8.2k Event Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: 8.2k Event Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Cheng, H., D. Fleitmann, R.L. Edwards, X. Wang, F.W. Cruz, A.S. Auler, A. Mangini, Y. Wang, X. Kong, S.J. Burns, A. Matter IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-074 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Cheng, H., et al. 2010. 8.2k Event Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-074. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Cheng, H., D. Fleitmann, R.L. Edwards, X. Wang, F.W. Cruz, A.S. Auler, A. Mangini, Y. Wang, X. Kong, S.J. Burns, and A. Matter. 2009. Timing and structure of the 8.2 kyr B.P. event inferred from d18O records of stalagmites from China, Oman, and Brazil. Geology, Vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 1007–1010, November 2009. doi: 10.1130/G30126A.1 ABSTRACT: Oxygen isotope records of stalagmites from China and Oman reveal a weak summer monsoon event, with a double-plunging structure, that started 8.21 ± 0.02 kyr B.P. An identical but antiphased pattern is also evident in two stalagmite records from eastern Brazil, indicating that the South American Summer Monsoon was intensified during the 8.2 kyr B.P. event. These records demonstrate that the event was of global extent and synchronous within dating errors of <50 years. In comparison with recent model simulations, it is plausible that the 8.2 kyr B.P. event can be tied in changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation triggered by a glacial lake draining event. This, in turn, affected North Atlantic climate and latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, resulting in the observed low-latitude monsoonal precipitation patterns. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global PERIOD OF RECORD: ~ 7.7 and 8.5 kyr B.P. YrBP FUNDING SOURCES: Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation (CC8), U.S. National Science Foundation (0214041, 0116395, and 023239), Natural Science Foundation of China (40631003), Swiss National Science Foundation (PP002-110554/1) DESCRIPTION: Oxygen isotope data from six stalagmites in China, the Middle East, and South America over the 8.2k Climate Event. The stalagmites are from Dongge Cave, southern China (D4 and DA, 25°17'N, 108°5'E), Qunf Cave, Oman (Q5, 17°10'N, 54°18'E), Hoti Cave, Oman (H14, 23°05'N, 57°21'E), Padre Cave (PAD07, 13°13'S, 44°3'W), eastern Brazil, and Paixão Cave (PX5, 12°39'S, 41°3'W), eastern Brazil DATA: Table DR1. 230Th dating results. All errors are reported at the 2sigma level of uncertainty. Sample Number Depth to top 238U 232Th 230Th/232Th d234U* 230Th/238U Age (yr) Age (yr) d234U initial Age (yr BP)* (mm) (ppb) (ppt) (atomic x 10-6) measured activity uncorrected corrected corrected corrected Dongge Cave, China (D4) D4-4 1402 356 ±0.5 62 ±5 6700 ±600 -26 ±1.8 0.06977 ±0.00046 8101 ±58 8091 ±58 -26.6 ±1.9 8035 ±58 D4-9 n 1404 388 ±0.1 89 ±4 5000 ±200 -23.9 ±1.2 0.07009 ±0.00014 8120 ±19 8108 ±21 -24.5 ±1.2 8052 ±21 D4-1 1410 497.2 ±0.8 468 ±6 1240 ±20 -26.3 ±1.5 0.07063 ±0.00035 8206 ±44 8157 ±54 -26.9 ±1.6 8101 ±54 D4-8 n 1425 493.8 ±0.1 191 ±5 3020 ±80 -28.8 ±0.5 0.07065 ±0.00016 8232 ±20 8212 ±24 -29.5 ±0.5 8156 ±24 D4-10 n 1447 370.5 ±0.1 143 ±5 3100 ±100 -13.2 ±0.7 0.07259 ±0.00017 8326 ±21 8306 ±25 -13.5 ±0.7 8250 ±25 D4-5 1452 333 ±0.4 67 ±4 6000 ±400 -9.8 ±2.0 0.07293 ±0.00045 8336 ±56 8326 ±57 -10.1 ±2.0 8270 ±57 D4-2 1462 463.5 ±0.7 329 ±6 1700 ±30 -10.7 ±1.5 0.07333 ±0.00036 8391 ±45 8354 ±51 -10.9 ±1.5 8298 ±51 D4-6 1470 305.1 ±0.3 170 ±3 2150 ±40 -18.9 ±1.7 0.07262 ±0.00038 8379 ±48 8350 ±51 -19.3 ±1.7 8294 ±51 D4-11 n 1492 359.8 ±0.1 96 ±4 4600 ±200 -10.1 ±0.7 0.07382 ±0.00016 8444 ±20 8430 ±22 -10.3 ±0.7 8374 ±22 D4-3 1497 434.6 ±0.6 232 ±6 2280 ±60 -8.9 ±1.4 0.07389 ±0.00035 8443 ±43 8416 ±47 -9.2 ±1.4 8360 ±47 D4-7 1522 359.8 ±0.4 199 ±6 2220 ±70 -12.3 ±1.6 0.07444 ±0.00043 8539 ±53 8510 ±56 -12.6 ±1.7 8454 ±56 D4-12 n 1545 384.8 ±0.1 140 ±3 3400 ±80 -10.4 ±0.6 0.07518 ±0.00015 8609 ±19 8590 ±22 -10.7 ±0.6 8534 ±22 Dongge Cave, China (DA) DA5-13 858.5 586.3 ±0.8 570 ±5 1140 ±10 -69.9 ±1.7 0.06679 ±0.00033 8126 ±44 8073 ±56 -71.5 ±1.7 8018 ±56 DA5-6 859 545.6 ±0.7 200 ±10 2900 ±200 -72.9 ±1.1 0.06594 ±0.00048 8046 ±61 8025 ±63 -74.5 ±1.2 7970 ±63 DA5-5 865.1 615.3 ±0.8 590 ±10 1150 ±30 -75.3 ±1.2 0.06705 ±0.00051 8209 ±66 8156 ±75 -77.1 ±1.2 8101 ±75 DA-17 n 865.5 752.3 ±0.1 689 ±5 1210 ±10 -74.8 ±0.7 0.06703 ±0.00015 8201 ±20 8151 ±32 -76.5 ±0.7 8096 ±32 DA5-4 871.2 516.2 ±0.8 340 ±10 1710 ±60 -75.6 ±1.3 0.06747 ±0.00071 8265 ±91 8229 ±94 -77.3 ±1.4 8174 ±94 DA5-7 876.5 490.1 ±0.6 329 ±6 1670 ±30 -74 ±1.2 0.06797 ±0.00039 8314 ±50 8277 ±56 -75.8 ±1.2 8222 ±56 DA5-8 876.5 610.6 ±0.7 394 ±6 1730 ±30 -78 ±1.1 0.06756 ±0.00041 8300 ±53 8264 ±58 -79.9 ±1.2 8209 ±58 DA-15 n 879.5 690.7 ±0.1 538 ±5 1440 ±10 -73.6 ±1.3 0.06816 ±0.00015 8334 ±22 8291 ±31 -75.3 ±1.3 8236 ±31 DA5-3 880.5 601.8 ±0.8 290 ±10 2400 ±100 -78.2 ±1.2 0.06771 ±0.00048 8320 ±63 8294 ±65 -80.1 ±1.2 8239 ±65 DA5-2 881.5 495.7 ±0.7 460 ±10 1220 ±30 -72.1 ±1.2 0.06847 ±0.00049 8360 ±63 8309 ±71 -73.9 ±1.2 8254 ±71 DA5-1 882.5 563.9 ±0.8 470 ±10 1350 ±40 -79.7 ±1.3 0.06795 ±0.00052 8365 ±68 8319 ±74 -81.6 ±1.3 8264 ±74 DA5-11 882.5 546.3 ±0.6 623 ±5 1000 ±10 -74 ±1.3 0.06881 ±0.00037 8420 ±48 8357 ±63 -75.7 ±1.4 8302 ±63 Qunf Cave, Oman (Q5) Q5-15 n 2 659.6 ±0.8 250 ±10 2800 ±100 -83.1 ±1.6 0.06592 ±0.00027 8138 ±37 8125 ±38 -85.1 ±1.6 8069 ±38 Q5-14 n 7 646 ±0.7 290 ±10 2500 ±100 -75.9 ±1.4 0.06692 ±0.00026 8197 ±36 8183 ±36 -77.7 ±1.4 8127 ±36 Q5-19 n 11.5 739.4 ±0.7 870 ±10 950 ±10 -71 ±1.4 0.06763 ±0.00013 8242 ±21 8205 ±28 -72.7 ±1.4 8149 ±28 Q5-6 n 17 492.1 ±0.1 295 ±4 1840 ±20 -79.3 ±0.4 0.06695 ±0.00015 8234 ±19 8215 ±21 -81.2 ±0.4 8159 ±21 Q5-10 n 26 593 ±0.9 970 ±10 681 ±9 -84.9 ±1.8 0.06758 ±0.00022 8368 ±33 8316 ±42 -86.9 ±1.8 8260 ±42 Q5-7 n 27 632.8 ±0.1 530 ±6 1340 ±20 -83.3 ±0.6 0.06791 ±0.00015 8395 ±20 8369 ±24 -85.3 ±0.6 8313 ±24 Q5-20 n 28 661.1 ±0.7 200 ±10 3800 ±200 -83.1 ±1.4 0.06804 ±0.00015 8410 ±24 8400 ±24 -85.1 ±1.4 8344 ±24 Q5-21 n 36.5 698.1 ±0.6 3350 ±40 242 ±3 -71.2 ±1.5 0.07037 ±0.00018 8592 ±27 8441 ±80 -72.9 ±1.5 8385 ±80 Q5-8 n 40.5 703 ±0.1 1350 ±10 598 ±6 -80.4 ±0.4 0.06949 ±0.00014 8570 ±18 8509 ±35 -82.3 ±0.4 8453 ±35 Paixão Cave, Brazil (PX5) PX-6 n 91 1884 ±2 217 ±5 24500 ±600 1363 ±2 0.17128 ±0.00028 8150 ±17 8149 ±17 1394.4 ±2.5 8091 ±17 PX-7 n 94 1382 ±1 136 ±3 28900 ±700 1381 ±2 0.17287 ±0.00028 8162 ±16 8161 ±16 1413.3 ±2.3 8103 ±16 PX-8 n 97 1610 ±2 232 ±5 19900 ±400 1392 ±2 0.17435 ±0.00029 8194 ±17 8192 ±17 1425 ±2.5 8134 ±17 PX-9 n 100.5 2094 ±3 82 ±2 74600 ±2200 1405 ±3 0.17617 ±0.00032 8238 ±18 8237 ±18 1437.9 ±2.7 8179 ±18 PX-11 n 104 2456 ±3 110 ±3 65200 ±1700 1408 ±3 0.17715 ±0.00033 8275 ±19 8274 ±19 1441.2 ±2.6 8216 ±19 Hoti Cave, Oman (H14) H14-10 n 160.9 1696.1 ±0.5 584 ±8 5300 ±100 599.9 ±0.4 0.11026 ±0.00034 7764 ±25 7758 ±25 613.2 ±0.4 7702 ±25 H14-9 n 166.3 1786.9 ±0.5 796 ±8 4100 ±40 596.4 ±0.6 0.11066 ±0.00032 7812 ±23 7804 ±24 609.7 ±0.6 7748 ±24 H14-8 n 201.2 1700.4 ±0.5 285 ±8 11100 ±300 605.9 ±0.6 0.11253 ±0.00036 7899 ±26 7896 ±26 619.6 ±0.6 7840 ±26 H14-7 n 215.9 1896.2 ±0.5 118 ±9 30000 ±2200 602.2 ±0.4 0.11268 ±0.00034 7929 ±25 7928 ±25 615.9 ±0.4 7872 ±25 H14-6 n 238.3 1616 ±0.4 222 ±7 13800 ±400 606 ±0.5 0.11434 ±0.00033 8029 ±24 8027 ±24 619.9 ±0.5 7971 ±24 H14-15 n 249.2 1739.4 ±0.1 635 ±6 5140 ±50 588.7 ±0.3 0.1138 ±0.00021 8063 ±15 8056 ±16 602.2 ±0.3 8000 ±15 H14-18 n 272.2 1507.1 ±0.1 114 ±6 25000 ±1300 593.3 ±0.5 0.11491 ±0.00019 8119 ±14 8118 ±14 607.1 ±0.5 8062 ±14 H14-5 n 275.9 1543 ±0.4 665 ±9 4430 ±60 578.4 ±0.5 0.1156 ±0.00036 8269 ±27 8261 ±27 592 ±0.5 8205 ±27 H14-19 n 276 1151.5 ±0.1 314 ±6 7000 ±130 577.9 ±0.4 0.11578 ±0.00019 8266 ±14 8261 ±15 591.6 ±0.4 8205 ±15 H14-4 n 296 2117.9 ±0.6 302 ±7 13600 ±300 589.2 ±0.4 0.11716 ±0.00031 8325 ±23 8323 ±23 603.2 ±0.4 8267 ±23 H14-13 n 300 1849.8 ±0.1 1071 ±5 3300 ±20 566.7 ±0.4 0.11607 ±0.00022 8349 ±17 8338 ±17 580.3 ±0.4 8282 ±17 H14-12 n 324.9 1270.8 ±0.1 1940 ±5 1272 ±4 568.7 ±0.5 0.11791 ±0.00021 8475 ±16 8447 ±21 582.4 ±0.6 8391 ±21 H14-3 n 338.1 1851.6 ±0.5 944 ±9 3790 ±40 556.1 ±0.8 0.11696 ±0.00030 8495 ±23 8485 ±24 569.6 ±0.8 8429 ±24 H14-2 n 361.8 1976.7 ±0.6 10680 ±20 366 ±1 561.6 ±0.6 0.11979 ±0.00035 8676 ±26 8576 ±57 575.4 ±0.6 8520 ±57 H14-16 n 371.9 1764.3 ±0.1 700 ±30 5000 ±200 564.7 ±0.3 0.11929 ±0.00021 8601 ±16 8593 ±16 578.6 ±0.3 8537 ±16 H14-1 n 384.7 1939.8 ±0.6 1610 ±10 2370 ±20 552.4 ±0.5 0.11884 ±0.00037 8658 ±28 8642 ±29 566 ±0.5 8586 ±29 Padre Cave, Brazil (PAD07) B2-8 131 652.9 ±0.8 440 ±20 3100 ±100 905.3 ±2.0 0.12761 ±0.00066 7514 ±41 7503 ±41 924.7 ±2.1 7448 ±41 B2-16 n 166 782.9 ±0.1 113 ±5 14600 ±700 865.9 ±0.8 0.12802 ±0.00023 7704 ±15 7701 ±15 885 ±0.8 7645 ±15 B2-7 190 1080 ±2 290 ±10 7600 ±300 770.2 ±2.1 0.12296 ±0.00046 7804 ±32 7800 ±32 787.3 ±2.1 7745 ±32 B2-15 n 211 789.6 ±0.1 104 ±4 15700 ±600 790.6 ±0.9 0.12538 ±0.00022 7869 ±15 7867 ±15 808.3 ±0.9 7811 ±15 B2-6-II 237 979 ±1 130 ±10 16500 ±1500 879.1 ±1.5 0.13355 ±0.00056 7988 ±36 7986 ±36 899.2 ±1.6 7931 ±36 B2-14 n 256 724.5 ±0.1 100 ±5 15300 ±700 837.2 ±1.0 0.13273 ±0.00020 8126 ±14 8124 ±14 856.6 ±1.0 8068 ±14 B2-21 n 267 979.3 ±0.8 240 ±10 8700 ±400 785.2 ±2.1 0.1296 ±0.00022 8168 ±17 8164 ±17 803.6 ±2.1 8108 ±17 B2-5 274 856 ±1 260 ±10 7300 ±400 814.9 ±2.1 0.13255 ±0.00055 8218 ±37 8214 ±37 834 ±2.1 8159 ±37 B2-13 n 279 890.4 ±0.1 220 ±4 7000 ±200 809.9 ±0.5 0.13207 ±0.00018 8211 ±12 8207 ±12 828.9 ±0.5 8152 ±12 B2-9 285 1009 ±1 883 ±5 2400 ±20 731.3 ±1.7 0.12704 ±0.00040 8261 ±28 8246 ±29 748.6 ±1.7 8191 ±29 B2-12 n 291 918.1 ±0.1 493 ±3 3960 ±20 759 ±0.4 0.12917 ±0.00021 8266 ±14 8258 ±14 776.9 ±0.4 8203 ±15 B2-4 311 505.9 ±0.7 130 ±20 9400 ±1100 916.2 ±2.7 0.14238 ±0.00073 8363 ±46 8359 ±46 938.1 ±2.8 8304 ±46 B2-11 n 318 667.2 ±0.1 160 ±3 9500 ±200 859.5 ±0.5 0.13837 ±0.00021 8377 ±13 8374 ±13 880.1 ±0.6 8319 ±13 B2-3 337 850 ±1 230 ±20 8300 ±600 800.6 ±2.0 0.13411 ±0.00056 8387 ±38 8382 ±38 819.8 ±2.0 8327 ±38 B2-10 n 353 776.9 ±0.2 1390 ±4 1323 ±6 900.4 ±0.6 0.14331 ±0.00043 8492 ±26 8465 ±30 922.2 ±0.6 8410 ±30 B2-2 362 