# Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20530 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20530.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/htg9-m613 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-G-2016d18o-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite KNI-51-G d18O Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-09-29 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-20 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); Ummenhofer, C.C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-3967); Wanamaker, A.D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6420); Lachniet, M.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Villarini, G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-2370); Asmerom, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1294); Polyak, V.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-1066); Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-875X); Woods, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-2218); Humphreys, W.F. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Note: d18O values for stalagmite KNI-51-10 have been decreased by 1 per mil. Provided Keywords: stalagmite, oxygen isotope, Australia, monsoon, tropical rain belt. # # Data file updated 7/26/2017. In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2. Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). In the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected. # # Additional assigned age corrections were made to this file 7-February-2018. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Published_Title: A Stalagmite Record of Holocene Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon Variability from the Australian Tropics # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: 78 # Pages: 155-168 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Oxygen isotopic data from a suite of calcite and aragonite stalagmites from cave KNI-51, located in the eastern Kimberley region of tropical Western Australia, represent the first absolute-dated, high-resolution speleothem record of the Holocene Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon (IASM) from the Australian tropics. Stalagmite oxygen isotopic values track monsoon intensity via amount effects in precipitation and reveal a dynamic Holocene IASM which strengthened in the early Holocene, decreased in strength by 4 ka, with a further decrease from 2 to 1 ka, before strengthening again at 1 ka to years to levels similar to those between 4 and 2 ka. The relationships between the KNI-51 IASM reconstruction and those from published speleothem time series from Flores and Borneo, in combination with other data sets, appear largely inconsistent with changes in the position and/or organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Instead, we argue that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have played a dominant role in driving IASM variability since at least the middle Holocene. Given the muted modern monsoon rainfall responses to most El Nino events in the Kimberley, an impact of ENSO on regional monsoon precipitation over northwestern Australia would suggest non-stationarity in the long-term relationship between ENSO forcing and IASM rainfall, possibly due to changes in the mean state of the tropical Pacific over the Holocene. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys # Journal_Name: Scientific Reports # Published_Title: Expansion and Contraction of the Indo-Pacific Tropical Rain Belt over the Last Three Millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 6 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/srep34485 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The seasonal north-south migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) defines the tropical rain belt (TRB), a region of enormous terrestrial and marine biodiversity and home to 40% of people on Earth. The TRB is dynamic and has been shown to shift south as a coherent system during periods of Northern Hemisphere cooling. However, recent studies of Indo-Pacific hydroclimate suggest that during the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1400-1850), the TRB in this region contracted rather than being displaced uniformly southward. This behaviour is not well understood, particularly during climatic fluctuations less pronounced than those of the LIA, the