# Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20530 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20530.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/htg9-m613 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-F-2016d18o-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite KNI-51-F d18O Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-09-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-20 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); Ummenhofer, C.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-3967); Wanamaker, A.D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6420); Lachniet, M.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Villarini, G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-2370); Asmerom, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1294); Polyak, V.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-1066); Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-875X); Woods, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-2218); Humphreys, W.F. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Note: d18O values for stalagmite KNI-51-10 have been decreased by 1 per mil. Provided Keywords: stalagmite, oxygen isotope, Australia, monsoon, tropical rain belt. # # Data file updated 7/26/2017. In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2. Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). In the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected. # # Additional assigned age corrections were made to this file 7-February-2018. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Published_Title: A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: 78 # Pages: 155-168 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Oxygen isotopic data from a suite of calcite and aragonite stalagmites from cave KNI-51, located in the eastern Kimberley region of tropical Western Australia, represent the first absolute-dated, high-resolution speleothem record of the Holocene Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon (IASM) from the Australian tropics. Stalagmite oxygen isotopic values track monsoon intensity via amount effects in precipitation and reveal a dynamic Holocene IASM which strengthened in the early Holocene, decreased in strength by 4 ka, with a further decrease from 2 to 1 ka, before strengthening again at 1 ka to years to levels similar to those between 4 and 2 ka. The relationships between the KNI-51 IASM reconstruction and those from published speleothem time series from Flores and Borneo, in combination with other data sets, appear largely inconsistent with changes in the position and/or organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Instead, we argue that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have played a dominant role in driving IASM variability since at least the middle Holocene. Given the muted modern monsoon rainfall responses to most El Nino events in the Kimberley, an impact of ENSO on regional monsoon precipitation over northwestern Australia would suggest non-stationarity in the long-term relationship between ENSO forcing and IASM rainfall, possibly due to changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific over the Holocene. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Published_Title: Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 6 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/srep34485 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The seasonal north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) defines the tropical rain belt (TRB), a region of enormous terrestrial and marine biodiversity and home to 40% of people on Earth. The TRB is dynamic and has been shown to shift south as a coherent system during periods of Northern Hemisphere cooling. However, recent studies of Indo-Pacific hydroclimate suggest that during the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1400-1850), the TRB in this region contracted rather than being displaced uniformly southward. This behaviour is not well