946 ±1 3390 ±20 663 ±4 902.7 ±2.0 0.14405 ±0.00057 8527 ±36 8473 ±45 924.5 ±2.0 8418 ±45 B2-1 398 908 ±1 2440 ±10 886 ±6 892.9 ±2.2 0.14457 ±0.00057 8605 ±36 8564 ±42 914.8 ±2.2 8509 ±42 Corrected 230Th ages of stalagmites Q5, H14 and PAD0 assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 ±2.2 x10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. Corrected 230Th ages of stalagmite D4 and DA assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 7 ±5 x10-6 according to ref. S2. A.D. **B.P. stands for “Before Present” where the “Present” is defined as the year 1950 * Measured on a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (MC-ICPMS) (Thermo-Finnigan Neptune) and the rest on an ICPMS (Thermo-Finnigan Element). Table DR2. Oxygen isotopic data Stalagmites D and DA from Dongge Cave, China, Q5 from Qunf Cave, Oman; H14 Hoti Cave, Oman, PAD07 from Padre Cave, Brazil and PX5 from Paixão Cave, Brazil. Depths measured along the growth axis are relative to the top (youngest surface) of stalagmites D4, DA, H14 and PAD07, and relative to first ?18O point of stalagmite Q5. Ages are established using 230Th ages (see Table S1, and method descriptions). "BP" stands for “Before Present” where the “Present” is defined as the year 1950 A.D. Column 1: Depth (mm) Column 2: Age (yr BP) Column 3: d18O, per mil VPDB 1. Dongge Cave, China (D4) Depth Age d18O 1395 7992 -8.96 1396 7999 -9.2 1397 8007 -8.91 1398 8014 -8.84 1400 8027 -8.91 1401 8034 -9.26 1402 8040 -9.01 1403 8047 -8.75 1405 8059 -8.82 1406 8066 -9.13 1407 8072 -8.7 1408 8078 -8.59 1409 8083 -8.95 1410 8089 -8.14 1411 8095 -8.63 1412 8100 -8.69 1413 8106 -8.8 1414.5 8114 -8.7 1415.5 8119 -8.61 1416 8122 -8.7 1417 8127 -8.8 1418 8132 -8.74 1419 8137 -8.71 1419.5 8139 -8.7 1420 8142 -8.93 1420.5 8144 -8.64 1421 8147 -8.47 1421.5 8149 -8.64 1422 8151 -8.86 1422.5 8154 -8.18 1423 8156 -8.26 1424 8161 -8.71 1424.5 8163 -8.71 1425 8165 -8.67 1425.5 8167 -8.58 1426 8170 -8.72 1426.5 8172 -8.61 1427 8174 -8.7 1427.5 8176 -8.83 1428 8178 -8.44 1429 8182 -8.45 1429.5 8184 -8.57 1430 8187 -8.68 1430.5 8189 -8.56 1431 8191 -8.57 1431.5 8193 -8.56 1432 8195 -8.69 1432.5 8197 -8.49 1433 8199 -8.51 1434 8202 -8.8 1434.5 8204 -8.96 1435 8206 -8.84 1435.5 8208 -8.71 1436 8210 -8.68 1436.5 8212 -8.65 1437 8214 -8.68 1437.5 8216 -8.76 1438 8217 -8.64 1438.5 8219 -8.76 1439 8221 -8.65 1439.5 8223 -9.02 1440 8224 -8.96 1440.5 8226 -8.96 1441 8228 -8.87 1441.5 8230 -8.86 1442 8231 -8.7 1442.5 8233 -9.13 1443 8235 -8.98 1443.5 8236 -9.02 1444 8238 -8.93 1444.5 8240 -8.76 1445 8241 -8.65 1445.5 8243 -8.97 1446 8244 -8.85 1446.5 8246 -9.08 1447 8248 -8.94 1447.5 8249 -8.8 1448 8251 -8.91 1448.5 8252 -8.97 1449 8254 -9.16 1449.5 8255 -9.13 1450 8257 -9.2 1450.5 8258 -9.04 1451 8260 -8.96 1451.5 8261 -9.26 1452 8263 -9.04 1452.5 8264 -8.98 1453 8266 -8.87 1453.5 8267 -9.11 1454 8269 -9.39 1454.5 8270 -9.27 1455 8271 -9.32 1455.5 8273 -9.06 1456 8274 -9.26 1456.5 8276 -9.21 1457 8277 -9.36 1457.5 8278 -9.41 1458 8280 -9.24 1458.5 8281 -8.94 1459 8282 -8.93 1459.5 8284 -8.9 1460 8285 -8.89 1460.5 8286 -8.93 1461 8288 -8.83 1461.5 8289 -8.96 1462 8290 -8.98 1462.5 8292 -9.02 1463 8293 -8.77 1463.5 8294 -8.95 1464 8296 -9.35 1464.5 8297 -9.42 1465 8298 -9.4 1465.5 8299 -9.19 1466 8301 -9.03 1466.5 8302 -9.31 1467 8303 -9.01 1467.5 8304 -9.14 1468 8306 -8.81 1468.5 8307 -9.33 1469 8308 -9.18 1469.5 8309 -8.8 