# Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20530 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20530.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/htg9-m613 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-7-2016d18o-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite KNI-51-7 d18O Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-09-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-20 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); Ummenhofer, C.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-3967); Wanamaker, A.D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6420); Lachniet, M.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Villarini, G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-2370); Asmerom, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1294); Polyak, V.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-1066); Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-875X); Woods, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-2218); Humphreys, W.F. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Note: d18O values for stalagmite KNI-51-10 have been decreased by 1 per mil. Provided Keywords: stalagmite, oxygen isotope, Australia, monsoon, tropical rain belt. # # Data file updated 7/26/2017. In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2. Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). In the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected. # # Additional assigned age corrections were made to this file 7-February-2018. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Published_Title: A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: 78 # Pages: 155-168 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Oxygen isotopic data from a suite of calcite and aragonite stalagmites from cave KNI-51, located in the eastern Kimberley region of tropical Western Australia, represent the first absolute-dated, high-resolution speleothem record of the Holocene Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon (IASM) from the Australian tropics. Stalagmite oxygen isotopic values track monsoon intensity via amount effects in precipitation and reveal a dynamic Holocene IASM which strengthened in the early Holocene, decreased in strength by 4 ka, with a further decrease from 2 to 1 ka, before strengthening again at 1 ka to years to levels similar to those between 4 and 2 ka. The relationships between the KNI-51 IASM reconstruction and those from published speleothem time series from Flores and Borneo, in combination with other data sets, appear largely inconsistent with changes in the position and/or organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Instead, we argue that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have played a dominant role in driving IASM variability since at least the middle Holocene. Given the muted modern monsoon rainfall responses to most El Nino events in the Kimberley, an impact of ENSO on regional monsoon precipitation over northwestern Australia would suggest non-stationarity in the long-term relationship between ENSO forcing and IASM rainfall, possibly due to changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific over the Holocene. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Published_Title: Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 6 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/srep34485 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The seasonal north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) defines the tropical rain belt (TRB), a region of enormous terrestrial and marine biodiversity and home to 40% of people on Earth. The TRB is dynamic and has been shown to shift south as a coherent system during periods of Northern Hemisphere cooling. However, recent studies of Indo-Pacific hydroclimate