite 742 -6.56 KNI-51-10 370 aragonite 738 -6.57 KNI-51-10 375 aragonite 734 -6.83 KNI-51-10 380 aragonite 730 -6.79 KNI-51-10 385 aragonite 726 -6.85 KNI-51-10 390 aragonite 722 -6.79 KNI-51-10 395 aragonite 718 -7.31 KNI-51-10 400 aragonite 714 -6.90 KNI-51-10 405 aragonite 710 -6.79 KNI-51-10 410 aragonite 706 -7.13 KNI-51-10 415 aragonite 702 -6.88 KNI-51-10 420 aragonite 698 -6.82 KNI-51-10 425 aragonite 694 -6.51 KNI-51-10 430 aragonite 690 -6.79 KNI-51-10 435 aragonite 686 -6.78 KNI-51-10 440 aragonite 682 -6.77 KNI-51-10 445 aragonite 678 -7.09 KNI-51-10 450 aragonite 674 -7.00 KNI-51-10 455 aragonite 670 -7.21 KNI-51-10 460 aragonite 666 -7.17 KNI-51-10 465 aragonite 662 -6.58 KNI-51-10 470 aragonite 658 -6.87 KNI-51-10 475 aragonite 654 -7.13 KNI-51-10 480 aragonite 650 -6.24 KNI-51-10 485 aragonite 646 -7.11 KNI-51-10 490 aragonite 642 -6.83 KNI-51-10 495 aragonite 638 -6.67 KNI-51-10 500 aragonite 634 -7.08 KNI-51-10 505 aragonite 630 -7.00 KNI-51-10 510 aragonite 626 -7.18 KNI-51-10 515 aragonite 622 -6.66 KNI-51-10 520 aragonite 618 -6.83 KNI-51-10 525 aragonite 614 -6.79 KNI-51-10 530 aragonite 610 -6.65 KNI-51-10 535 aragonite 606 -6.98 KNI-51-10 540 aragonite 602 -6.35 KNI-51-10 545 aragonite 598 -6.96 KNI-51-10 550 aragonite 594 -6.85 KNI-51-10 555 aragonite 590 -6.99 KNI-51-10 560 aragonite 586 -5.83 KNI-51-10 565 aragonite 582 -6.03 KNI-51-10 570 aragonite 578 -6.12 KNI-51-10 575 aragonite 574 -6.15 KNI-51-10 580 aragonite 570 -6.55 KNI-51-10 585 aragonite 566 -6.21 KNI-51-10 590 aragonite 562 -6.87 KNI-51-10 595 aragonite 558 -6.43 KNI-51-10 600 aragonite 554 -7.02 KNI-51-10 605 aragonite 550 -6.39 KNI-51-10 610 aragonite 546 -5.88 KNI-51-10 615 aragonite 542 -6.23 KNI-51-10 620 aragonite 538 -4.88 KNI-51-10 625 aragonite 533.53 -5.63