1470 8310 -9.33 1470.5 8312 -8.69 1471 8313 -8.55 1471.5 8314 -8.7 1472 8315 -8.95 1472.5 8317 -8.83 1473 8318 -8.98 1473.5 8319 -9.4 1474 8320 -8.94 1474.5 8321 -8.8 1475 8322 -8.85 1475.5 8324 -9.02 1476 8325 -8.92 1476.5 8326 -9.29 1477 8327 -8.96 1477.5 8328 -8.97 1478 8330 -8.85 1478.5 8331 -8.91 1479 8332 -8.84 1480 8334 -9.13 1480.5 8335 -9.33 1481 8337 -9.39 1481.5 8338 -9.45 1482 8339 -9.14 1482.5 8340 -9.02 1483 8341 -9.15 1483.5 8342 -8.87 1484 8344 -8.76 1484.5 8345 -8.88 1485 8346 -8.73 1485.5 8347 -8.97 1486 8348 -8.88 1486.5 8349 -8.64 1487 8351 -8.91 1487.5 8352 -9.05 1488 8353 -8.84 1488.5 8354 -9.07 1489 8355 -9.2 1489.5 8356 -9.05 1490 8358 -8.87 1490.5 8359 -8.8 1491 8360 -8.63 1491.5 8361 -8.8 1492 8362 -8.84 1492.5 8363 -8.73 1493 8365 -8.95 1493.5 8366 -8.8 1494 8367 -9.03 1494.5 8368 -8.85 1495 8370 -8.91 1495.5 8371 -8.9 1496 8372 -8.82 1496.5 8373 -8.3 1497 8374 -8.31 1497.5 8376 -8.99 1498 8377 -8.91 1498.5 8378 -8.74 1499 8379 -8.71 1499.5 8381 -8.78 1500 8382 -8.56 1500.5 8383 -8.75 1501 8384 -8.71 1501.5 8386 -8.92 1502 8387 -9.01 1502.5 8388 -8.8 1503 8390 -9.24 1508 8403 -8.94 1513 8417 -9.07 1518 8432 -8.96 1523 8448 -9.07 1528 8466 -9.41 1533 8485 -9.2 2. Dongge Cave, China (DA) Depth Age d18O 858.5 7990 -8.79 858.8 7996 -8.64 859 8000 -8.72 859.3 8006 -8.65 859.5 8009 -8.81 859.8 8015 -8.78 860 8019 -8.78 860.3 8024 -8.71 860.5 8028 -8.84 860.8 8033 -8.73 861 8037 -8.7 861.3 8042 -8.64 861.5 8045 -8.81 861.8 8050 -8.65 862 8053 -8.78 862.3 8058 -8.62 862.5 8061 -8.62 862.8 8065 -8.57 863 8068 -8.37 863.3 8073 -7.94 863.5 8076 -7.96 863.8 8080 -7.97 864 8083 -8.1 864.3 8087 -8.21 864.5 8090 -8.28 864.8 8094 -8.27 865 8096 -8.4 865.3 8100 -8.53 865.5 8103 -8.41 865.8 8106 -8.39 866 8109 -8.25 866.3 8113 -8.43 866.5 8115 -8.5 866.8 8118 -8.49 867 8121 -8.37 867.3 8124 -8.57 867.5 8126 -8.49 867.8 8130 -8.41 868 8132 -8.34 868.3 8135 -8.51 868.5 8137 -8.35 868.8 8141 -8.47 869 8143 -8.48 869.3 8146 -8.55 869.5 8148 -8.5 869.8 8151 -8.57 870 8153 -8.37 870.3 8156 -8.78 870.5 8158 -8.33 870.8 8161 -8.66 871 8163 -8.42 871.3 8165 -8.66 871.5 8167 -8.56 871.8 8170 -8.69 872 8172 -8.34 872.3 8175 -8.48 872.5 8177 -8.26 872.8 8179 -8.64 873 8181 -8.48 873.5 8186 -8.49 873.7 8187 -8.19 874 8190 -8.38 874.2 8192 -8.22 874.5 8195 -8.27 874.7 8196 -8.27 875 8199 -8.13 875.2 8201 -8.27 875.5 8204 -8.14 875.7 8206 -8.28 876 8208 -8.48 876.2 8210 -8.16 876.5 8213 -8.24 876.7 8215 -8.24 877 8217 -8.2 877.2 8219 -8.39 877.5 8222 -8.26 877.7 8224 -8.19 878 8227 -8.45 878.2 8229 -8.35 878.5 8232 -8.35 878.7 8234 -8.27 879 8237 -8.3 879.2 8239 -8.48 879.5 8242 -8.41 879.7 8244 -8.43 880 8247 -8.48 880.2 8249 -8.61 880.5 8252 -8.45 880.7 8254 -8.53 881 8257 -8.46 881.2 8259 -8.48 881.5 8263 -8.51 881.7 8265 -8.52 882 8268 -8.64 882.5 8274 -8.67 882.5 8280 -8.63 882.5 8286 -8.75 882.5 8293 -8.78 882.5 8299 -8.77 882.5 8306 -8.78 882.5 8313 -8.8 882.5 8321 -8.88 883.5 8328 -8.99 884.5 8336 -8.88 885.5 8344 -8.98 3. Qunf Cave, Oman (Q5) Depth Age d18O 0 8030 -1.89 1 8050 -1.85 3 8088 -1.55 4.5 8108 -1.8 7 8127 -1.86 9.5 8138 -1.68 11.5 8149 -1.66 14.5 8154 -1.59 17 8159 -1.58 19.5 8193 -1.48 21.5 8226 -1.64 26 8260 -1.92 27 8313 -2.04 28 8344 -2.29 29.5 8354 -2.4 31 8365 -2.33 32.5 8375 -2.22 36.5 8385 -2.32 40.5 8453 -1.75 4. Hoti Cave, Oman (H14) Depth Age d18O 153.8 7678 -4.08 154.3 7680 -4.08 154.8 7682 -4.23 155.3 7684 -4.1 155.8 7687 -4.15 156.3 7689 -3.78 156.8 7691 -4 157.4 7693 -4.33 157.4 7695 -4.61 157.9 7697 -4.35 158.4 7698 -4.16 158.9 7700 -4.47 159.4 7702 -4.33 159.9 7704 -4.15 160.4 7705 -4.7 160.9 7707 -4.56 161.5 7710 -4.26 162 7713 -4.2 162.5 7716 -4.22 163.1 7719 -4.22 163.6 7721 -3.93 164.2 7724 -4.36 164.7 7727 -4.54 165.3 7730 -4.09 165.8 7732 -4.66 166.4 7734 -3.84 166.9 7736 -4.2 167.5 7738 -4.21 168 7741 -4.31 168.5 7743 -4.62 169.1 7745 -5.25 169.6 7747 -4.62 170.2 7749 -4.41 170.7 7752 -3.97 171.3 7755 -3.85 171.8 7758 -4.57 172.4 7761 -4.57 172.9 7765 -4.39 173.4 7768 -4.54 174 7771 -4.37 174.5 7774 -4.67 175.1 7777 -4.38 175.6 7779 -4.55 176.2 7780 -4.31 176.7 7782 -4.3 177.3 7784 -4.14 177.8 7786 -4.27 178.3 7787 -4.22 178.9 7789 -4.33 179.4 7791 -4.1 180 7792 -4.51 180.5 7794 -4.65 181.1 7796 -4.42 181.6 7797 -4.29 182.2 7799 -4.52 182.7 7801 -4.57 183.2 7802 -4.42 183.8 7804 -4.77 184.3 7806 -4.79 184.9 7807 -4.7 185.4 7809 -4.53 186 7810 -4.75 186.5 7812 -4.65 187.1 7813 -4.7 187.6 7815 -4.37 188.2 7816 -4.75 188.7 7818 -4.88 189.2 7819 -4.64 189.8 7821 -4.69 190.3 7822 -4.68 190.9 7824 -4.78 191.4 7825 -4.87 192 7827 -4.92 192.5 7829 -4.92 193.1 7830 -5.01 193.6 7832 -4.85 194.1 7834 -4.82 194.7 7835 -4.86 195.2 7837 -4.92 195.8 7839 -4.98 196.3 7840 -5.07 196.9 7842 -5.17 197.4 7844 -5.18 198 7846 -5.02 198.5 7847 -5.04 199 7849 -5.09 199.6 7851 -5.11 200.1 7853 -5.07 200.7 7854 -5.13 201.2 7856 -5.09 201.8 7857 -4.91 202.3 7859 -4.88 202.9 7860 -4.88 203.4 7862 -4.82 203.9 7863 -4.85 204.5 7865 -4.95 205 7866 -5.05 205.6 7868 -5 206.1 7869 -4.95 206.7 7871 -5.08 207.2 7872 -4.96 207.8 7874 -4.69 208.3 7875 -4.39 208.8 7877 -4.36 209.4 7878 -3.99 209.9 7880 -4.14 210.5 7881 -4.28 211 7883 -4.37 211.6 7885 -4.35 212.1 7887 -4.28 212.7 7889 -4.29 213.2 7891 -4.26 213.8 7892 -4.18 214.3 7894 -4.13 214.8 7896 -4.25 215.4 7898 -4.31 215.9 7900 -4.4 216.5 7902 -4.39 217 7904 -4.44 217.6 7905 -4.38 218.1 7907 -4.4 218.7 7909 -4.33 219.2 7911 -4.34 219.7 7912 -4.26 220.3 7914 -4.18 220.8 7916 -4.38 221.4 7917 -4.51 221.9 7919 -4.34 222.5 7920 -4.66 223 7922 -4.75 223.6 7923 -4.83 224.1 7925 -4.83 224.6 7926 -4.54 225.2 7928 -4.66 225.7 7929 -4.69 226.3 7931 -4.75 226.8 7932 -4.8 227.4 7934 -4.96 227.9 7935 -5.03 228.5 7937 -5.03 229 7938 -5.04 229.5 7940 -5.08 230.1 7941 -5.06 230.6 7942 -5.08 231.2 7944 -5.19 231.7 7945 -5.17 232.3 7946 -5.22 232.8 7948 -5.21 233.4 7949 -5.3 233.9 7950 -5.32 234.5 7952 -5.28 235 7953 -5.23 235.5 7954 -5.34 236.1 7956 -5.27 236.6 7957 -5.19 237.2 7958 -5.32 237.7 7960 -5.19 238.3 7961 -5.36 238.8 7962 -5.3 239.4 7963 -4.97 239.9 7965 -5.16 240.4 7966 -5.26 241 7967 -5.28 241.5 7969 -5.37 242.1 7970 -5.42 242.6 7971 -5.47 243.2 7973 -5.31 243.7 7974 -5.11 244.3 7975 -5.11 244.8 7977 -5.03 245.3 7978 -5.15 245.9 7980 -5.13 246.4 7981 -5.23 247 7983 -5.27 247.5 7985 -5.03 248.1 7986 -5.15 248.6 7988 -5.19 249.2 7990 -5.2 249.7 7991 -4.84 250.2 7993 -4.77 250.8 7995 -4.84 251.3 7996 -4.96 251.9 7998 -4.82 252.4 8000 -4.86 253 8001 -4.86 253.5 8003 -4.98 254.1 8005 -5 254.6 8006 -5.09 255.2 8008 -5.12 255.7 8010 -5.2 256.2 8012 -5.08 256.8 8013 -4.97 257.3 8015 -4.55 257.9 8017 -4.97 258.4 8019 -4.9 259 8021 -4.63 259.5 8022 -5.07 260.1 8024 -5.11 260.6 8026 -5.2 261.1 8028 -5.11 261.7 8030 -5.07 262.2 8031 -4.97 262.8 8033 -5.07 263.3 8035 -5.05 263.9 8037 -5.01 264.4 8038 -4.72 265 8040 -4.85 265.5 