# Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20530 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20530.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/htg9-m613 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-C-2016d18o-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite KNI-51-C d18O Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-09-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-20 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); Ummenhofer, C.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-3967); Wanamaker, A.D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6420); Lachniet, M.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Villarini, G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-2370); Asmerom, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1294); Polyak, V.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-1066); Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-875X); Woods, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-2218); Humphreys, W.F. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Note: d18O values for stalagmite KNI-51-10 have been decreased by 1 per mil. Provided Keywords: stalagmite, oxygen isotope, Australia, monsoon, tropical rain belt. # # Data file updated 7/26/2017. In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2. Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). In the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected. # # Additional assigned age corrections were made to this file 7-February-2018. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Published_Title: A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: 78 # Pages: 155-168 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Oxygen isotopic data from a suite of calcite and aragonite stalagmites from cave KNI-51, located in the eastern Kimberley region of tropical Western Australia, represent the first absolute-dated, high-resolution speleothem record of the Holocene Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon (IASM) from the Australian tropics. Stalagmite oxygen isotopic values track monsoon intensity via amount effects in precipitation and reveal a dynamic Holocene IASM which strengthened in the early Holocene, decreased in strength by 4 ka, with a further decrease from 2 to 1 ka, before strengthening again at 1 ka to years to levels similar to those between 4 and 2 ka. The relationships between the KNI-51 IASM reconstruction and those from published speleothem time series from Flores and Borneo, in combination with other data sets, appear largely inconsistent with changes in the position and/or organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Instead, we argue that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have played a dominant role in driving IASM variability since at least the middle Holocene. Given the muted modern monsoon rainfall responses to most El Nino events in the Kimberley, an impact of ENSO on regional monsoon precipitation over northwestern Australia would suggest non-stationarity in the long-term relationship between ENSO forcing and IASM rainfall, possibly due to changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific over the Holocene. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Published_Title: Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 6 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/srep34485 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The seasonal north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) defines the tropical rain belt (TRB), a region of enormous terrestrial and marine biodiversity and home to 40% of people on Earth. The TRB is dynamic and has been shown to shift south as a coherent system during periods of Northern Hemisphere cooling. However, recent studies of Indo-Pacific hydroclimate suggest that during the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1400-1850), the TRB in this region