suggest that during the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1400-1850), the TRB in this region contracted rather than being displaced uniformly southward. This behaviour is not well understood, particularly during climatic fluctuations less pronounced than those of the LIA, the largest centennial-scale cool period of the last millennium. Here we show that the Indo-Pacific TRB expanded and contracted numerous times over multi-decadal to centennial scales during the last 3,000 yr. By integrating precisely-dated stalagmite records of tropical hydroclimate from southern China with a newly enhanced stalagmite time series from northern Australia, our study reveals a previously unidentified coherence between the austral and boreal summer monsoon. State-of-the-art climate model simulations of the last millennium suggest these are linked to changes in the structure of the regional manifestation of the atmosphere's meridional circulation. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Published_Title: Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 112 # Pages: 4576-4581 # Issue: 15 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422270112 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Assessing temporal variability in extreme rainfall events before the historical era is complicated by the sparsity of long-term "direct" storm proxies. Here we present a 2,200-y-long, accurate, and precisely dated record of cave flooding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analysis of meteorological data and sediment layers within stalagmites, as representing a proxy for extreme rainfall events derived primarily from tropical cyclones (TCs) and secondarily from the regional summer monsoon. This time series reveals substantial multicentennial variability in extreme rainfall, with elevated occurrence rates characterizing the twentieth century, 850-1450 CE (Common Era), and 50-400 CE; reduced activity marks 1450-1650 CE and 500-850 CE. These trends are similar to reconstructed numbers of TCs in the North Atlantic and Caribbean basins, and they form temporal and spatial patterns best explained by secular changes in the dominant mode of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of modern TC variability. We thus attribute long-term shifts in cyclogenesis in both the central Australian and North Atlantic sectors over the past two millennia to entrenched El Niño or La Niña states of the tropical Pacific. The influence of ENSO on monsoon precipitation in this region of northwest Australia is muted, but ENSO-driven changes to the monsoon may have complemented changes to TC activity. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1103413 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cave KNI-51 # Location: Western Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Easternmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Westernmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNI-51-7-2016d18O # First_Year: 3140 # Last_Year: 2141 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples with asterisks were published in Denniston et al. (2015); all others reported in Denniston et al. (2013) # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 × 10−6 ± 4.4 × 10−6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Average crustal silicate ratio # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id material_dated depth_bot_mm 238U_ppm 232Th_ppb d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # KNI-51-7 aragonite 1021 4434 1246 1345.0 1.4 0.049 0.00019 2852 65.0 2288 9 2225 10 # KNI-51-7 aragonite 527 4376 1355 1337.3 1.6 0.059 0.00041 3140 134.6 2792 20 2729 20 # KNI-51-7 aragonite 57 11822 21578 1302.6 1.5 0.066 0.00027 594 2.5 3167 13 3083 27 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,Stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from base ## mineral notes,,,,,speleothems,,,C,calcite or aragonite ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm mineral age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB KNI-51-7 0 aragonite 3140 -7.39 KNI-51-7 5 aragonite 3135 -6.59 KNI-51-7 10 aragonite 3131 -6.95 KNI-51-7 15 aragonite 3126 -6.66 KNI-51-7 20 aragonite 3122 -5.24 KNI-51-7 25 aragonite 3118 -6.63 KNI-51-7 30 aragonite 3113 -6.74 KNI-51-7 35 aragonite 3109 -6.40 KNI-51-7 40 aragonite 3104 -7.01 KNI-51-7 45 aragonite 3100 -6.60 KNI-51-7 50 aragonite 3095 -6.49 KNI-51-7 55 aragonite 3091 -5.74 KNI-51-7 60 aragonite 3086 -6.96 KNI-51-7 65 aragonite 3082 -5.58 KNI-51-7 70 aragonite 3077 -6.78 KNI-51-7 75 aragonite 3073 -6.44 KNI-51-7 80 aragonite 3068 -6.77 KNI-51-7 85 aragonite 3064 -6.03 KNI-51-7 90 aragonite 3060 -7.04 KNI-51-7 95 aragonite 3055 -6.52 KNI-51-7 105 aragonite 3046 -6.32 KNI-51-7 110 aragonite 3042 -6.74 KNI-51-7 115 aragonite 3037 -6.66 KNI-51-7 120 aragonite 3033 -6.25 KNI-51-7 125 aragonite 3028 -5.36 KNI-51-7 130 aragonite 3024 -7.57 KNI-51-7 135 aragonite 3019 -6.98 KNI-51-7 140 aragonite 3015 -7.00 KNI-51-7 145 aragonite 3011 -6.31 KNI-51-7 150 aragonite 3006 -6.31 KNI-51-7 155 aragonite 3002 -6.55 KNI-51-7 160 aragonite 2997 -7.02 KNI-51-7 165 aragonite 2993 -6.32 KNI-51-7 170 aragonite 2988 -7.04 KNI-51-7 175 aragonite 2984 -6.19 KNI-51-7 180 aragonite 2979 -6.96 KNI-51-7 185 aragonite 2975 -5.79 KNI-51-7 190 aragonite 2970 -7.33 KNI-51-7 195 aragonite 2966 -6.57 KNI-51-7 200 aragonite 2961 -7.11 KNI-51-7 205 aragonite 2957 -5.50 KNI-51-7 210 aragonite 2953 -6.77 KNI-51-7 215 aragonite 2948 -4.74 KNI-51-7 220 aragonite 2944 -7.02 KNI-51-7 225 aragonite 2939 -6.51 KNI-51-7 230 aragonite 2935 -6.51 KNI-51-7 235 aragonite 2930 -5.49 KNI-51-7 240 aragonite 2926 -7.03 KNI-51-7 245 aragonite 2921 -6.86 KNI-51-7 250 aragonite 2917 -7.37 KNI-51-7 255 aragonite 2912 -6.99 KNI-51-7 260 aragonite 2908 -6.84 KNI-51-7 265 aragonite 2903 -6.84 KNI-51-7 270 aragonite 2899 -6.40 KNI-51-7 275 aragonite 2895 -6.76 KNI-51-7 280 aragonite 2890 -7.04 KNI-51-7 285 aragonite 2886 -6.72 KNI-51-7 290 aragonite 2881 -6.68 KNI-51-7 295 aragonite 2877 -6.80 KNI-51-7 300 aragonite 2872 -7.38 KNI-51-7 305 aragonite 2868 -7.33 KNI-51-7 310 aragonite 2863 -7.26 KNI-51-7 315 aragonite 2859 -6.81 KNI-51-7 320 aragonite 2854 -7.27 KNI-51-7 325 aragonite 2850 -6.87 KNI-51-7 330 aragonite 2845 -7.50 KNI-51-7 335 aragonite 2841 -7.23 KNI-51-7 340 aragonite 2837 -6.98 KNI-51-7 345 aragonite 2832 -6.81 KNI-51-7 350 aragonite 2828 -7.36 KNI-51-7 355 aragonite 2823 -6.10 KNI-51-7 360 aragonite 2819 -7.20 KNI-51-7 365 aragonite 2814 -5.93 KNI-51-7 370 aragonite 2810 -7.22 KNI-51-7 375 aragonite 2805 -6.44 KNI-51-7 380 aragonite 2801 -7.96 KNI-51-7 385 aragonite 2796 -6.82 KNI-51-7 390 aragonite 2792 -8.08 KNI-51-7 395 aragonite 2788 -6.91 KNI-51-7 400 aragonite 2783 -7.92 KNI-51-7 405 aragonite 2779 -7.22 KNI-51-7 410 aragonite 2774 -7.73 KNI-51-7 415 aragonite 2770 -7.35 KNI-51-7 420 aragonite 2765 -7.65 KNI-51-7 425 aragonite 2761 -6.16 KNI-51-7 430 aragonite 2756 -7.50 KNI-51-7 435 aragonite 2752 -7.75 KNI-51-7 440 aragonite 2747 -7.58 KNI-51-7 445 aragonite 2743 -6.87 KNI-51-7 450 aragonite 2738 -7.24 KNI-51-7 455 aragonite 2734 -7.54 KNI-51-7 460 aragonite 2730 -7.57 KNI-51-7 465 aragonite 2725 -6.79 KNI-51-7 470 aragonite 2721 -7.86 KNI-51-7 475 aragonite 2716 -8.00 KNI-51-7 480 aragonite 2712 -7.91 KNI-51-7 485 aragonite 2707 -7.71 KNI-51-7 490 aragonite 2703 -7.66 KNI-51-7 495 aragonite 2698 -7.24 KNI-51-7 500 aragonite 2694 -7.15 KNI-51-7 505 aragonite 2689 -6.93 KNI-51-7 510 aragonite 2685 -6.37 KNI-51-7 515 aragonite 2680 -6.65 KNI-51-7 520 aragonite 2676 -7.10 KNI-51-7 525 aragonite 2672 -6.74 KNI-51-7 530 aragonite 2667 -6.90 KNI-51-7 535 aragonite 2663 -6.23 KNI-51-7 540 aragonite 2658 -6.97 KNI-51-7 545 aragonite 2654 -6.93 KNI-51-7 550 aragonite 