8042 -4.88 266 8044 -4.69 266.6 8045 -4.56 267.1 8047 -4.35 267.7 8049 -4.54 268.2 8051 -4.47 268.8 8053 -4.55 269.3 8055 -4.3 269.9 8056 -4.14 270.4 8058 -4.27 270.9 8060 -4.26 271.5 8062 -4.38 272 8064 -4.2 272.6 8065 -4.33 273.1 8067 -4.03 273.7 8069 -3.7 274.2 274.8 8193 -3.06 275.3 8196 -3.36 275.9 8199 -3.78 276.4 8203 -4.23 276.9 8206 -3.94 277.5 8209 -3.66 278 8212 -3.94 278.6 8215 -4.07 279.1 8219 -4.12 279.7 8222 -4.11 280.2 8225 -4.11 280.8 8227 -4.13 281.3 8229 -3.82 281.8 8230 -3.85 282.4 8232 -3.85 282.9 8234 -3.87 283.5 8236 -3.83 284 8237 -4.02 284.6 8239 -4.05 285.1 8241 -4.07 285.7 8243 -4.26 286.2 8244 -4.28 286.7 8246 -4.26 287.3 8247 -4.33 287.8 8249 -4.33 288.4 8250 -4.27 288.9 8252 -4.42 289.5 8253 -4.4 290 8255 -4.5 290.6 8257 -4.38 291.1 8259 -4.41 291.6 8260 -4.36 292.2 8262 -4.44 292.7 8264 -4.41 293.3 8266 -4.55 293.8 8268 -4.59 294.4 8269 -4.59 294.9 8271 -4.62 295.5 8273 -4.76 296 8274 -4.78 296.6 8276 -4.98 297.1 8277 -5.31 297.6 8279 -5.4 298.2 8280 -4.96 298.7 8282 -5.04 299.3 8283 -4.7 299.8 8285 -4.66 300.4 8286 -4.89 300.9 8288 -4.98 301.5 8289 -4.95 302 8291 -4.94 302.5 8292 -4.76 303.1 8294 -4.79 303.6 8296 -4.79 304.2 8297 -3.91 304.7 8299 -4.69 305.3 8300 -4.74 305.8 8302 -4.88 306.4 8304 -4.9 306.9 8306 -4.87 307.4 8308 -4.75 308 8310 -4.79 308.5 8312 -3.96 309.1 8314 -4.22 309.6 8316 -4.35 310.2 8318 -4.51 310.7 8320 -4.58 311.3 8322 -4.58 311.8 8324 -4.4 312.3 8326 -4.57 312.9 8328 -4.59 313.4 8330 -4.74 314 8332 -4.69 314.5 8334 -4.68 315.1 8336 -4.63 315.6 8338 -4.71 316.2 8339 -4.64 316.7 8341 -4.6 317.3 8343 -4.58 317.8 8344 -4.3 318.3 8346 -4.19 318.9 8348 -4.2 319.4 8349 -4.31 320 8351 -4.13 320.5 8353 -3.76 321.1 8354 -3.46 321.6 8358 -3.82 322.2 8362 -4.19 322.7 8366 -4.28 323.2 8370 -4.22 323.8 8374 -4.16 324.3 8378 -3.88 324.9 8381 -3.76 325.4 8385 -3.36 326 8389 -2.89 326.5 8393 -2.61 327.1 8395 -2.73 327.9 8397 -4.47 328.8 8399 -4.4 329.6 8401 -4.45 330.4 8403 -4.69 331.3 8405 -4.82 332.1 8407 -4.73 333 8409 -5.19 333.8 8411 -4.94 334.7 8413 -4.81 335.5 8415 -5.34 336.4 8418 -4.94 337.2 8422 -4.3 338.1 8425 -4.69 338.9 8429 -4.76 339.8 8432 -4.78 340.6 8434 -4.85 341.5 8437 -4.8 342.3 8439 -4.93 343.1 8442 -4.84 344 8444 -4.83 344.8 8447 -4.66 345.7 8449 -4.61 346.5 8451 -4.58 347.4 8454 -4.65 348.2 8456 -4.71 349.1 8459 -4.54 349.9 8461 -4.59 350.8 8463 -4.52 351.6 8465 -4.47 352.5 8468 -4.54 353.3 8470 -4.66 354.2 8472 -4.67 355 8474 -4.48 355.9 8477 -4.52 356.7 8479 -4.52 357.5 8482 -4.93 358.4 8484 -4.96 359.2 8487 -5.12 360.1 8489 -4.99 360.9 8491 -5.2 361.8 8493 -5.14 362.6 8495 -4.9 363.5 8498 -4.76 364.3 8500 -4.24 365.2 8502 -4.12 366 8504 -4.15 366.9 8507 -4.42 367.7 8510 -4.34 368.6 8513 -4.37 369.4 8516 -4.36 370.3 8519 -4.53 371.1 8522 -4.45 371.9 8525 -4.49 372.8 8527 -4.54 373.6 8530 -4.78 374.5 8532 -4.71 375.3 8534 -4.7 376.2 8537 -4.63 377 8539 -4.71 377.9 8541 -4.68 378.7 8543 -4.65 379.6 8546 -4.9 380.4 8548 -5.16 381.3 8552 -5.04 382.1 8555 -4.91 383 8559 -4.88 383.8 8562 -4.77 384.7 8566 -4.59 5. Paixão Cave, Brazil (PX5) Depth Age d18O 90 8087 -5.07 90.5 8089 -5.37 91 8091 -5.49 91.5 8093 -5.57 92 8095 -4.79 92.5 8097 -4.17 93 8099 -4.86 93.5 8101 -4.51 94 8103 -4.16 94.5 8108 -6.84 95 8114 -5.93 95.5 8119 -6.13 96 8124 -6.05 96.5 8129 -4.87 97 8134 -5.09 98 8147 -5.04 98.5 8154 -5.13 99.5 8166 -6.76 100 8173 -7.26 100.5 8179 -6.23 101 8185 -5.97 101.5 8190 -5.79 102 8195 -5.49 102.5 8200 -5.2 103 8206 -5.21 103.5 8211 -4.97 104 8216 -3.58 104.5 8221 -4.63 6. Padre Cave, Brazil (PAD07) Depth Age d18O 199 7782 -6.151 200.5 7789 -6.372 202 7797 -6.474 203.5 7804 -6.387 205 7811 -5.71 206.5 7819 -5.995 207.5 7823 -6 208.5 7828 -5.768 209.5 7833 -5.62 210.5 7838 -6.02 211.8 7844 -6.57 213 7850 -7.02 214.5 7858 -6.35 216 7865 -6.27 217.5 7872 -6.23 219 7879 -6.12 220.3 7886 -6.04 221.5 7892 -6.46 222.5 7896 -6.11 223.5 7901 -6.47 224.5 7906 -6.24 225.5 7911 -6.24 226.8 7917 -6.43 228 7923 -6.42 229.3 7929 -6.29 230.5 7935 -5.79 231.5 7940 -6.2 232.5 7944 -5.8 233.8 7950 -6.26 235 7956 -6.32 237.2 7967 -5.82 237.8 7970 -6.03 238.5 7973 -6.86 239.5 7978 -6.87 240.5 7982 -7.08 242.3 7991 -5.81 244 7999 -7.29 245.3 8005 -6.05 246.5 8010 -6.89 247.7 8016 -6.42 248.8 8021 -6.72 250 8027 -6.46 251.8 8035 -6.73 253.5 8043 -6.6 254.5 8047 -6.59 255.5 8052 -6.79 256.5 8056 -7.32 257.8 8062 -6.94 259 8068 -6.6 260.5 8075 -6.66 262 8081 -6.91 262.8 8085 -6.83 263.7 8089 -6.75 264.5 8092 -7 265.5 8097 -7.4 266.5 8101 -7.86 267.8 8107 -7.89 269 8112 -6.89 270 8117 -5.97 271 8121 -6.52 273 8130 -6.33 273.6 8132 -6.22 275.5 8141 -6.51 276.3 8144 -6.39 277 8147 -6.96 277.8 8150 -6.65 278.5 8153 -7.39 279.5 8158 -7.27 280.5 8162 -7.71 281.3 8165 -7.5 282 8168 -8.2 282.8 8171 -7.87 283.5 8174 -7.76 285 8181 -8.12 285.5 8183 -7.84 286.3 8186 -7.71 287 8189 -8.11 288.3 8194 -8.13 289.5 8199 -7.49 290.2 8202 -7.32 290.8 8205 -7.46 291.5 8207 -7.53 292 8209 -7.68 292.5 8211 -7.67 293 8213 -6.67 294.3 8218 -6.83 295.5 8223 -6.69 296.2 8226 -6.71 296.8 8228 -6.8 297.5 8231 -6.49 298.5 8235 -6.63 299.5 8239 -6.3 301.3 8246 -6.34 303 8252 -6.93 303.5 8254 -6.72 304 8256 -7.71 304.5 8258 -6.11 306 8264 -6.63 307.5 8269 -5.79 308.2 8272 -6.38 308.8 8274 -6.34 309.5 8277 -6.78 310.5 8280 -6.08 311.5 8284 -6.53 312.5 8288 -5.95 313 8289 -6.44 313.5 8291 -6.31 314 8293 -6.48 314.5 8295 -6.65 315.3 8298 -6.94 316.2 8301 -7.29 317 8304 -7.24 318.2 8308 -7.41 318.8 8310 -7.45 319.5 8312 -7.59 320.5 8316 -7.15 321.5 8319 -6.88 322.5 8322 -6.22 323.8 8327 -6.12 325 8331 -6.2 326 8334 -6.38 327 8337 -6.18 328 8341 -6.43 329 8344 -6.39 330 8347 -6.21 330.7 8349 -6.19 331.3 8351 -6.11 332 8353 -6.26 333.3 8358 -6.27 334.7 8362 -6.27 336 8366 -6.08 336.3 8366 -6.05 337.3 8369 -6.15 338 8372 -6.65 339.2 8375 -6.48 340.3 8379 -6.43 341.5 8382 -5.96 342.3 8384 -5.96 343.2 8387 -6.14 344 8389 -6.41 345.2 8392 -6.34 346.3 8396 -6.42 347.5 8399 -6.01 348.3 8401 -5.86 349.2 8403 -6.06 350 8405 -6.39 350.9 8408 -6.8 351.8 8410 -6.6 352.7 8412 -6.43 352.9 8413 -6.09 354.3 8416 -5.8 355.5 8419 -5.39 356.5 8422 -4.94 357.5 8424 -5.71 358.5 8427 -5.59 360 8430 -5.74 362.3 8436 -5.73 363.2 8438 -6.6 364 8439 -6.82 365.5 8443 -6.66 367 8446 -6.93 367.8 8447 -6.4 368.5 8449 -7.07 370.5 8453 -6.94 372.5 8457 -7.55 373.5 8459 -6.82 374.5 8461 -7.37 375.5 8463 -7.25 376.3 8464 -7.28 377.2 8466 -7.43 378 8467 -6.2 379 8469 -6.25 380 8471 -6.71 380.5 8471 -6.48 381 8472 -6.48 381.8 8474 -6.35 382.7 8475 -6.71 383.5 8476 -6.99 384.5 8478 -7 385.5 8479 -7.19 386.5 8481 -7.22 387.5 8482 -7.1 388.5 8483 -6.7 389.5 8485 -6.6 390.3 8486 -6.45 393.5 8490 -6.81 394.5 8491 -6.24 395.5 8492 -6.11 396.5 8493 -6.67 397 8494 -6.51 400.3 8497 -6.14 403 8499 -5.77 404.5 8501 -6.4 406 8502 -6.49 407.5 8503 -6.19 409.8 8504 -6.21 412 8505 -6.43 416 8507 -6.45 421 8507 -6.49