# Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/34255 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/cheng2021/cheng2021lapa-sem-fim.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/ze3q-mv93 # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cheng, H.; Xu, Y.; Dong, X.; Zhao, J.; Li, H.; Baker, J.; Sinha, A.; Spotl, C.; Zhang, H.; Du, W.; Zong, B.; Jia, X.; Kathayat, G.; Liu, D.; Cai, Y.; Wang, X.; Strikis, N.M.; Cruz, F.W.; Auler, A.S.; Gupta, A.K.; Singh, R.K.; Jaglan, S.; Dutt, S.; Liu, Z.; Edwards, R.L. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem oxygen isotope (d18O) data from 9 caves in China, India, Brazil, and Peru for Heinrich Stadial 4 (~35-41 ka). Each contains one or two speleothem oxygen isotope records in the same cave. Among these records, the El Condor, Mawmluh, Paraiso, Toca da Boa vista, Toca da Barriguda, Zhangjia Cave records are totally new in both the U-Th dates and oxygen isotope data. We used the Hulu Cave U-Th dates from published data in Cheng et al. (2018) and improved its resolution in oxygen isotope data. We used the published oxygen isotope data from Wulu Cave and Lapa Sem Fim Cave and obtained more U-Th dates to improve their age models. # Provided Keywords: Heinrich Stadial 4, timing, structure, event phasing, climate dynamics #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hai Cheng, Yao Xu, Xiyu Dong, Jingyao Zhao, Hanying Li, Jonathan Baker, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spotl, Haiwei Zhang, Wenjing Du, Baoyun Zong, Xue Jia, Gayatri Kathayat, Dianbing Liu, Yanjun Cai, Xianfeng Wang, Nicolas M. Strikis, Francisco W. Cruz, Augusto S. Auler, Anil K. Gupta, Raj Kumar Singh, Sonu Jaglan, Som Dutt, Zhengyu Liu, R. Lawrence Edwards # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-11-08 # Published_Title: Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics # Journal_Name: Communications Earth & Environment # Volume: 2 # Edition: 230 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00304-6 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 +- 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 +- 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Nicolás M. Stríkis, Francisco W. Cruz, Eline A. S. Barreto, Filipa Naughton, Mathias Vuille, Hai Cheng, Antje H.L. Voelker, Haiwei Zhang, Ivo Karmann, R. Lawrence Edwards, Augusto S. Auler, Roberto Ventura Santos, and Hamilton Reis Sales # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-04-10 # Published_Title: South American monsoon response to iceberg discharge in the North Atlantic # Journal_Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences # Volume: 115 # Edition: # Issue: 15 # Pages: 3788-3793 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717784115 # Online_Resource: https://www.pnas.org/content/115/15/3788 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Heinrich Stadials significantly affected tropical precipitation through changes in the interhemispheric temperature gradient as a result of abrupt cooling in the North Atlantic. Here, we focus on changes in South American monsoon precipitation during Heinrich Stadials using a suite of speleothem records covering the last 85 ky B.P. from eastern South America. We