largest centennial-scale cool period of the last millennium. Here we show that the Indo-Pacific TRB expanded and contracted numerous times over multi-decadal to centennial scales during the last 3,000 yr. By integrating precisely-dated stalagmite records of tropical hydroclimate from southern China with a newly enhanced stalagmite time series from northern Australia, our study reveals a previously unidentified coherence between the austral and boreal summer monsoon. State-of-the-art climate model simulations of the last millennium suggest these are linked to changes in the structure of the regional manifestation of the atmosphere's meridional circulation. #-------------------- # Authors: Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Published_Title: Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 112 # Pages: 4576-4581 # Issue: 15 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422270112 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Assessing temporal variability in extreme rainfall events before the historical era is complicated by the sparsity of long-term "direct" storm proxies. Here we present a 2,200-y-long, accurate, and precisely dated record of cave flooding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analysis of meteorological data and sediment layers within stalagmites, as representing a proxy for extreme rainfall events derived primarily from tropical cyclones (TCs) and secondarily from the regional summer monsoon. This time series reveals substantial multicentennial variability in extreme rainfall, with elevated occurrence rates characterizing the twentieth century, 850-1450 CE (Common Era), and 50-400 CE; reduced activity marks 1450-1650 CE and 500-850 CE. These trends are similar to reconstructed numbers of TCs in the North Atlantic and Caribbean basins, and they form temporal and spatial patterns best explained by secular changes in the dominant mode of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of modern TC variability. We thus attribute long-term shifts in cyclogenesis in both the central Australian and North Atlantic sectors over the past two millennia to entrenched El Niño or La Niña states of the tropical Pacific. The influence of ENSO on monsoon precipitation in this region of northwest Australia is muted, but ENSO-driven changes to the monsoon may have complemented changes to TC activity. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1103413 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cave KNI-51 # Location: Western Australia # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.18 # Easternmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Westernmost_Longitude: 128.37 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KNI-51-G-2016d18O # First_Year: 640 # Last_Year: 312 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: Samples with asterisks were published in Denniston et al. (2015); all others reported in Denniston et al. (2013) # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 × 10−6 ± 4.4 × 10−6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Average crustal silicate ratio # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id material_dated depth_bot_mm 238U_ppm 232Th_ppb d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # KNI-51-G aragonite 632 6024 1393 1334.9 2.3 0.008 0.00003 574 15.0 377 2 314 3 # KNI-51-G aragonite 575 11955 2248 1176.8 2.2 0.008 0.00003 699 9.2 400 1 338 3 # KNI-51-G aragonite 496 5886 604 1168.9 2.2 0.009 0.00003 1401 78.3 440 1 378 2 # KNI-51-G aragonite 389 5613 921 1145.1 2.1 0.010 0.00002 980 31.2 497 1 435 3 # KNI-51-G aragonite 222 4187 1482 1210.8 2.2 0.012 0.00004 537 12.1 571 2 506 5 # KNI-51-G aragonite 108 3281 8510 1146.7 2.2 0.013 0.00003 82 0.2 660 2 565 35 # KNI-51-G aragonite 5 4836 6182 1053.1 2.1 0.013 0.00004 171 1.1 706 2 628 18 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,Stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from base ## mineral notes,,,,,speleothems,,,C,calcite or aragonite ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm mineral age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB KNI-51-G 0 aragonite 640 -7.25 KNI-51-G 20 aragonite 628 -6.24 KNI-51-G 25 aragonite 625 -6.49 KNI-51-G 30 aragonite 622 -6.75 KNI-51-G 35 aragonite 619 -6.48 KNI-51-G 40 aragonite 616 -6.65 KNI-51-G 45 aragonite 613 -6.17 KNI-51-G 50 aragonite 610 -6.52 KNI-51-G 55 aragonite 