# Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20530 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20530.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/htg9-m613 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-4-2016d18o-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite KNI-51-4 d18O Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-09-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-20 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); Ummenhofer, C.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-3967); Wanamaker, A.D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6420); Lachniet, M.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Villarini, G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-2370); Asmerom, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1294); Polyak, V.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-1066); Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-875X); Woods, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-2218); Humphreys, W.F. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Note: d18O values for stalagmite KNI-51-10 have been decreased by 1 per mil. Provided Keywords: stalagmite, oxygen isotope, Australia, monsoon, tropical rain belt. # # Data file updated 7/26/2017. In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2. Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). In the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected. # # Additional assigned age corrections were made to this file 7-February-2018. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Published_Title: A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: 78 # Pages: 155-168 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Oxygen isotopic data from a suite of calcite and aragonite stalagmites from cave KNI-51, located in the eastern Kimberley region of tropical Western Australia, represent the first absolute-dated, high-resolution speleothem record of the Holocene Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon (IASM) from the Australian tropics. Stalagmite oxygen isotopic values track monsoon intensity via amount effects in precipitation and reveal a dynamic Holocene IASM which strengthened in the early Holocene, decreased in strength by 4 ka, with a further decrease from 2 to 1 ka, before strengthening again at 1 ka to years to levels similar to those between 4 and 2 ka. The relationships between the KNI-51 IASM reconstruction and those from published speleothem time series from Flores and Borneo, in combination with other data sets, appear largely inconsistent with changes in the position and/or organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Instead, we argue that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have played a dominant role in driving IASM variability since at least the middle Holocene. Given the muted modern monsoon rainfall responses to most El Nino events in the Kimberley, an impact of ENSO on regional monsoon precipitation over northwestern Australia would suggest non-stationarity in the long-term relationship between ENSO forcing and IASM rainfall, possibly due to changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific over the Holocene. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Published_Title: Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 6 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/srep34485 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The seasonal north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) defines the tropical rain belt (TRB), a region of enormous terrestrial and marine biodiversity and home to 40% of people on Earth. The TRB is dynamic and has been shown to shift south as a coherent system during periods of Northern Hemisphere cooling. However, recent studies of Indo-Pacific hydroclimate suggest that during the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1400-1850), the TRB in this region contracted rather than being displaced uniformly southward. This behaviour is not well understood, particularly during climatic fluctuations less pronounced than those of the LIA, the largest centennial-scale cool period of the last millennium. Here we show that the Indo-Pacific TRB expanded and contracted numerous times over multi-decadal to centennial scales during the last 3,000 yr. By integrating precisely-dated stalagmite records of tropical hydroclimate from southern China with a newly enhanced stalagmite time series from northern Australia, our study reveals a previously unidentified coherence between the austral and boreal summer monsoon. State-of-the-art climate model simulations of the last millennium suggest these are linked to changes in the structure of the regional manifestation of the atmosphere's meridional circulation. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Published_Title: Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 112 # Pages: 4576-4581 # Issue: 15 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422270112 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Assessing temporal variability in extreme rainfall events before the historical era is complicated by the sparsity of long-term "direct" storm proxies. Here we present a 2,200-y-long, accurate, and precisely dated record of cave flooding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analysis of meteorological data and sediment layers within stalagmites, as representing a proxy for extreme rainfall events derived primarily from tropical cyclones (TCs) and secondarily from the regional summer monsoon. This time series reveals substantial multicentennial variability in extreme rainfall, with elevated occurrence rates characterizing the twentieth century, 850-1450 CE (Common Era), and 50-400 CE; reduced activity marks 1450-1650 CE and 500-850 CE. These trends are similar to reconstructed numbers of TCs in the North Atlantic and Caribbean basins, and they form temporal and spatial patterns best explained by secular changes in the dominant mode of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of modern TC variability. We thus attribute long-term shifts in cyclogenesis in both the central Australian and North Atlantic sectors over the past two millennia to entrenched El Niño or La Niña states of the tropical Pacific. The influence of ENSO on monsoon precipitation in this region of northwest Australia is muted, but ENSO-driven changes to the monsoon may have complemented changes to TC activity. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1103413 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cave KNI-51 # Location: Western Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Easternmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Westernmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNI-51-4-2016d18O # First_Year: 8175 # Last_Year: 7419 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples with asterisks were published in Denniston et al. (2015); all others reported in Denniston et al. (2013) # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 × 10−6 ± 4.4 × 10−6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Average crustal silicate ratio # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id material_dated depth_bot_mm 238U_ppm 232Th_ppb d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # KNI-51-4 calcite 475 91 2717 461.6 1.6 0.106 0.00086 58 0.6 8233 70 7574 602 # KNI-51-4 calcite 315 99 1041 453.5 2.3 0.102 0.00090 160 4.1 7934 74 7664 222 # KNI-51-4 calcite 307 119 1589 492.9 1.7 0.106 0.00090 132 2.4 8079 72 7759 269 # KNI-51-4 calcite 240 135 2104 506.4 1.3 0.113 0.00083 120 1.8 8566 66 8204 309 # KNI-51-4 calcite 216 154 3979 488.5 1.4 0.115 0.00075 74 0.7 8821 60 8255 509 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,Stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from base ## mineral notes,,,,,speleothems,,,C,calcite or aragonite ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm mineral age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB KNI-51-4 204 calcite 8175 -8.83 KNI-51-4 206 calcite 8170 -8.36 KNI-51-4 208 calcite 8164 -8.95 KNI-51-4 210 calcite 8159 -8.81 KNI-51-4 212 calcite 8154 -8.36 KNI-51-4 214 calcite 8148 -8.05 KNI-51-4 216 calcite 8143 -8.34 KNI-51-4 218 calcite 8138 -9.21 KNI-51-4 220 calcite 8132 -9.04 KNI-51-4 222 calcite 8127 -9.66 KNI-51-4 224 calcite 8122 -8.33 KNI-51-4 226 calcite 8117 -8.24 KNI-51-4 228 calcite 8111 -8.66 KNI-51-4 230 calcite 8106 -8.99 KNI-51-4 232 calcite 8101 -8.58 KNI-51-4 234 calcite 8095 -8.05 KNI-51-4 236 calcite 8090 -7.32 KNI-51-4 238 calcite 8085 -8.39 KNI-51-4 240 calcite 8079 -8.57 KNI-51-4 242 calcite 8074 -8.69 KNI-51-4 246 calcite 8063 -7.62 KNI-51-4 248 calcite 8058 -8.82 KNI-51-4 250 calcite 8053 -7.42 KNI-51-4 252 calcite 8047 -9.52 KNI-51-4 254 calcite 8042 -7.49 KNI-51-4 256 calcite 8037 -9.93 KNI-51-4 258 calcite 8031 -9.08 KNI-51-4 260 calcite 8026 -8.53 KNI-51-4 262 calcite 8021 -7.76 KNI-51-4 264 calcite 8015 -7.77 KNI-51-4 266 calcite 8010 -7.57 KNI-51-4 268 calcite 8005 -8.45 KNI-51-4 270 calcite 7999 -8.13 KNI-51-4 272 calcite 7994 -8.12 KNI-51-4 274 calcite 7989 -8.88 KNI-51-4 276 calcite 7983 -8.61 KNI-51-4 278 calcite 7978 -9.29 KNI-51-4 280 calcite 7973 -9.01 KNI-51-4 282 calcite 7967 -8.68 KNI-51-4 284 calcite 7962 -8.82 KNI-51-4 286 calcite 7957 -9.29 KNI-51-4 288 calcite 7951 -8.79 KNI-51-4 290 calcite 7946 -8.16 KNI-51-4 292 calcite 7941 -7.09 KNI-51-4 294 calcite 7936 -11.12 KNI-51-4 296 calcite 7930 -7.15 KNI-51-4 298 calcite 7925 -8.15 KNI-51-4 300 calcite 7920 -8.92 KNI-51-4 302 calcite 7914 -7.77 KNI-51-4 304 calcite 7909 -8.08 KNI-51-4 306 calcite 7904 -7.09 KNI-51-4 308 calcite 7898 -6.67 KNI-51-4 312 calcite 7888 -9.24 KNI-51-4 316 calcite 7877 -6.10 KNI-51-4 320 calcite 7866 -6.91 KNI-51-4 324 calcite 7856 -7.64 KNI-51-4 328 calcite 7845 -8.47 KNI-51-4 332 calcite 7834 -7.79 KNI-51-4 336 calcite 7824 -8.60 KNI-51-4 340 calcite 7813 -7.02 KNI-51-4 344 calcite 7802 -8.06 KNI-51-4 348 calcite 7792 -8.62 KNI-51-4 352 calcite 7781 -8.06 KNI-51-4 356 calcite 7771 -7.40 KNI-51-4 360 calcite 7760 -8.91 KNI-51-4 364 calcite 7749 -8.82 KNI-51-4 368 calcite 7739 -7.05 KNI-51-4 372 calcite 7728 -7.22 KNI-51-4 376 calcite 7717 -7.64 KNI-51-4 380 calcite 7707 -6.38 KNI-51-4 384 calcite 7696 -5.57 KNI-51-4 388 calcite 7685 -8.91 KNI-51-4 392 calcite 7675 -9.14 KNI-51-4 396 calcite 7664 -7.39 KNI-51-4 400 calcite 7653 -8.44 KNI-51-4 404 calcite 7643 -9.49 KNI-51-4 408 calcite 7632 -8.28 KNI-51-4 412 calcite 7621 -7.54 KNI-51-4 416 calcite 7611 -7.07 KNI-51-4 420 calcite 7600 -8.04 KNI-51-4 424 calcite 7590 -8.09 KNI-51-4 428 calcite 7579 -8.25 KNI-51-4 432 calcite 7568 -8.50 KNI-51-4 436 calcite 7558 -10.44 KNI-51-4 440 calcite 7547 -8.39 KNI-51-4 444 calcite 7536 -8.15 KNI-51-4 448 calcite 7526 -8.44 KNI-51-4 452 calcite 7515 -7.68 KNI-51-4 456 calcite 7504 -7.51 KNI-51-4 460 calcite 7494 -9.35 KNI-51-4 464 calcite 7483 -6.63 KNI-51-4 468 calcite 7472 -7.43 KNI-51-4 472 calcite 7462 -9.37 KNI-51-4 476 calcite 7451 -8.88 KNI-51-4 480 calcite 7440 -8.96 KNI-51-4 484 calcite 7430 -7.61 KNI-51-4 488 calcite 7419 -8.52