2649 -7.25 KNI-51-7 555 aragonite 2645 -5.87 KNI-51-7 560 aragonite 2640 -7.55 KNI-51-7 565 aragonite 2636 -6.33 KNI-51-7 570 aragonite 2631 -7.37 KNI-51-7 575 aragonite 2627 -5.97 KNI-51-7 580 aragonite 2622 -6.28 KNI-51-7 585 aragonite 2618 -5.80 KNI-51-7 590 aragonite 2614 -7.68 KNI-51-7 595 aragonite 2609 -7.67 KNI-51-7 600 aragonite 2605 -7.01 KNI-51-7 605 aragonite 2600 -7.50 KNI-51-7 610 aragonite 2596 -6.79 KNI-51-7 615 aragonite 2591 -7.38 KNI-51-7 620 aragonite 2587 -7.75 KNI-51-7 625 aragonite 2582 -6.90 KNI-51-7 630 aragonite 2578 -7.76 KNI-51-7 635 aragonite 2573 -7.61 KNI-51-7 640 aragonite 2569 -6.60 KNI-51-7 645 aragonite 2565 -7.60 KNI-51-7 650 aragonite 2560 -6.82 KNI-51-7 655 aragonite 2556 -7.23 KNI-51-7 660 aragonite 2551 -7.42 KNI-51-7 665 aragonite 2547 -6.97 KNI-51-7 670 aragonite 2542 -6.44 KNI-51-7 675 aragonite 2538 -6.22 KNI-51-7 680 aragonite 2533 -7.39 KNI-51-7 685 aragonite 2529 -7.53 KNI-51-7 690 aragonite 2524 -6.76 KNI-51-7 695 aragonite 2520 -6.67 KNI-51-7 700 aragonite 2515 -6.81 KNI-51-7 705 aragonite 2511 -7.35 KNI-51-7 710 aragonite 2507 -7.27 KNI-51-7 715 aragonite 2502 -7.06 KNI-51-7 720 aragonite 2498 -7.37 KNI-51-7 725 aragonite 2493 -5.79 KNI-51-7 730 aragonite 2489 -6.25 KNI-51-7 735 aragonite 2484 -6.98 KNI-51-7 740 aragonite 2480 -7.06 KNI-51-7 745 aragonite 2475 -6.97 KNI-51-7 750 aragonite 2471 -7.20 KNI-51-7 755 aragonite 2466 -6.65 KNI-51-7 760 aragonite 2462 -7.57 KNI-51-7 765 aragonite 2457 -7.01 KNI-51-7 770 aragonite 2453 -6.99 KNI-51-7 780 aragonite 2444 -6.78 KNI-51-7 785 aragonite 2440 -6.69 KNI-51-7 790 aragonite 2435 -6.98 KNI-51-7 795 aragonite 2431 -6.87 KNI-51-7 800 aragonite 2426 -7.20 KNI-51-7 805 aragonite 2422 -6.49 KNI-51-7 810 aragonite 2417 -6.81 KNI-51-7 815 aragonite 2413 -6.88 KNI-51-7 820 aragonite 2408 -7.18 KNI-51-7 825 aragonite 2404 -6.89 KNI-51-7 830 aragonite 2399 -7.25 KNI-51-7 835 aragonite 2395 -6.58 KNI-51-7 840 aragonite 2391 -6.82 KNI-51-7 845 aragonite 2386 -6.35 KNI-51-7 850 aragonite 2382 -6.80 KNI-51-7 855 aragonite 2377 -6.95 KNI-51-7 860 aragonite 2373 -6.87 KNI-51-7 865 aragonite 2368 -7.10 KNI-51-7 870 aragonite 2364 -7.18 KNI-51-7 875 aragonite 2359 -6.61 KNI-51-7 880 aragonite 2355 -7.21 KNI-51-7 885 aragonite 2350 -6.75 KNI-51-7 890 aragonite 2346 -6.75 KNI-51-7 895 aragonite 2342 -6.97 KNI-51-7 900 aragonite 2337 -7.48 KNI-51-7 905 aragonite 2333 -7.42 KNI-51-7 910 aragonite 2328 -7.25 KNI-51-7 915 aragonite 2324 -7.26 KNI-51-7 920 aragonite 2319 -7.34 KNI-51-7 925 aragonite 2315 -6.79 KNI-51-7 930 aragonite 2310 -7.41 KNI-51-7 935 aragonite 2306 -7.40 KNI-51-7 940 aragonite 2301 -7.52 KNI-51-7 945 aragonite 2297 -6.91 KNI-51-7 950 aragonite 2292 -6.78 KNI-51-7 955 aragonite 2288 -7.19 KNI-51-7 960 aragonite 2284 -6.87 KNI-51-7 965 aragonite 2279 -7.13 KNI-51-7 970 aragonite 2275 -6.55 KNI-51-7 975 aragonite 2270 -6.46 KNI-51-7 980 aragonite 2266 -7.55 KNI-51-7 985 aragonite 2261 -6.95 KNI-51-7 990 aragonite 2257 -7.23 KNI-51-7 995 aragonite 2252 -6.56 KNI-51-7 1000 aragonite 2248 -7.11 KNI-51-7 1005 aragonite 2243 -7.28 KNI-51-7 1010 aragonite 2239 -7.34 KNI-51-7 1015 aragonite 2234 -7.15 KNI-51-7 1020 aragonite 2230 -7.28 KNI-51-7 1025 aragonite 2226 -7.14 KNI-51-7 1030 aragonite 2221 -7.61 KNI-51-7 1035 aragonite 2217 -7.30 KNI-51-7 1040 aragonite 2212 -6.80 KNI-51-7 1045 aragonite 2208 -6.93 KNI-51-7 1050 aragonite 2203 -7.39 KNI-51-7 1055 aragonite 2199 -6.91 KNI-51-7 1060 aragonite 2194 -7.14 KNI-51-7 1065 aragonite 2190 -6.40 KNI-51-7 1070 aragonite 2185 -6.82 KNI-51-7 1075 aragonite 2181 -7.20 KNI-51-7 1080 aragonite 2176 -6.75 KNI-51-7 1085 aragonite 2172 -6.68 KNI-51-7 1090 aragonite 2168 -7.15 KNI-51-7 1095 aragonite 2163 -6.83 KNI-51-7 1100 aragonite 2159 -6.64 KNI-51-7 1105 aragonite 2154 -6.58 KNI-51-7 1110 aragonite 2150 -6.48 KNI-51-7 1115 aragonite 2145 -6.46 KNI-51-7 1120 aragonite 2141 -5.90