# Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/34255 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/cheng2021/cheng2021mawmluh.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/ze3q-mv93 # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cheng, H.; Xu, Y.; Dong, X.; Zhao, J.; Li, H.; Baker, J.; Sinha, A.; Spotl, C.; Zhang, H.; Du, W.; Zong, B.; Jia, X.; Kathayat, G.; Liu, D.; Cai, Y.; Wang, X.; Strikis, N.M.; Cruz, F.W.; Auler, A.S.; Gupta, A.K.; Singh, R.K.; Jaglan, S.; Dutt, S.; Liu, Z.; Edwards, R.L. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem oxygen isotope (d18O) data from 9 caves in China, India, Brazil, and Peru for Heinrich Stadial 4 (~35-41 ka). Each contains one or two speleothem oxygen isotope records in the same cave. Among these records, the El Condor, Mawmluh, Paraiso, Toca da Boa vista, Toca da Barriguda, Zhangjia Cave records are totally new in both the U-Th dates and oxygen isotope data. We used the Hulu Cave U-Th dates from published data in Cheng et al. (2018) and improved its resolution in oxygen isotope data. We used the published oxygen isotope data from Wulu Cave and Lapa Sem Fim Cave and obtained more U-Th dates to improve their age models. # Provided Keywords: Heinrich Stadial 4, timing, structure, event phasing, climate dynamics #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hai Cheng, Yao Xu, Xiyu Dong, Jingyao Zhao, Hanying Li, Jonathan Baker, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spotl, Haiwei Zhang, Wenjing Du, Baoyun Zong, Xue Jia, Gayatri Kathayat, Dianbing Liu, Yanjun Cai, Xianfeng Wang, Nicolas M. Strikis, Francisco W. Cruz, Augusto S. Auler, Anil K. Gupta, Raj Kumar Singh, Sonu Jaglan, Som Dutt, Zhengyu Liu, R. Lawrence Edwards # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-11-08 # Published_Title: Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics # Journal_Name: Communications Earth & Environment # Volume: 2 # Edition: 230 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00304-6 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 +- 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 +- 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41888101, 41731174 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Mawmluh Cave # Location: Asia>Southcentral Asia>India # Northernmost_Latitude: 25.27 # Southernmost_Latitude: 25.27 # Easternmost_Longitude: 91.72 # Westernmost_Longitude: 91.72 # Elevation: 1300 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Cheng2021MawmluhMWS-2 # First_Year: 42653 # Last_Year: 35602 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Sample ID Depth from top (mm) Age (BP) Error # MWS-2-0 0 35026 253 # MWS-2-22 22 36946 99 # MWS-2-54 54 37487 79 # MWS-2-60 60 38010 81 # MWS-2-63 63 38160 93 # MWS-2-70 70 38313 101 # MWS-2-73 73 38403 80 # MWS-2-96 96 38774 81 # MWS-2-104 104 39195 98 # MWS-2-128 128 39595 100 # MWS-2-132 132 39647 113 # MWS-2-161 161 39871 80 # MWS-2-1-1 171 39898 140 # MWS-2-194 194 40395 120 # MWS-2-2-2 380 41464 140 # MWS-2-3-3 545 42682 154 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,Depth from stalagmite top ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # depth Age d18OcarbVPDB 0 35602 -2.31 1 35637 -2.843 2 35672 -2.952 3 35707 -2.866 4 35743 -3.216 5 35778 -2.948 6 35813 -2.989 7 35848 -3.237 8 35883 -3.572 9 35919 -3.179 10 35954 -3.212 11 35989 -2.959 12 36024 -2.843 13 36059 -3.491 14 36095 -3.311 15 36130 -2.788 16 36165 -2.973 17 36200 -3.409 18 36235 -3.175 19 36271 -3.125 20 36295 -3.171 21 36313 -3.401 22 36331 -4.036 23 36348 -3.743 24 36366 -3.632 25 36383 -3.971 26 36401 -3.951 27 36418 -3.893 28 36436 -4.027 29 36454 -3.783 30 36472 -3.779 31 36488 -3.96 32 36509 -3.792 33 36532 -3.645 34 36538 -3.695 35 36545 -3.694 36 36552 -3.673 37 36559 -3.759 38 36565 -3.88 39 36594 -3.524 40 36620 -3.302 41 36655 -3.62 42 36694 -3.706 43 36731 -3.523 44 36767 -3.654 45 36829 -3.863 46 36905 -3.355 47 36981 -4.266 48 37056 -4.116 49 37131 -3.878 50 37206 -3.295 51 37282 -3.417 52 37358 -3.764 53 37435 -3.094 54 37506 -3.879 55 37573 -3.452 56 37670 -3.767 57 37816 -3.443 58 37946 -3.855 59 37998 -3.449 60 38016 -2.648 61 38054 -3.205 62 38103 -3.174 63 38141 -3.477 63.1 38144 -3.465 63.2 38147 -4.05 63.3 38150 -3.62 63.4 38153 -3.573 63.5 38156 -3.322 63.6 38159 -3.053 63.7 38162 -2.871 63.8 38164 -3.304 63.9 38167 -3.139 64 38169 -3.216 64.1 38172 -3.074 64.2 38174 -3.664 64.3 38176 -3.473 64.4 38179 -3.317 64.5 38181 -3.343 64.6 38183 -3.63 64.7 38185 -3.607 64.8 38188 -3.466 64.9 38190 -3.482 65 38192 -3.36 65.1 38194 -3.208 65.2 38196 -3.115 65.3 38198 -3.275 65.4 38201 -3.115 65.5 38203 -2.978 65.6 38205 -2.862 65.7 38207 -2.863 65.8 38210 -2.81 65.9 38212 -2.822 66 38215 -2.937 66.1 38217 -3.066 66.2 38220 -2.841 66.3 38222 -2.778 66.4 38225 -2.751 66.5 38227 -2.739 66.6 38230 -2.684 66.7 38233 -3.124 66.8 38236 -2.915 66.9 38238 -2.897 67 38241 -2.815 67.1 38244 -2.849 67.2 38247 -2.422 67.3 38250 -2.827 67.4 38252 -2.211 67.5 38255 -2.728 67.6 38258 -2.475 67.7 38261 -2.389 67.8 38264 -2.459 67.9 38267 -2.533 68 38269 -2.451 68.1 38272 -2.317 68.2 38275 -2.809 68.3 38278 -2.723 68.4 38280 -2.533 68.5 38283 -2.365 68.6 38286 -2.196 68.7 38288 -2.191 68.8 38291 -2.23 68.9 38294 -2.259 69 38296 -2.314 69.1 38299 -2.429 69.2 38302 -2.35 69.3 38304 -2.267 69.4 38307 -2.457 69.5 38309 -2.472 69.6 38312 -2.275 69.7 38314 -2.216 69.8 38317 -2.365 69.9 38319 -2.29 70 38322 -2.244 70.1 38325 -2.191 70.2 38327 -2.132 70.3 38330 -2.001 70.4 38332 -1.805 70.5 38335 -1.648 70.6 38337 -1.651 70.7 38340 -1.823 70.8 38342 -1.94 70.9 38345 -1.966 71 38347 -2.064 71.1 38350 -1.822 71.2 38352 -1.862 71.3 38355 -1.87 71.4 38357 -1.926 71.5 38360 -1.807 71.6 38363 -1.928 71.7 38365 -1.85 71.8 38368 -1.855 71.9 38371 -2.008 72 38373 -2.143 72.1 38376 -2.283 72.2 38379 -2.334 72.3 38381 -2.375 72.4 38384 -2.243 72.5 38386 -1.615 72.6 38389 -1.525 72.7 38392 -1.69 72.8 38394 -2.001 72.9 38397 -2.166 73 38399 -2.263 74 38416 -1.798 75 38418 -2.378 76 38420 -2.306 77 38434 -1.805 78 38456 -1.904 79 38477 -1.995 80 38496 -2.242 81 38514 -1.911 82 38533 -1.723 83 38552 -1.397 84 38571 -2.202 85 38590 -2.137 86 38608 -1.35 87 38627 -1.812 88 38646 -1.89 89 38665 -1.787 90 38684 -2.447 91 38703 -2.08 92 38721 -1.6 93 38739 -2.007 94 38759 -1.478 95 38783 -1.459 96 38796 -1.627 97 38799 -1.828 98 38858 -1.991 99 39020 -1.66 100 39177 -1.523 101 39220 -1.472 102 39223 -1.789 103 39225 -1.505 104 39247 -1.308 105 39262 -1.201 106 39272 -1.229 107 39283 -1.552 108 39296 -1.625 109 39309 -1.335 110 39321 -1.572 111 39335 -1.746 112 39349 -1.52 113 39363 -1.606 114 39376 -1.812 115 39391 -1.23 116 39405 -1.572 117 39420 -1.153 118 39434 -1.294 119 39447 -1.159 120 39460 -1.779 122 39488 -1.496 123 39500 -1.137 124 39512 -1.955 125 39524 -1.064 126 39536 -1.52 127 39547 -1.711 128 39559 -1.265 129 39571 -1.272 130 39582 -1.53 131 39594 -2.459 132 39605 -2.425 133 39614 -2.572 134 39623 -2.134 135 39632 -2.167 136 39641 -1.733 137 39651 -2.214 138 39661 -2.535 140 39681 -2.407 141 39691 -2.43 142 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