contracted rather than being displaced uniformly southward. This behaviour is not well understood, particularly during climatic fluctuations less pronounced than those of the LIA, the largest centennial-scale cool period of the last millennium. Here we show that the Indo-Pacific TRB expanded and contracted numerous times over multi-decadal to centennial scales during the last 3,000 yr. By integrating precisely-dated stalagmite records of tropical hydroclimate from southern China with a newly enhanced stalagmite time series from northern Australia, our study reveals a previously unidentified coherence between the austral and boreal summer monsoon. State-of-the-art climate model simulations of the last millennium suggest these are linked to changes in the structure of the regional manifestation of the atmosphere's meridional circulation. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Published_Title: Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 112 # Pages: 4576-4581 # Issue: 15 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422270112 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Assessing temporal variability in extreme rainfall events before the historical era is complicated by the sparsity of long-term "direct" storm proxies. Here we present a 2,200-y-long, accurate, and precisely dated record of cave flooding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analysis of meteorological data and sediment layers within stalagmites, as representing a proxy for extreme rainfall events derived primarily from tropical cyclones (TCs) and secondarily from the regional summer monsoon. This time series reveals substantial multicentennial variability in extreme rainfall, with elevated occurrence rates characterizing the twentieth century, 850-1450 CE (Common Era), and 50-400 CE; reduced activity marks 1450-1650 CE and 500-850 CE. These trends are similar to reconstructed numbers of TCs in the North Atlantic and Caribbean basins, and they form temporal and spatial patterns best explained by secular changes in the dominant mode of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of modern TC variability. We thus attribute long-term shifts in cyclogenesis in both the central Australian and North Atlantic sectors over the past two millennia to entrenched El Niño or La Niña states of the tropical Pacific. The influence of ENSO on monsoon precipitation in this region of northwest Australia is muted, but ENSO-driven changes to the monsoon may have complemented changes to TC activity. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1103413 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cave KNI-51 # Location: Western Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Easternmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Westernmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNI-51-C-2016d18O # First_Year: 8844 # Last_Year: 7914 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples with asterisks were published in Denniston et al. (2015); all others reported in Denniston et al. (2013) # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 × 10−6 ± 4.4 × 10−6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Average crustal silicate ratio # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id material_dated depth_bot_mm 238U_ppm 232Th_ppb d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # KNI-51-C aragonite 755 6904 7187 852.0 1.9 0.132 0.00015 2095 17.0 8125 13 8049 21 # KNI-51-C aragonite 465 5346 30437 833.6 1.9 0.135 0.00015 392 0.8 8405 13 8255 91 # KNI-51-C aragonite 68 5153 24552 812.6 1.9 0.142 0.00251 491 8.9 8941 164 8804 181 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,Stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from base ## mineral notes,,,,,speleothems,,,C,calcite or aragonite ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm mineral age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB KNI-51-C 840 aragonite 7914 -7.04 KNI-51-C 835 