understood, particularly during climatic fluctuations less pronounced than those of the LIA, the largest centennial-scale cool period of the last millennium. Here we show that the Indo-Pacific TRB expanded and contracted numerous times over multi-decadal to centennial scales during the last 3,000 yr. By integrating precisely-dated stalagmite records of tropical hydroclimate from southern China with a newly enhanced stalagmite time series from northern Australia, our study reveals a previously unidentified coherence between the austral and boreal summer monsoon. State-of-the-art climate model simulations of the last millennium suggest these are linked to changes in the structure of the regional manifestation of the atmosphere's meridional circulation. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Published_Title: Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 112 # Pages: 4576-4581 # Issue: 15 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422270112 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Assessing temporal variability in extreme rainfall events before the historical era is complicated by the sparsity of long-term "direct" storm proxies. Here we present a 2,200-y-long, accurate, and precisely dated record of cave flooding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analysis of meteorological data and sediment layers within stalagmites, as representing a proxy for extreme rainfall events derived primarily from tropical cyclones (TCs) and secondarily from the regional summer monsoon. This time series reveals substantial multicentennial variability in extreme rainfall, with elevated occurrence rates characterizing the twentieth century, 850-1450 CE (Common Era), and 50-400 CE; reduced activity marks 1450-1650 CE and 500-850 CE. These trends are similar to reconstructed numbers of TCs in the North Atlantic and Caribbean basins, and they form temporal and spatial patterns best explained by secular changes in the dominant mode of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of modern TC variability. We thus attribute long-term shifts in cyclogenesis in both the central Australian and North Atlantic sectors over the past two millennia to entrenched El Niño or La Niña states of the tropical Pacific. The influence of ENSO on monsoon precipitation in this region of northwest Australia is muted, but ENSO-driven changes to the monsoon may have complemented changes to TC activity. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1103413 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cave KNI-51 # Location: Western Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Easternmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Westernmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNI-51-F-2016d18O # First_Year: 865 # Last_Year: 318 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples with asterisks were published in Denniston et al. (2015); all others reported in Denniston et al. (2013) # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 × 10−6 ± 4.4 × 10−6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Average crustal silicate ratio # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id material_dated depth_bot_mm 238U_ppm 232Th_ppb d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # KNI-51-F aragonite 609 8171 775 1330.4 2.3 0.008 0.00002 1438 55.0 388 1 327 1 # KNI-51-F aragonite 398 5017 8300 1342.8 2.3 0.013 0.00004 127 0.7 594 2 514 21 # KNI-51-F aragonite 307 5289 4522 1321.0 2.3 0.014 0.00003 270 2.4 660 2 589 11 # KNI-51-F aragonite 189 5223 3019 1340.7 2.3 0.016 0.00003 454 4.8 744 2 677 7 # KNI-51-F aragonite 124 6471 452 1341.3 2.3 0.017 0.00003 3965 257.7 786 2 725 2 # KNI-51-F aragonite 20 6188 3555 1349.1 2.4 0.020 0.00004 571 8.1 928 2 860 7 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,Stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from base ## mineral notes,,,,,speleothems,,,C,calcite or aragonite ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm mineral age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB KNI-51-F 0 aragonite 865 -6.20 KNI-51-F 5 aragonite 859 -5.56 KNI-51-F 10 aragonite 852 -6.67 KNI-51-F 15 aragonite 846 -5.97 KNI-51-F 20 aragonite 840 -7.67 KNI-51-F 25 aragonite 834 -6.30 KNI-51-F 30 aragonite 828 -6.57 KNI-51-F 35 aragonite 822 -5.56 KNI-51-F 40 aragonite 816 -5.98 KNI-51-F 45 aragonite 811 -6.13 KNI-51-F 50 aragonite 805 -5.88 KNI-51-F 55 aragonite 800 -6.09 KNI-51-F 60 aragonite 794 -6.94 KNI-51-F 65 aragonite 789 -6.73 KNI-51-F 70 aragonite 783 -6.79 KNI-51-F 75 aragonite 778 -6.40 KNI-51-F 80 aragonite 773 -6.85 KNI-51-F 85 aragonite 768 -6.47 KNI-51-F 90 aragonite 763 -6.59 KNI-51-F 95 aragonite 758 -6.54 KNI-51-F 100 aragonite 753 -7.78 KNI-51-F 105 aragonite 748 -6.79 KNI-51-F 110 aragonite 743 -6.88 KNI-51-F 115 aragonite 739 -7.21 KNI-51-F 120 aragonite 734 -7.21 KNI-51-F 125 aragonite 729 -7.57 KNI-51-F 130 aragonite 725 -8.04 KNI-51-F 140 aragonite 716 -7.61 KNI-51-F 145 aragonite 712 -7.27 KNI-51-F 150 aragonite 707 -7.14 KNI-51-F 155 aragonite 703 -7.23 KNI-51-F 160 aragonite 699 -8.26 KNI-51-F 165 aragonite 695 -7.75 KNI-51-F 170 aragonite 691 -8.48 KNI-51-F 175 aragonite 686 -7.84 KNI-51-F 180 aragonite 682 -8.03 KNI-51-F 185 aragonite 678 -7.16 KNI-51-F 190 aragonite 675 -8.00 KNI-51-F 195 aragonite 671 -6.99 KNI-51-F 200 aragonite 667 -7.63 KNI-51-F 205 aragonite 663 -7.19 KNI-51-F 210 aragonite 659 -8.21 KNI-51-F 215 aragonite 655 -7.44 KNI-51-F 220 aragonite 652 -7.32 KNI-51-F 225 aragonite 648 -8.03 KNI-51-F 230 aragonite 644 -7.84 KNI-51-F 235 aragonite 640 -7.54 KNI-51-F 240 aragonite 637 -6.99 KNI-51-F 245 aragonite 633 -7.24 KNI-51-F 250 aragonite 630 -7.52 KNI-51-F 255 aragonite 626 -7.36 KNI-51-F 260 aragonite 622 -6.95 KNI-51-F 265 aragonite 619 -7.41 KNI-51-F 270 aragonite 615 -7.93 KNI-51-F 275 aragonite 612 -6.67 KNI-51-F 280 aragonite 608 -7.30 KNI-51-F 285 aragonite 605 -7.02 KNI-51-F 290 aragonite 601 -7.32 KNI-51-F 295 aragonite 598 -6.78 KNI-51-F 300 aragonite 594 -6.64 KNI-51-F 305 aragonite 591 -6.98 KNI-51-F 310 aragonite 588 -7.14 KNI-51-F 315 aragonite 584 -6.70 KNI-51-F 320 aragonite 581 -6.93 KNI-51-F 325 aragonite 577 -7.01 KNI-51-F 330 aragonite 574 -6.87 KNI-51-F 335 aragonite 570 -6.57 KNI-51-F 340 aragonite 567 -6.55 KNI-51-F 345 aragonite 563 -6.93 KNI-51-F 350 aragonite 560 -6.06 KNI-51-F 355 aragonite 556 -6.43 KNI-51-F 360 aragonite 553 -6.43 KNI-51-F 365 aragonite 549 -5.83 KNI-51-F 370 aragonite 546 -7.08 KNI-51-F 375 aragonite 542 -6.02 KNI-51-F 380 aragonite 539 -6.89 KNI-51-F 385 aragonite 535 -6.17 KNI-51-F 390 aragonite 531 -6.91 KNI-51-F 395 aragonite 528 -6.68 KNI-51-F 400 aragonite 524 -6.94 KNI-51-F 405 aragonite 521 -6.08 KNI-51-F 410 aragonite 517 -6.91 KNI-51-F 415 aragonite 513 -6.50 KNI-51-F 420 aragonite 509 -6.56 KNI-51-F 425 aragonite 506 -6.22 KNI-51-F 430 aragonite 502 -6.77 KNI-51-F 435 aragonite 498 -6.15 KNI-51-F 440 aragonite 494 -6.10 KNI-51-F 445 aragonite 490 -6.38 KNI-51-F 450 aragonite 486 -6.98 KNI-51-F 455 aragonite 482 -7.01 KNI-51-F 460 aragonite 478 -6.59 KNI-51-F 465 aragonite 474 -7.12 KNI-51-F 470 aragonite 470 -7.41 KNI-51-F 475 aragonite 466 -7.07 KNI-51-F 480 aragonite 461 -7.40 KNI-51-F 485 aragonite 457 -7.13 KNI-51-F 490 aragonite 453 -7.13 KNI-51-F 495 aragonite 448 -6.82 KNI-51-F 500 aragonite 444 -6.24 KNI-51-F 505 aragonite 439 -7.26 KNI-51-F 510 aragonite 435 -6.51 KNI-51-F 515 aragonite 430 -6.97 KNI-51-F 520 aragonite 426 -7.60 KNI-51-F 525 aragonite 421 -6.70 KNI-51-F 530 aragonite 416 -7.54 KNI-51-F 535 aragonite 411 -6.51 KNI-51-F 540 aragonite 406 -7.04 KNI-51-F 545 aragonite 401 -6.29 KNI-51-F 550 aragonite 396 -6.79 KNI-51-F 555 aragonite 391 -6.31 KNI-51-F 560 aragonite 386 -6.78 KNI-51-F 565 aragonite 381 -6.46 KNI-51-F 570 aragonite 375 -5.52 KNI-51-F 575 aragonite 370 -6.28 KNI-51-F 580 aragonite 364 -6.22 KNI-51-F 585 aragonite 359 -5.97 KNI-51-F 590 aragonite 353 -6.51 KNI-51-F 595 aragonite 347 -5.21 KNI-51-F 600 aragonite 342 -6.12 KNI-51-F 605 aragonite 336 -6.30 KNI-51-F 610 aragonite 330 -6.30 KNI-51-F 615 aragonite 324 -6.14 KNI-51-F 620 aragonite 318 -6.32