# Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/34255 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/cheng2021/cheng2021hulu.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/ze3q-mv93 # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cheng, H.; Xu, Y.; Dong, X.; Zhao, J.; Li, H.; Baker, J.; Sinha, A.; Spotl, C.; Zhang, H.; Du, W.; Zong, B.; Jia, X.; Kathayat, G.; Liu, D.; Cai, Y.; Wang, X.; Strikis, N.M.; Cruz, F.W.; Auler, A.S.; Gupta, A.K.; Singh, R.K.; Jaglan, S.; Dutt, S.; Liu, Z.; Edwards, R.L. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem oxygen isotope (d18O) data from 9 caves in China, India, Brazil, and Peru for Heinrich Stadial 4 (~35-41 ka). Each contains one or two speleothem oxygen isotope records in the same cave. Among these records, the El Condor, Mawmluh, Paraiso, Toca da Boa vista, Toca da Barriguda, Zhangjia Cave records are totally new in both the U-Th dates and oxygen isotope data. We used the Hulu Cave U-Th dates from published data in Cheng et al. (2018) and improved its resolution in oxygen isotope data. We used the published oxygen isotope data from Wulu Cave and Lapa Sem Fim Cave and obtained more U-Th dates to improve their age models. # Provided Keywords: Heinrich Stadial 4, timing, structure, event phasing, climate dynamics #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hai Cheng, Yao Xu, Xiyu Dong, Jingyao Zhao, Hanying Li, Jonathan Baker, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spotl, Haiwei Zhang, Wenjing Du, Baoyun Zong, Xue Jia, Gayatri Kathayat, Dianbing Liu, Yanjun Cai, Xianfeng Wang, Nicolas M. Strikis, Francisco W. Cruz, Augusto S. Auler, Anil K. Gupta, Raj Kumar Singh, Sonu Jaglan, Som Dutt, Zhengyu Liu, R. Lawrence Edwards # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-11-08 # Published_Title: Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics # Journal_Name: Communications Earth & Environment # Volume: 2 # Edition: 230 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00304-6 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 +- 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 +- 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, John Southon, Katsumi Matsumoto, Joshua M. Feinberg, Ashish Sinha, Weijian Zhou, Hanying Li, Xianglei Li,Yao Xu, Shitao Chen, Ming Tan, Quan Wang, Yongjin Wang, Youfeng Ning # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018 # Published_Title: Atmospheric 14C/12C changes during the last glacial period from Hulu Cave # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 362 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1293-1297 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0747 # Online_Resource: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aau0747 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Paired measurements of 14C/12C and 230Th ages from two Hulu Cave stalagmites complete a precise record of atmospheric 14C covering the full range of the 14C dating method (~54,000 years). Over the last glacial period, atmospheric 14C/12C ranges from values similar to modern values to values 1.70 times higher (42,000 to 39,000 years ago). The latter correspond to 14C ages 5200 years less than calibrated ages and correlate with the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion followed by Heinrich Stadial 4. Millennial-scale variations are largely attributable to Earth’s magnetic field changes and in part to climate-related changes in the oceanic carbon cycle. A progressive shift to lower 14C/12C values between 25,000 and 11,000 years ago is likely related, in part, to progressively increasing ocean ventilation rates. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41888101, 41731174 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Hulu Cave # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Northernmost_Latitude: 32.5 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32.5 # Easternmost_Longitude: 119.17 # Westernmost_Longitude: 119.17 # Elevation: 86 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Cheng2021HuluMSL # First_Year: 40722 # Last_Year: 37120 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,Depth from stalagmite top ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # depth Age d18OcarbVPDB 20 37120 -8.058 20.2 37132 -7.778 20.4 37144 -7.967 20.6 37156 -8.094 20.8 37169 -8.336 21 37181 -8.613 21.2 37194 -8.655 21.4 37206 -8.457 21.6 37219 -8.326 21.8 37231 -8.253 22 37243 -8.412 22.2 37256 -8.671 22.4 37268 -8.955 22.6 37280 -8.274 22.8 37292 -8.48 23 37304 -8.737 23.2 37316 -8.893 23.4 37328 -8.396 23.6 37340 -8.651 23.8 37352 -9.436 24 37364 -8.748 24.2 37376 -8.122 24.4 37388 -8.601 24.6 37400 -8.563 24.8 37413 -8.8 25 37425 -8.731 25.2 37437 -8.849 25.4 37449 -8.888 25.6 37461 -8.586 25.8 37473 -8.734 26 37484 -8.157 26.2 37496 -7.884 26.4 37507 -8.155 26.6 37519 -8.621 26.8 37530 -8.554 27 37541 -8.068 27.2 37551 -7.924 27.4 37562 -8.195 27.6 37573 -8.503 27.8 37583 -8.28 28 37593 -7.507 28.2 37603 -7.607 28.4 37613 -7.911 28.6 37623 -8.238 28.8 37633 -8.433 29 37643 -8.664 29.2 37653 -8.481 29.4 37663 -8.572 29.6 37673 -8.546 29.8 37683 -8.399 30 37693 -7.903 30.2 37703 -7.841 30.4 37713 -7.809 30.6 37723 -7.737 30.8 37733 -8.098 31 37743 -8.502 31.2 37753 -8.552 31.4 37763 -8.224 31.6 37773 -8.281 31.8 37783 -8.495 32 37793 -8.361 32.2 37803 -8.313 32.4 37813 -8.254 32.6 37823 -8.3 32.8 37832 -8.734 33 37842 -9.05 33.2 37852 -8.539 33.4 37861 -7.726 33.6 37871 -8.176 33.8 37880 -8.585 34 37890 -8.1 34.2 37899 -7.99 34.4 37909 -8.187 34.6 37919 -8.235 34.8 37928 -8.105 35 37938 -7.794 35.2 37948 -8.103 35.4 37959 -8.35 35.6 37969 -8.198 35.8 37980 -8.194 36 37992 -7.871 36.2 38004 -7.623 36.4 38016 -7.218 36.6 38028 -8.015 36.8 38041 -8.472 37 38053 -8.043 37.2 38066 -8.343 37.4 38079 -8.217 37.6 38092 -7.973 37.8 38105 -8.491 38 38118 -7.9 38.2 38131 -7.683 38.4 38143 -8.446 38.6 38155 -8.738 38.8 38167 -8.301 39 38178 -8.792 39.2 38189 -8.667 39.4 38200 -8.517 39.6 38209 -8.406 39.8 38219 -8.009 40 38227 -8.25 40.2 38235 -7.799 40.4 38243 -7.782 40.6 38249 -8.11 40.8 38256 -8.105 41 38261 -7.418 41.2 38267 -7.155 41.4 38272 -6.903 41.6 38277 -6.986 41.8 38281 -6.39 42 38286 -6.558 42.2 38290 -6.51 42.4 38294 -7.316 42.6 38299 -6.952 42.8 38303 -6.516 43 38308 -6.997 43.2 38312 -7.24 43.4 38317 -7.265 43.6 38322 -6.78 43.8 38327 -6.943 44 38332 -6.859 44.2 38338 -7.112 44.4 38343 -7.354 44.6 38349 -7.761 44.8 38356 -7.204 45 38362 -6.635 45.2 38369 -6.932 45.4 38376 -7.014 45.6 38382 -7.268 45.8 38390 -6.978 46 38397 -6.679 46.2 38404 -6.469 46.4 38412 -6.447 46.6 38421 -6.541 46.8 38433 -6.363 47 38447 -6.438 47.2 38464 -6.734 47.4 38484 -6.865 47.6 38510 -6.518 47.8 38540 -6.46 48 38575 -6.623 48.2 38617 -6.01 48.4 38663 -6.244 48.6 38713 -6.541 48.8 38763 -6.302 49 38814 -6.209 49.2 38864 -6.615 49.4 38910 -6.699 49.6 38943 -6.416 49.8 38961 -6.342 50 38975 -6.839 50.2 38985 -6.691 50.4 38990 -6.138 50.6 38992 -6.19 50.8 38992 -6.558 51 38992 -7.112 51.2 38992 -6.729 51.4 38992 -6.07 51.6 38992 -6.18 51.8 38992 -6.59 52 38992 -6.798 52.2 38993 -6.43 52.4 38993 -6.588 52.6 38993 -6.441 52.8 38993 -6.257 53 38993 -6.658 53.2 38993 -6.077 53.4 38993 -6.464 53.6 38993 -6.198 53.8 38994 -6.242 54 38997 -6.073 54.2 39000 -6.121 54.4 39004 -6.32 54.6 39009 -6.251 54.8 39015 -6.387 55 39021 -6.055 55.2 39029 -5.802 55.4 39037 -6.539 55.6 39046 -6.198 55.8 39061 -6.616 56 39082 -6.386 56.2 39104 -5.806 56.4 39128 -5.487 56.6 39153 -5.618 56.8 39179 -6.056 57 39206 -6.02 57.2 39235 -6.235 57.4 39264 -5.585 57.6 39294 -5.816 57.8 39324 -6.27 58 39355 -6.865 58.2 39387 -6.735 58.4 39419 -7.005 58.6 39452 -6.531 58.8 39485 -6.809 59 39518 -6.862 59.2 39552 -6.636 59.4 39586 -6.877 59.6 39621 -6.689 59.8 39656 -6.543 60 39691 -6.779 60.2 39727 -6.553 60.4 39763 -6.371 60.6 39799 -6.622 60.8 39836 -6.585 61 39873 -6.636 61.2 39910 -6.557 61.4 39946 -6.76 61.6 39983 -7.23 61.8 40020 -8.111 62 40056 -7.734 62.2 40092 -7.3 62.4 40127 -8.149 62.6 40162 -8.433 62.8 40196 -8.092 63 40229 -7.312 63.2 40261 -7.61 63.4 40291 -8.271 63.6 40320 -7.922 63.8 40348 -7.356 64 40373 -7.551 64.2 40397 -7.014 64.4 40418 -7.183 64.6 40438 -7.299 64.8 40457 -6.931 65 40475 -7.802 65.2 40492 -7.107 65.4 40509 -7.519 65.6 40525 -7.71 65.8 40541 -8.225 66 40557 -7.529 66.2 40574 -7.273 66.4 40591 -7.267 66.6 40607 -7.792 66.8 40624 -6.512 67 40640 -7.136 67.2 40655 -7.114 67.4 40670 -7.182 67.6 40683 -7.655 67.8 40695 -7.28 68 40706 -6.429 68.2 40715 -7.503 68.4 40722 -7.637