document the response of South American monsoon precipitation to episodes of extensive iceberg discharge, which is distinct from the response to the cooling episodes that precede the main phase of ice-rafted detritus deposition. Our results demonstrate that iceberg discharge in the western subtropical North Atlantic led to an abrupt increase in monsoon precipitation over eastern South America. Our findings of an enhanced Southern Hemisphere monsoon, coeval with the iceberg discharge into the North Atlantic, are consistent with the observed abrupt increase in atmospheric methane concentrations during Heinrich Stadials. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41888101, 41731174 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Lapa Sem Fim Cave # Location: South America>Brazil # Northernmost_Latitude: -16.15 # Southernmost_Latitude: -16.15 # Easternmost_Longitude: -44.6 # Westernmost_Longitude: -44.6 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Cheng2021LapaSemFimLSF13 # First_Year: 40384 # Last_Year: 35540 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # For low-resolution record on sample LSF-13 # Sample ID Depth from top (mm) Age (BP) Error # LSF 13 - 100 100 35998 93 # LSF 13 - 125 125 37036 487 # LSF 13 - 170 170 37537 132 # LSF13-176 176 38350 119 # LSF13-182 182 39060 62 # LSF13-187 186 39247 61 # LSF13-196 196 39889 65 # LSF13-207 207 39892 70 # LSF13-220 220 40154 76 # LSF13-224 225 40213 75 # LSF 13-232 232 40340 141 # LSF13-245 245 40261 247 # # For high-resolution record on sample LSF-13 # Sample ID New Depth scale (mm) Age (BP) Error # LSF-4.5-R 5 37651 167 # LSF-5.5-L 6 37939 132 # LSF13-176 7.6 38350 119 # LSF-9-L 9 38794 122 # LSF-11-R 11 38730 144 # LSF13-182 13 39060 62 # LSF13-187 17 39247 61 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,Depth from stalagmite top ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # depth Age d18OcarbVPDB 79 35540 -5.93 79.9 35559 -5.99 80.8 35579 -5.96 81.6 35597 -5.86 82.5 35616 -5.87 83.4 35636 -5.89 84.3 35656 -5.64 85.1 35673 -5.84 86 35693 -5.95 86.9 35713 -6.19 87.8 35733 -6.11 88.6 35752 -6.1 89.5 35773 -6.23 90.4 35794 -6.15 91.3 35815 -5.88 92.1 35834 -6.27 93 35855 -6.22 93.9 35876 -6.33 94.8 35897 -6.26 95.6 35916 -5.99 96.5 35937 -5.92 97.4 35958 -5.49 98.3 35978 -6.11 99.1 35998 -5.72 100 36020 -5.89 100.5 36033 -5.82 101 36045 -5.58 101.5 36057 -6.12 102 36068 -5.99 102.5 36079 -5.97 102.9 36088 -5.84 103.4 36099 -5.31 103.9 36110 -4.72 104.4 36121 -4.48 104.9 36133 -5.11 105.4 36144 -4.97 105.9 36156 -4.78 106.4 36167 -4.32 106.9 36179 -4.36 107.4 36191 -4.61 107.8 36200 -4.65 108.3 36212 -4.55 108.8 36223 -4.41 109.3 36235 -4.59 109.8 36246 -4.53 110.3 36256 -4.48 110.8 36267 -4.12 111.3 36278 -4.02 111.8 36285 -4.3 112.3 36291 -4.42 112.7 36295 -3.87 113.2 36301 -3.96 113.7 36307 -3.78 114.2 36313 -4.08 114.7 36318 -3.84 115.2 36324 -3.79 115.7 36330 -3.51 116.2 36336 -3.36 116.7 36341 -3.54 117.2 36347 -3.58 117.6 36352 -3.45 118.1 36357 -3.1 118.6 36363 -3.23 119.1 36369 -3.23 119.6 36375 -3.29 120.1 36381 -3.4 120.6 36386 -3.5 121.1 36392 -3.71 121.6 36398 -3.73 122.1 36404 -3.56 122.5 36408 -3.66 123 36414 -3.71 123.5 36420 -3.95 124 36425 -3.88 124.5 36431 -3.93 125 36437 -4.11 126.3 36452 -4.05 127.6 36467 -4.04 129 36483 -4.18 130.3 36498 -4.31 131.6 36512 -4.41 132.9 36527 -3.86 134.3 36542 -3.83 135.6 36556 -3.77 136.9 36570 -3.83 138.2 36585 -3.86 139.6 36600 -3.72 140.9 36614 -3.41 142.2 36629 -3.32 143.5 36643 -3.51 144.9 36658 -3.6 146.2 36673 -4.19 147.5 36687 -4.2 148.8 36701 -4.21 150.1 36715 -3.65 151.5 36733 -2.87 152.8 36747 -3.18 154.1 36771 -3.4 155.4 36795 -3.42 156.8 36816 -3.33 158.1 36835 -3.62 159.4 36855 -3.58 160.7 36875 -3.57 162.1 36975 -3.91 163.4 37044 -3.97 164.7 37126 -4.57 166 37209 -4.46 167.4 37296 -4.35 168.7 37404 -4.34 170 37565 -4.05 171.7 37773 -4.02 173.3 37974 -3.91 175 38188 -4.25 176 38314 176.7 38404 -3.68 178.3 38618 -5.28 180 38837 -5.21 180.4 38884 -5.48 180.8 38930 -5.42 181.2 38975 -5.6 181.6 39017 -5.38 182 39056 182 39056 -5.46 182.4 39090 -5.27 182.9 39125 -5.63 183.3 39146 -5.6 183.7 39161 -5.77 184.1 39174 -5.78 184.5 39185 -5.71 184.9 39199 -5.87 185.3 39217 -6.05 185.7 39239 -6.54 186.1 39263 -6.58 186.5 39289 -6.78 186.9 39315 -7 187 39322 187.3 39341 -7.1 187.8 39371 -7.02 188.2 39395 -7.01 188.6 39418 -6.88 189 39442 -6.27 189.4 39465 -5.28 189.8 39490 -4.88 190.2 39514 -4.88 190.6 39539 -4.89 191 39563 -4.88 191.4 39587 -5.17 191.8 39612 -5.2 192.2 39636 -5.12 192.7 39665 -4.97 193.1 39689 -4.81 193.5 39712 -4.8 193.9 39735 -5.05 194.3 39759 -4.97 194.7 39784 -4.61 195.1 39811 -4.69 195.5 39836 -4.59 195.9 39850 -4.57 196 39853 196.3 39862 -4.93 196.7 39873 -4.79 197.1 39880 -4.78 197.6 39884 -4.67 198 39884 -4.4 198.4 39884 -4.35 198.8 39884 -4.47 199.2 39884 -4.59 199.6 39884 -4.6 200 39885 -4.6 200.5 39885 -4.23 201 39885 -4.55 201.5 39885 -4.44 202 39885 -4.44 202.5 39889 -4.65 203 39893 -4.6 203.5 39897 -4.5 204 39900 -4.52 204.5 39903 -4.34 204.9 39906 -4.29 205.4 39910 -4.26 205.9 39914 -4.29 206.4 39918 -4.46 206.9 39922 -4.54 207 39923 207.4 39927 -4.75 207.9 39931 -4.67 208.4 39937 -4.71 208.9 39945 -4.62 209.4 39954 -4.72 209.9 39962 -4.69 210.4 39970 -4.75 210.9 39979 -4.89 211.4 39988 -4.86 211.9 39997 -4.69 212.4 40007 -4.01 212.9 40016 -3.97 213.4 40025 -3.7 213.8 40031 -3.73 214.3 40040 -3.96 214.8 40048 -4.03 215.3 40057 -4 215.8 40066 -4.05 216.3 40074 -4.01 216.8 40083 -3.63 217.3 40092 -3.45 217.8 40100 -3.69 218.3 40108 -3.93 218.8 40117 -3.69 219.3 40125 -3.49 219.8 40133 -3.18 220 40136 220.3 40141 -3.19 220.8 40149 -3.03 221.3 40158 -3.17 221.8 40167 -3.11 222.3 40176 -3.1 222.7 40182 -3.17 223.2 40190 -3.13 223.7 40198 -3.12 224.2 40204 -3.36 224.7 40211 -3.49 225 40215 225.2 40217 -3.21 225.7 40224 -3.14 226.2 40230 -3.6 226.7 40236 -3.82 227.2 40241 -3.77 227.7 40246 -3.72 228.2 40251 -3.8 228.7 40256 -3.87 229.2 40261 -3.92 229.7 40266 -4.31 230.2 40272 -4.29 230.7 40278 -4.3 231.2 40283 -4.25 231.6 40287 -4.1 232.1 40293 -3.91 232.6 40298 -4.03 233.1 40304 -4.03 233.6 40309 -3.76 234.1 40314 -3.87 234.6 40317 -4.07 235.1 40317 -4.06 235.6 40317 -4.36 236.1 40317 -3.86 236.6 40317 -3.97 237.1 40317 -4.1 237.6 40318 -4.24 238.1 40322 -4.31 238.6 40326 -4.26 239.1 40331 -4.16 239.6 40335 -4.45 240.1 40340 -4.31 240.5 40343 -4.13 241 40348 -4.2 241.5 40352 -4.17 242 40357 -4.25 242.5 40362 -4.3 243 40366 -4.5 243.5 40371 -4.44 244 40375 -4.31 244.5 40380 -4.48 245 40384 -4.27