# Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/34255 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/cheng2021/cheng2021zhangjia.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/ze3q-mv93 # # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-11-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Asia and South America Heinrich Stadial 4 Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cheng, H.; Xu, Y.; Dong, X.; Zhao, J.; Li, H.; Baker, J.; Sinha, A.; Spotl, C.; Zhang, H.; Du, W.; Zong, B.; Jia, X.; Kathayat, G.; Liu, D.; Cai, Y.; Wang, X.; Strikis, N.M.; Cruz, F.W.; Auler, A.S.; Gupta, A.K.; Singh, R.K.; Jaglan, S.; Dutt, S.; Liu, Z.; Edwards, R.L. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem oxygen isotope (d18O) data from 9 caves in China, India, Brazil, and Peru for Heinrich Stadial 4 (~35-41 ka). Each contains one or two speleothem oxygen isotope records in the same cave. Among these records, the El Condor, Mawmluh, Paraiso, Toca da Boa vista, Toca da Barriguda, Zhangjia Cave records are totally new in both the U-Th dates and oxygen isotope data. We used the Hulu Cave U-Th dates from published data in Cheng et al. (2018) and improved its resolution in oxygen isotope data. We used the published oxygen isotope data from Wulu Cave and Lapa Sem Fim Cave and obtained more U-Th dates to improve their age models. # Provided Keywords: Heinrich Stadial 4, timing, structure, event phasing, climate dynamics #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hai Cheng, Yao Xu, Xiyu Dong, Jingyao Zhao, Hanying Li, Jonathan Baker, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spotl, Haiwei Zhang, Wenjing Du, Baoyun Zong, Xue Jia, Gayatri Kathayat, Dianbing Liu, Yanjun Cai, Xianfeng Wang, Nicolas M. Strikis, Francisco W. Cruz, Augusto S. Auler, Anil K. Gupta, Raj Kumar Singh, Sonu Jaglan, Som Dutt, Zhengyu Liu, R. Lawrence Edwards # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-11-08 # Published_Title: Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics # Journal_Name: Communications Earth & Environment # Volume: 2 # Edition: 230 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00304-6 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 +- 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 +- 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41888101, 41731174 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Zhangjia Cave # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Northernmost_Latitude: 32.58 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32.58 # Easternmost_Longitude: 105.97 # Westernmost_Longitude: 105.97 # Elevation: 680 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Cheng2021ZhangjiaZJD171 # First_Year: 40441 # Last_Year: 36995 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Sample ID Depth from top (mm) Age (BP) Error # ZJD171A-D13 137.45 37064 78 # ZJD171A-D15 140.95 37245 93 # ZJD171A-D16 142.45 37466 97 # ZJDA171-D17 144.95 37483 85 # ZJD171A-D18 148 37549 84 # ZJD171-A-B-1 149.5 37913 83 # ZJD171-A-B-2 154 38027 83 # ZJD171-A-B-5 162 38089 75 # ZJD171-A-B-6 163.5 38252 80 # ZJD171-A-B-7 167 38331 81 # ZJD171-A-B-8 169 38475 87 # ZJD171-A-B-9 174 38512 80 # ZJD171-A-B-10 179 38644 82 # ZJD171-A-B-11 184 38821 86 # ZJD171-A-B-12 187 38952 87 # ZJD171-A-B-13 194 39017 82 # Hiatus # ZJD171-A-B-15 201 39942 87 # ZJD171-A-B-16 203.45 40096 84 # ZJD171-A-B-17 208 40132 87 # ZJD171-A-F-2 211.5 40263 131 # ZJD171-A-F-3 212 40476 120 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,Depth from stalagmite top ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, # #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # depth Age d18OcarbVPDB 136.45 36995 -10.562 136.55 37001 -10.424 136.65 37008 -10.45 136.75 37015 -10.35 136.85 37022 -10.339 136.95 37028 -10.391 137.05 37035 -10.437 137.15 37042 -10.281 137.25 37049 -10.279 137.35 37055 -10.346 137.45 37062 -10.448 137.55 37069 -10.423 137.65 37076 -10.408 137.75 37082 -10.522 137.85 37089 -10.419 137.95 37096 -10.588 138.05 37103 -10.523 138.15 37110 -10.592 138.25 37117 -10.478 138.35 37124 -10.631 138.45 37130 -10.453 138.55 37137 -10.446 138.65 37144 -10.266 138.75 37151 -10.55 138.85 37158 -10.42 138.95 37165 -10.385 139.05 37172 -10.413 139.15 37179 -10.551 139.25 37186 -10.642 139.35 37193 -10.645 139.45 37199 -10.408 139.55 37206 -10.331 139.65 37213 -10.234 139.75 37220 -10.318 139.85 37227 -10.408 139.95 37234 -10.459 140.05 37240 -10.526 140.15 37247 -10.468 140.25 37254 -10.457 140.35 37261 -10.52 140.45 37267 -10.602 140.55 37274 -10.575 140.65 37280 -10.65 140.75 37287 -10.705 140.85 37293 -10.721 140.95 37300 -10.547 141.05 37306 -10.558 141.15 37313 -10.489 141.25 37319 -10.456 141.35 37325 -10.418 141.45 37331 -10.502 141.55 37337 -10.367 141.65 37343 -10.29 141.75 37349 -10.265 141.85 37355 -10.22 141.95 37361 -10.159 142.05 37367 -9.901 142.15 37372 -9.924 142.25 37378 -9.971 142.35 37383 -9.753 142.45 37389 -9.781 142.55 37394 -10.053 142.65 37399 -10.034 142.75 37405 -10.123 142.85 37410 -10.045 142.95 37415 -10.079 143.05 37420 -10.069 143.15 37425 -10.093 143.25 37429 -10.143 143.35 37434 -10.144 143.45 37439 -10.131 143.55 37443 -10.196 143.65 37448 -10.236 143.75 37453 -10.23 143.85 37457 -10.214 143.95 37462 -10.194 144.05 37466 -10.206 144.15 37470 -10.154 144.25 37475 -10.265 144.35 37479 -10.297 144.45 37484 -10.362 144.55 37488 -10.284 144.65 37492 -10.266 144.75 37496 -10.189 144.85 37500 -10.301 144.95 37505 -10.344 145.05 37508 -10.33 145.15 37512 -10.261 145.25 37516 -10.197 145.35 37519 -10.296 145.45 37522 -10.185 145.55 37525 -9.995 145.65 37528 -9.873 145.75 37531 -9.866 145.85 37533 -9.879 145.95 37534 -9.953 146.05 37534 -9.946 146.15 37535 -10.026 146.25 37535 -10.053 146.35 37536 -10.076 146.45 37536 -9.946 146.55 37536 -9.911 146.65 37536 -10.112 146.75 37536 -9.922 146.95 37536 -10.087 147.05 37536 -10.116 147.15 37536 -10.104 147.25 37536 -9.942 147.35 37536 -10.09 147.45 37536 -10.134 147.55 37536 -10.11 147.65 37537 -9.931 147.75 37539 -9.99 147.85 37542 -9.965 147.95 37546 -10.026 148.05 37552 -10.14 148.15 37559 -10.246 148.25 37567 -10.331 