607 -6.61 KNI-51-G 60 aragonite 604 -6.84 KNI-51-G 65 aragonite 601 -6.31 KNI-51-G 70 aragonite 598 -6.09 KNI-51-G 75 aragonite 595 -6.28 KNI-51-G 80 aragonite 592 -7.26 KNI-51-G 85 aragonite 589 -6.46 KNI-51-G 90 aragonite 586 -6.37 KNI-51-G 100 aragonite 581 -7.13 KNI-51-G 105 aragonite 578 -6.02 KNI-51-G 110 aragonite 575 -5.60 KNI-51-G 115 aragonite 572 -6.52 KNI-51-G 120 aragonite 569 -6.52 KNI-51-G 125 aragonite 566 -6.20 KNI-51-G 130 aragonite 564 -6.27 KNI-51-G 135 aragonite 561 -6.21 KNI-51-G 140 aragonite 558 -6.90 KNI-51-G 145 aragonite 555 -6.02 KNI-51-G 150 aragonite 552 -5.76 KNI-51-G 155 aragonite 550 -5.77 KNI-51-G 160 aragonite 547 -6.66 KNI-51-G 165 aragonite 544 -5.97 KNI-51-G 170 aragonite 542 -5.72 KNI-51-G 175 aragonite 539 -6.27 KNI-51-G 180 aragonite 536 -6.13 KNI-51-G 185 aragonite 533 -6.02 KNI-51-G 190 aragonite 531 -5.38 KNI-51-G 195 aragonite 528 -6.11 KNI-51-G 200 aragonite 525 -6.98 KNI-51-G 205 aragonite 523 -5.51 KNI-51-G 210 aragonite 520 -5.72 KNI-51-G 215 aragonite 517 -6.42 KNI-51-G 220 aragonite 515 -6.39 KNI-51-G 225 aragonite 512 -5.60 KNI-51-G 230 aragonite 510 -6.28 KNI-51-G 231 aragonite 509 -6.55 KNI-51-G 232 aragonite 509 -5.80 KNI-51-G 233 aragonite 508 -6.64 KNI-51-G 234 aragonite 508 -7.11 KNI-51-G 235 aragonite 507 -7.20 KNI-51-G 236 aragonite 507 -6.93 KNI-51-G 237 aragonite 506 -7.26 KNI-51-G 238 aragonite 505 -7.18 KNI-51-G 240 aragonite 504 -7.07 KNI-51-G 241 aragonite 504 -6.58 KNI-51-G 242 aragonite 503 -7.15 KNI-51-G 243 aragonite 503 -7.27 KNI-51-G 244 aragonite 502 -7.16 KNI-51-G 245 aragonite 502 -6.94 KNI-51-G 246 aragonite 501 -6.77 KNI-51-G 247 aragonite 501 -6.37 KNI-51-G 248 aragonite 500 -6.97 KNI-51-G 249 aragonite 500 -6.96 KNI-51-G 250 aragonite 499 -6.68 KNI-51-G 251 aragonite 499 -6.55 KNI-51-G 252 aragonite 498 -6.49 KNI-51-G 253 aragonite 498 -6.39 KNI-51-G 254 aragonite 497 -6.72 KNI-51-G 255 aragonite 497 -6.66 KNI-51-G 260 aragonite 494 -6.86 KNI-51-G 265 aragonite 492 -6.45 KNI-51-G 270 aragonite 489 -6.41 KNI-51-G 275 aragonite 487 -6.93 KNI-51-G 280 aragonite 484 -7.38 KNI-51-G 285 aragonite 481 -7.26 KNI-51-G 290 aragonite 479 -6.70 KNI-51-G 295 aragonite 476 -7.05 KNI-51-G 300 aragonite 474 -7.14 KNI-51-G 305 aragonite 471 -7.17 KNI-51-G 310 aragonite 469 -6.94 KNI-51-G 315 aragonite 466 -7.29 KNI-51-G 320 aragonite 464 -7.59 KNI-51-G 325 aragonite 461 -6.37 KNI-51-G 330 aragonite 459 -6.53 KNI-51-G 335 aragonite 457 -6.40 KNI-51-G 340 aragonite 454 -6.77 KNI-51-G 345 aragonite 452 -6.65 KNI-51-G 350 aragonite 449 -7.34 KNI-51-G 355 aragonite 447 -7.43 KNI-51-G 360 aragonite 444 -7.26 KNI-51-G 365 aragonite 442 -6.69 KNI-51-G 370 aragonite 439 -6.60 KNI-51-G 375 aragonite 437 -6.79 KNI-51-G 380 aragonite 434 -6.46 KNI-51-G 385 aragonite 432 -7.27 KNI-51-G 390 aragonite 430 -6.73 KNI-51-G 395 aragonite 427 -6.35 KNI-51-G 400 aragonite 425 -7.11 KNI-51-G 405 aragonite 422 -6.77 KNI-51-G 410 aragonite 420 -6.69 KNI-51-G 415 aragonite 418 -6.92 KNI-51-G 420 aragonite 415 -7.16 KNI-51-G 425 aragonite 413 -6.95 KNI-51-G 430 aragonite 410 -6.55 KNI-51-G 435 aragonite 408 -6.33 KNI-51-G 440 aragonite 406 -6.63 KNI-51-G 445 aragonite 403 -7.26 KNI-51-G 450 aragonite 401 -6.72 KNI-51-G 455 aragonite 398 -6.76 KNI-51-G 460 aragonite 396 -6.81 KNI-51-G 465 aragonite 394 -7.11 KNI-51-G 470 aragonite 391 -7.25 KNI-51-G 475 aragonite 389 -6.67 KNI-51-G 480 aragonite 386 -6.16 KNI-51-G 485 aragonite 384 -6.52 KNI-51-G 490 aragonite 382 -6.84 KNI-51-G 495 aragonite 379 -6.49 KNI-51-G 500 aragonite 377 -6.35 KNI-51-G 505 aragonite 375 -6.53 KNI-51-G 510 aragonite 372 -6.42 KNI-51-G 515 aragonite 370 -7.06 KNI-51-G 520 aragonite 367 -7.11 KNI-51-G 525 aragonite 365 -6.41 KNI-51-G 530 aragonite 363 -6.39 KNI-51-G 535 aragonite 360 -7.22 KNI-51-G 540 aragonite 358 -7.21 KNI-51-G 545 aragonite 355 -6.43 KNI-51-G 550 aragonite 353 -6.36 KNI-51-G 555 aragonite 351 -6.56 KNI-51-G 560 aragonite 348 -7.38 KNI-51-G 565 aragonite 346 -6.83 KNI-51-G 570 aragonite 343 -7.39 KNI-51-G 575 aragonite 341 -6.71 KNI-51-G 580 aragonite 339 -6.64 KNI-51-G 585 aragonite 336 -6.85 KNI-51-G 590 aragonite 334 -7.16 KNI-51-G 595 aragonite 331 -6.95 KNI-51-G 600 aragonite 329 -6.51 KNI-51-G 605 aragonite 327 -6.41 KNI-51-G 610 aragonite 324 -6.63 KNI-51-G 615 aragonite 322 -6.88 KNI-51-G 620 aragonite 319 -6.95 KNI-51-G 625 aragonite 317 -6.63 KNI-51-G 630 aragonite 314 -7.09 KNI-51-G 635 aragonite 312 -7.43