aragonite 7920 -7.52 KNI-51-C 830 aragonite 7926 -8.29 KNI-51-C 825 aragonite 7932 -8.17 KNI-51-C 820 aragonite 7938 -7.92 KNI-51-C 815 aragonite 7944 -6.85 KNI-51-C 810 aragonite 7950 -6.80 KNI-51-C 805 aragonite 7956 -7.43 KNI-51-C 800 aragonite 7962 -6.93 KNI-51-C 795 aragonite 7968 -8.28 KNI-51-C 790 aragonite 7973 -6.73 KNI-51-C 785 aragonite 7979 -7.21 KNI-51-C 780 aragonite 7985 -6.64 KNI-51-C 775 aragonite 7991 -8.10 KNI-51-C 770 aragonite 7997 -6.83 KNI-51-C 765 aragonite 8003 -7.62 KNI-51-C 760 aragonite 8009 -8.05 KNI-51-C 755 aragonite 8015 -7.14 KNI-51-C 750 aragonite 8021 -7.95 KNI-51-C 745 aragonite 8027 -7.84 KNI-51-C 740 aragonite 8033 -8.38 KNI-51-C 735 aragonite 8039 -6.90 KNI-51-C 730 aragonite 8045 -6.84 KNI-51-C 725 aragonite 8051 -8.48 KNI-51-C 720 aragonite 8057 -6.44 KNI-51-C 715 aragonite 8063 -6.69 KNI-51-C 710 aragonite 8069 -8.32 KNI-51-C 705 aragonite 8075 -9.76 KNI-51-C 700 aragonite 8081 -6.28 KNI-51-C 695 aragonite 8087 -7.17 KNI-51-C 690 aragonite 8093 -7.47 KNI-51-C 685 aragonite 8099 -8.40 KNI-51-C 680 aragonite 8105 -7.01 KNI-51-C 675 aragonite 8111 -6.10 KNI-51-C 670 aragonite 8117 -6.09 KNI-51-C 665 aragonite 8123 -8.12 KNI-51-C 660 aragonite 8129 -7.20 KNI-51-C 655 aragonite 8135 -8.45 KNI-51-C 650 aragonite 8140 -7.23 KNI-51-C 645 aragonite 8146 -7.22 KNI-51-C 455 aragonite 8373 -6.60 KNI-51-C 450 aragonite 8379 -6.44 KNI-51-C 445 aragonite 8385 -7.35 KNI-51-C 440 aragonite 8391 -7.39 KNI-51-C 435 aragonite 8397 -8.31 KNI-51-C 430 aragonite 8403 -7.51 KNI-51-C 425 aragonite 8409 -7.24 KNI-51-C 420 aragonite 8415 -7.69 KNI-51-C 415 aragonite 8421 -7.05 KNI-51-C 410 aragonite 8427 -7.68 KNI-51-C 405 aragonite 8433 -7.31 KNI-51-C 400 aragonite 8439 -7.77 KNI-51-C 395 aragonite 8445 -8.12 KNI-51-C 390 aragonite 8451 -8.17 KNI-51-C 385 aragonite 8457 -9.18 KNI-51-C 380 aragonite 8463 -8.31 KNI-51-C 375 aragonite 8469 -9.49 KNI-51-C 370 aragonite 8474 -7.59 KNI-51-C 365 aragonite 8480 -7.93 KNI-51-C 360 aragonite 8486 -7.71 KNI-51-C 355 aragonite 8492 -6.91 KNI-51-C 350 aragonite 8498 -6.68 KNI-51-C 345 aragonite 8504 -7.16 KNI-51-C 340 aragonite 8510 -6.99 KNI-51-C 335 aragonite 8516 -8.14 KNI-51-C 330 aragonite 8522 -8.10 KNI-51-C 325 aragonite 8528 -8.53 KNI-51-C 320 aragonite 8534 -6.60 KNI-51-C 315 aragonite 8540 -6.95 KNI-51-C 310 aragonite 8546 -7.26 KNI-51-C 305 aragonite 8552 -7.00 KNI-51-C 300 aragonite 8558 -7.26 KNI-51-C 295 aragonite 8564 -6.94 KNI-51-C 290 aragonite 8570 -7.26 KNI-51-C 285 aragonite 8576 -7.23 KNI-51-C 280 aragonite 8582 -7.66 KNI-51-C 275 aragonite 8588 -8.20 KNI-51-C 270 aragonite 8594 -7.48 KNI-51-C 260 aragonite 8606 -6.89 KNI-51-C 255 aragonite 8612 -7.60 KNI-51-C 250 aragonite 8618 -8.09 KNI-51-C 245 aragonite 8624 -6.90 KNI-51-C 240 aragonite 8630 -8.01 KNI-51-C 235 aragonite 8635 -6.04 KNI-51-C 230 aragonite 8641 -7.34 KNI-51-C 225 aragonite 8647 -6.48 KNI-51-C 220 aragonite 8653 -7.86 KNI-51-C 215 aragonite 8659 -7.01 KNI-51-C 210 aragonite 8665 -7.18 KNI-51-C 205 aragonite 8671 -8.11 KNI-51-C 200 aragonite 8677 -8.27 KNI-51-C 195 aragonite 8683 -8.13 KNI-51-C 190 aragonite 8689 -8.06 KNI-51-C 185 aragonite 8695 -8.34 KNI-51-C 180 aragonite 8701 -8.00 KNI-51-C 175 aragonite 8707 -7.71 KNI-51-C 170 aragonite 8713 -8.24 KNI-51-C 165 aragonite 8719 -8.65 KNI-51-C 160 aragonite 8725 -8.19 KNI-51-C 155 aragonite 8731 -7.95 KNI-51-C 150 aragonite 8737 -7.77 KNI-51-C 145 aragonite 8743 -6.33 KNI-51-C 140 aragonite 8749 -7.86 KNI-51-C 135 aragonite 8755 -6.95 KNI-51-C 130 aragonite 8761 -8.03 KNI-51-C 125 aragonite 8767 -7.72 KNI-51-C 120 aragonite 8773 -8.16 KNI-51-C 115 aragonite 8779 -6.32 KNI-51-C 110 aragonite 8785 -6.60 KNI-51-C 105 aragonite 8791 -7.24 KNI-51-C 100 aragonite 8797 -7.31 KNI-51-C 95 aragonite 8802 -8.00 KNI-51-C 90 aragonite 8808 -7.81 KNI-51-C 85 aragonite 8814 -7.31 KNI-51-C 80 aragonite 8820 -7.61 KNI-51-C 75 aragonite 8826 -6.77 KNI-51-C 70 aragonite 8832 -7.60 KNI-51-C 65 aragonite 8838 -7.57 KNI-51-C 60 aragonite 8844 -7.17