148.35 37577 -10.201 148.45 37588 -10.262 148.55 37600 -10.288 148.65 37615 -10.292 148.75 37630 -10.186 148.85 37647 -10.224 148.95 37665 -10.16 149.05 37683 -10.252 149.15 37703 -10.268 149.25 37722 -10.505 149.35 37742 -10.447 149.45 37762 -10.419 149.55 37783 -10.331 149.65 37802 -10.234 149.75 37822 -10.167 149.85 37841 -10.145 149.95 37860 -10.117 150.05 37877 -10.161 150.1 37886 -10.121 150.15 37894 -10.174 150.25 37909 -10.045 150.3 37917 -10.021 150.35 37923 -9.983 150.4 37930 -10.032 150.45 37936 -9.99 150.5 37942 -9.956 150.55 37947 -9.928 150.6 37952 -9.967 150.65 37956 -9.927 150.7 37960 -10.037 150.75 37964 -9.948 150.8 37968 -9.883 150.85 37971 -9.837 150.9 37974 -9.871 150.95 37976 -9.995 151 37978 -10.019 151.05 37979 -9.978 151.1 37979 -9.921 151.15 37980 -10.012 151.2 37981 -10.029 151.25 37981 -10.039 151.3 37982 -9.98 151.35 37982 -9.944 151.4 37982 -9.879 151.45 37982 -9.987 151.5 37982 -10.017 151.55 37982 -10.112 151.6 37982 -10.047 151.65 37982 -10.039 151.7 37982 -10.032 151.75 37982 -9.906 151.8 37982 -9.866 151.85 37982 -9.885 151.9 37982 -9.914 151.95 37982 -9.908 152 37982 -9.974 152.05 37982 -9.904 152.1 37982 -9.848 152.15 37982 -9.862 152.25 37982 -9.929 152.3 37982 -9.99 152.35 37982 -9.954 152.4 37982 -9.926 152.45 37982 -9.903 152.5 37982 -9.876 152.55 37982 -9.923 152.6 37982 -9.924 152.65 37982 -9.985 152.7 37982 -9.974 152.75 37983 -9.892 152.8 37983 -9.858 152.85 37983 -9.857 152.9 37983 -9.803 152.95 37983 -9.902 153 37984 -10.003 153.05 37984 -9.886 153.1 37984 -9.823 153.15 37985 -9.802 153.2 37985 -9.844 153.25 37986 -9.848 153.3 37986 -9.833 153.35 37987 -9.791 153.4 37987 -9.778 153.45 37988 -9.71 153.5 37989 -9.702 153.55 37990 -9.666 153.6 37992 -9.694 153.7 37994 -9.666 153.75 37996 -9.902 153.8 37997 -9.616 153.85 37998 -9.596 153.9 38000 -9.555 153.95 38001 -9.672 154 38003 -9.82 154.05 38004 -9.822 154.1 38005 -9.909 154.15 38007 -9.892 154.2 38008 -9.829 154.25 38010 -9.863 154.3 38011 -9.968 154.35 38012 -9.883 154.4 38014 -9.906 154.45 38015 -9.924 154.5 38016 -9.939 154.55 38018 -10.029 154.6 38019 -10.076 154.65 38020 -10.085 154.7 38021 -10.007 154.75 38023 -9.95 154.8 38024 -9.975 154.85 38025 -10.006 154.9 38026 -9.858 154.95 38027 -9.909 155 38028 -10.006 155.05 38029 -9.934 155.1 38030 -9.962 155.15 38031 -9.926 155.2 38032 -9.892 155.25 38033 -9.736 155.3 38034 -9.759 155.35 38035 -9.672 155.4 38036 -9.668 155.45 38037 -9.564 155.5 38038 -9.609 155.55 38039 -9.573 155.6 38039 -9.695 155.65 38040 -9.716 155.7 38041 -9.807 155.75 38042 -9.825 155.8 38043 -9.885 155.85 38043 -9.871 155.9 38044 -9.929 155.95 38045 -9.986 156 38046 -10.144 156.1 38047 -10.071 156.15 38048 -10.072 156.2 38048 -10.149 156.35 38050 -10.062 156.4 38051 -10.008 156.45 38052 -9.981 156.5 38052 -10.07 156.55 38053 -10.018 156.6 38053 -10.055 156.65 38054 -10.019 156.7 38055 -9.96 156.8 38056 -9.823 156.85 38056 -9.896 156.9 38057 -9.908 156.95 38057 -9.896 157 38058 -9.991 157.1 38059 -9.925 157.15 38059 -9.974 157.2 38060 -9.986 157.25 38061 -10.05 157.3 38061 -10.007 157.35 38062 -10.043 157.4 38062 -9.907 157.45 38063 -9.984 157.5 38063 -9.917 157.55 38064 -10.027 157.6 38064 -9.99 157.65 38065 -9.992 157.7 38065 -9.928 157.75 38066 -9.89 157.8 38066 -9.813 157.85 38067 -9.763 157.9 38067 -9.908 157.95 38068 -9.768 158 38068 -9.905 158.05 38069 -9.862 158.1 38069 -9.845 158.15 38070 -9.857 158.2 38071 -9.823 158.25 38071 -9.864 158.3 38072 -9.857 158.35 38072 -9.898 158.4 38073 -10.043 158.45 38074 -10.168 158.5 38074 -10.225 158.55 38075 -10.251 158.6 38076 -10.229 158.65 38076 -10.3 158.7 38077 -10.333 158.75 38078 -10.459 158.8 38078 -10.371 158.85 38079 -10.422 158.9 38080 -10.358 158.95 38080 -10.401 159 38081 -10.459 159.05 38082 -10.5 159.1 38083 -10.507 159.15 38083 -10.438 159.25 38085 -10.211 159.3 38086 -10.293 159.35 38087 -10.271 159.4 38088 -10.255 159.45 38089 -10.29 159.5 38090 -10.175 159.55 38090 -10.092 159.6 38091 -10.041 159.65 38092 -9.919 159.7 38093 -9.863 159.75 38094 -9.831 159.8 38095 -9.822 159.85 38097 -9.802 159.9 38098 -9.842 159.95 38099 -9.792 160 38100 -9.836 160.05 38101 -9.829 160.1 38102 -9.847 160.15 38103 -9.721 160.2 38105 -9.816 160.25 38106 -9.724 160.3 38107 -9.698 160.35 38108 -9.51 160.4 38110 -9.392 160.45 38111 -9.238 160.5 38113 -9.3 160.55 38114 -9.264 160.6 38115 -9.282 160.65 38117 -9.251 160.7 38118 -9.369 160.75 38120 -9.558 160.8 38121 -9.534 160.85 38123 -9.514 160.9 38125 -9.616 160.95 38126 -9.915 161 38128 -9.623 161.05 38129 -9.452 161.1 38131 -9.481 161.15 38133 -9.333 161.2 38135 -9.373 161.25 38136 -9.401 161.3 38138 -9.346 161.35 38140 -9.377 161.4 38142 -9.397 161.45 38144 -9.436 161.5 38145 -9.375 161.55 38147 -9.5 161.6 38149 -9.484 161.65 38151 -9.488 161.7 38153 -9.434 161.75 38155 -9.417 161.8 38157 -9.372 161.85 38159 -9.436 161.9 38161 -9.36 161.95 38163 -9.336 162 38165 -9.17 162.05 38167 -9.195 162.1 38169 -9.146 162.15 38171 -9.507 162.2 38173 -9.008 162.25 38175 -9.005 162.3 38177 -8.894 162.35 38179 -8.83 162.4 38182 -8.779 162.45 38184 -8.76 162.5 38186 -8.637 162.55 38188 -8.704 162.6 38190 -8.611 162.65 38192 -8.629 162.7 38195 -8.706 162.75 38197 -8.783 162.8 38199 -8.837 162.85 38201 -8.894 162.9 38204 -8.851 162.95 38206 -8.913 163 38208 -8.952 163.05 38210 -8.959 163.1 38212 -9.006 163.15 38215 -9.196 163.2 38217 -9.286 163.25 38219 -9.153 163.3 38222 -9.145 163.35 38224 -9.005 163.4 38226 -9.16 163.45 38228 -9.171 163.5 38231 -9.298 163.55 38233 -9.204 163.6 38235 -9.247 163.65 38237 -9.135 163.7 38239 -9.194 163.75 38242 -9.155 163.8 38244 -9.161 163.85 38246 -9.008 163.9 38248 -9.018 163.95 38251 -8.809 164 38253 -8.774 164.05 38255 -8.803 164.1 38257 -8.746 164.15 38259 -8.822 164.2 38261 -8.816 164.25 38264 -8.891 164.3 38266 -8.924 164.35 38268 -8.996 164.4 38270 -8.869 164.45 38272 -8.934 164.5 38274 -8.893 164.55 38276 -8.851 164.6 38278 -8.826 164.65 38280 -8.908 164.7 38282 -8.869 164.75 38284 -8.95 164.8 38286 -8.948 164.85 38288 -8.958 164.9 38290 -8.877 164.95 38292 -8.907 165 38294 -8.784 165.05 38296 -8.727 165.1 38298 -8.652 165.15 38300 -8.613 165.2 38301 -8.629 165.25 38303 -8.475 165.3 38305 -8.483 165.35 38307 -8.479 165.4 38309 -8.484 165.45 38311 -8.422 165.5 38312 -8.427 165.55 38314 -8.379 165.6 38316 -8.396 165.65 38318 -8.334 165.7 38320 -8.334 165.75 38321 -8.305 165.8 38323 -8.24 165.85 38325 -8.149 165.9 38327 -8.279 165.95 38328 -8.222 166 38330 -8.194 166.05 38332 -8.219 166.1 38333 -8.243 166.15 38335 -8.29 166.2 38337 -8.239 166.25 38338 -8.197 166.3 38340 -8.131 166.35 38342 -8.161 166.4 38343 -8.074 166.45 38345 -8.054 166.5 38347 -8.045 166.55 38348 -8.042 166.6 38350 -7.98 166.65 38351 -8.033 166.7 38353 -7.954 166.75 38355 -7.998 166.8 38356 -8.017 166.85 38358 -8.055 166.9 38359 -8.04 166.95 38361 -8.102 167 38363 -8.154 167.05 38364 -8.243 167.1 38366 -8.341 167.15 38367 -8.297 167.2 38369 -8.316 167.25 38370 -8.245 167.3 38372 -8.303 167.35 38373 -8.25 167.4 38375 -8.393 167.45 38376 -8.473 167.5 38378 -8.634 167.55 38379 -8.547 167.6 38381 -8.648 167.65 38382 -8.677 167.7 38384 -8.79 167.75 38385 -8.713 167.8 38387 -8.714 167.85 38388 -8.585 167.9 38390 -8.672 167.95 38391 -8.707 168 38393 -8.755 168.05 38394 -8.675 168.1 38395 -8.757 168.15 38397 -8.764 168.2 38398 -8.809 168.25 38400 -8.876 168.3 38401 -8.868 168.35 38402 -8.852 168.4 38404 -8.744 168.45 38405 -8.759 168.5 38407 -8.643 168.55 38408 -8.699 168.6 38409 -8.593 168.65 38411 -8.607 168.7 38412 -8.455 168.75 38413 -8.55 168.8 38414 -8.498 168.85 38416 -8.619 168.9 38417 -8.715 168.95 38418 -8.8 169 38420 -8.731 169.1 38422 -8.693 169.2 38425 -8.58 169.3 38427 -8.625 169.4 38430 -8.601 169.5 38432 -8.576 169.6 38435 -8.606 169.7 38437 -8.61 169.8 38440 -8.621 169.9 38442 -8.512 170 38444 -8.461 170.1 38447 -8.27 170.2 38449 -8.406 170.3 38452 -8.571 170.4 38454 -8.679 170.5 38456 -8.53 170.6 38459 -8.591 170.7 38461 -8.32 170.8 38464 -8.332 170.9 38466 -8.193 171 38468 -8.305 171.1 38471 -8.426 171.2 38473 -8.544 171.3 38476 -8.462 171.4 38478 -8.537 171.5 38480 -8.542 171.6 38483 -8.44 171.7 38485 -8.349 171.8 38488 -8.358 171.9 38490 -8.487 172 38493 -8.43 172.1 38495 -8.405 172.2 38498 -8.314 172.3 38500 -8.35 172.4 38503 -8.24 172.5 38505 -8.446 172.6 38508 -8.375 172.7 38510 -8.427 172.8 38513 -8.306 172.9 38515 -8.253 173 38518 -8.062 173.1 38520 -8.195 173.2 38523 -8.154 173.3 38526 -8.298 173.4 38528 -8.248 173.5 38531 -8.194 173.6 38533 -8.039 173.7 38536 -8.217 173.8 38538 -8.273 173.9 38541 -8.196 174 38544 -8.191 174.1 38546 -8.299 174.2 38549 -8.266 174.3 38551 -8.146 174.4 38554 -8.079 174.5 38557 -8.186 174.6 38559 -8.337 174.7 38562 -8.245 174.8 38564 -8.159 174.9 38567 -8.121 175 38570 -8.156 175.1 38572 -8.207 175.2 38575 -8.33 175.3 38577 -8.244 175.4 38580 -8.258 175.5 38583 -8.294 175.6 38585 -8.275 175.7 38588 -8.225 175.8 38590 -8.303 175.9 38593 -8.196 176 38596 -8.046 176.1 38598 -7.816 176.2 38601 -7.773 176.3 38603 -7.91 176.4 38606 -7.803 176.5 38609 -7.856 176.6 38611 -7.841 176.7 38614 -7.918 176.8 38616 -7.95 177 38622 -7.807 177.1 38624 -7.88 177.2 38627 -7.902 177.3 38630 -7.878 177.4 38632 -7.859 177.5 38635 -7.947 177.6 38638 -7.929 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