Dongge Cave Stalagmite Holocene and Deglacial Oxygen Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Dongge Cave Stalagmite Holocene and Deglacial Oxygen Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 11/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Carolyn A. Dykoski, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Daoxian Yuan, Yanjun Cai, Meiliang Zhang, Yushi Lin, Jiaming Qing, Zhisheng An, Justin Revenaugh. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-099 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Dykoski, C.A., et al. 2006. Dongge Cave Stalagmite Holocene and Deglacial Oxygen Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-099. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Dykoski, C.A., R.L. Edwards, H. Cheng, D. Yuan, Y. Cai, M. Zhang, Y. Lin, J. Qing, Z. An, and J. Revenaugh. 2005. A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 233, pp. 71– 86. ABSTRACT: We present a continuous record of the Asian monsoon over the last 16 ka from d18O measurements of stalagmite calcite. Over 900 oxygen isotopic measurements providing information on shifts in monsoon precipitation are combined with a chronology from 45 precise 230Th dates. d18O and therefore Asian monsoon intensity generally follows changes in insolation, although changes in d18O are generally accommodated in abrupt shifts in contrast to smoothly varying insolation, indicating that threshold effects may be important. d18O decreased dramatically (~3 per mil) at the start of the Holocene (~11.5 ka) and remained low for ~6 ka. Four positive d18O events centered at 11225±97 yr BP (1.05 per mil), 10880±117 yr BP (1.15 per mil), 9165±75 yr BP (1.4 per mil), and a double event centered at 8260±64 yr BP (1.1 per mil) and 8080±74 yr BP (1.0 per mil) punctuated this period of high monsoon intensity. All four events correlate within error with climate changes in Greenland ice cores. Thus, the relationship between the Asian monsoon and the North Atlantic observed during the glacial period appears to continue into the early Holocene. In addition, three of the four events correlate within error with outburst events from Lake Agassiz. The decline of monsoon intensity in the mid-late Holocene is characterized by an abrupt positive shift in d18O which occurs at 3550±59 yr BP (1.1 per mil in ~100 yr). In addition, the Holocene is punctuated by numerous centennial- and multi-decadal-scale events (amplitudes 0.5 to 1 per mil) up to half the amplitude of the glacial interstadial events seen in the last glacial period. Thus, Holocene centennial and multi-decadal-scale monsoon variability is significant, although not as large as glacial millennial-scale variability. The monsoon shows a strong connection with northern South American hydrological changes related by changes in ITCZ position. Spectral analysis of the d18O record shows significant peaks at solar periodicities of 208 yr and 86 yr suggesting variation is influenced by solar forcing. However, there are numerous other significant peaks including peaks at El Nino frequencies (observed for high-resolution portions of the record between 8110 and 8250 yr) which suggest that changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns in addition to those forced by solar changes are important in controlling Holocene monsoon climate. In addition, for this high-resolution portion, we observe a distinctive biennial oscillation of the Asian monsoon, which has been associated with the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO). GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southern China PERIOD OF RECORD: 16 YrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: G. Comer and W. Broecker, NSF(USA) grants ESH0214041 and MRI0116395; a Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation Grant (CC8); the National Science Foundation of China grants 40328005 and 40231008; and grants from the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. DESCRIPTION: Stalagmite D4 was collected 500 m from the entrance and ~100 m below the surface in Dongge Cave, southern China (25°17N, 108°5E, elevation=680 m). Its total length is 304 cm and its diameter ranges between 12 and 20 cm. Most (~80%) of the rainfall in the region surrounding Dongge Cave occurs during the summer monsoon months (May–Oct). Rainwater collected at Guiyang, ~160 km northwest of Dongge Cave, has oxygen isotope ratios (VSMOW) which range between -3.4 per mil in the winter and -12.4 per mil in the summer. The Dongge Cave isotope record is therefore a proxy for Asian Monsoon intensity. DATA: Table 1. 230Th dating results from stalagmite D4 from Dongge Cave, China Sample Depth 238U 232Th 234UT* 230Th/238U 230Th age 230Th age 234UInitial** number (mm) (ppb) (ppt) (measured) (activity) (years, BP) (years, BP) (corrected) (uncorrected) (corrected) B1-1 4 430±0.75 1.6±47 -1.1±1.9 0.00134±0.0002 93±22 93±22 -1.1±1.9 B1-2 30 440±1.25 93.8±22 -5.2±3.3 0.00224±0.00017 246±19 183±21 -5.2±3.3 B2-5 82 495±0.94 122±24 -2.3±1.8 0.00415±0.00017 403±19 391±20 -2.3±1.8 B2-2 125 409±0.57 272±23 -11.7±1.5 0.00899±0.00022 945±24 914±33 -11.8±1.5 B2-4 135 276±0.85 240±21 -8.9±4.8 0.00991±0.00026 1044±29 1003±41 -8.9±4.8 B2-3 205 360±0.52 53.8±23 -14.4±1.5 0.01215±0.00028 1301±32 1294±32 -14.4±1.5 B2-1 227 212±0.36 0±47 -7.2±2.4 0.01349±0.00062 1441±69 1442±70 -7.3±2.4 B3-9 264 352±0.64 117±23 -10.7±1.7 0.01934±0.00040 2103±46 2088±47 -10.8±1.7 B3-3 286 252±0.32 172±23 -19.9±1.5 0.0231±0.00047 2551±22 2519±59 -20.0±1.5 B3-11 307 352±0.45 297±15 -8.8±1.4 0.02437±0.00119 2666±135 2627±138 -8.9±1.4 B3-6 330 173±0.22 55.3±23 -16.2±1.7 0.02916±0.00047 3233±55 3218±56 -16.3±1.7 B3-13 339 200±039 57±21 -11.4±12.2 0.03285±0.00051 3637±59 3625±60 -11.4±2.2 B3-10 396 472±0.59 1060±24 -2.5±1.2 0.03756±0.00033 4138±38 4034±84 -2.5±1.2 B3-7 465 301±0.49 207±23 -2.0±1.6 0.03798±0.00040 4184±46 4152±51 -2.1±1.6 B3-5 488 452±0.53 60.5±23 -6.0±1.3 0.03855±0.00043 4267±50 4260±50 -6.0±1.3 B3-4 545 165±0.22 40.0±23 -14.0±1.8 0.04148±0.00074 4641±86 4629±87 -14.2±1.8 B3-12 598 269±0.30 21.8±15 0.8±1.2 0.04675±0.00049 5171±56 5167±57 0.8±1.3 B3-1 640 386±0.68 29±45 -10.9±2.1 0.04806±0.00093 5387±109 5383±109 -11.1±2.2 B4-2 789 324±0.43 116±23 -24.6±1.3 0.05078±0.00043 5786±51 5769±53 -25.0±1.3 B4-5T 916 329±0.73 307±15 -9.3±1.9 0.05656±0.00042 6367±51 6324±60 -9.5±2.0 B4-1 985 270±0.35 130±24 -2.9±1.5 0.05869±0.00053 6571±62 6549±64 -2.9±1.6 B4-4 1092 474±0.57 64±15 1.1±1.2 0.06265±0.00031 7004±38 6998±38 1.1±1.2 B5-1 1212 265±0.31 41.3±21 -8.1±1.3 0.06549±0.00051 7406±61 7399±62 -8.2±1.3 B5-2 1258 373±0.46 84±13 -16.3±1.3 0.06741±0.00035 7698±43 7687±44 -16.3±1.3 B6-3 1412 338±0.51 137±0.22 -28.3±1.6 0.06968±0.00059 8076±73 8056±74 -28.9±1.6 B6-4 1482 230±0.30 20.2±23.1 -8.7±1.6 0.07216±0.00062 8201±75 8197±75 -8.9±1.6 B6-9T 1548 385±0.97 196±15 -15.5±2.3 0.07413±0.00048 8496±61 8472±64 -15.8±2.3 B6-2 1626 289±0.40 101±22 -0.4±1.5 0.07873±0.00060 8906±72 8890±73 0.4±1.6 B6-1 1638 249±0.74 3019±23 -2.8±4.6 0.08494±0.00080 9669±107 9105±416 -2.9±4.7 B6-8 1653 309±0.36 439±14 -16.3±1.3 0.08328±0.00050 9609±62 9542±78 -16.3±14 B6-5 1668 294±0.54 219±24 -15.8±1.8 0.08664±0.00088 10012±109 9977±112 -16.2±1.9 B6-7 1691 314±0.39 458±15 -7.3±1.5 0.09116±0.00048 10465±60 10,397±77 -7.3±1.5 B7-8 1717 372±0.71 217±23 -7.1±1.9 0.09497±0.00093 10927±116 10,890±118 -7.3±1.9 B7-1 1742 366±0.45 354±23 -8.8±1.3 0.09879±0.00065 11414±82 11,368±88 -9.1±1.3 B7-9 1763 452±1.25 265±15 -18.7±2.5 0.10051±0.00086 11751±86 11,723±88 -19.4±2.5 B7-7 1783 428±0.82 117±23 -15.6±1.8 0.10415±0.00061 12162±80 12,149±81 -16.2±1.9 B7-2 1795 386±0.66 465±22 -27.7±1.6 0.10610±0.00062 12571±81 12,514±91 -28.7±3.3 B7-3 1812 348±0.59 73.1±23 -17.6±1.6 0.11069±0.00069 13005±90 12,995±90 -18.2±1.7 B7-6 1833 372±0.62 23.9±24 -4.9±1.6 0.11350±0.00074 13172±95 13,169±95 -5.0±1.6 B7-4 1844 287±0.49 72.3±22 1.4±1.7 0.11427±0.00077 13170±97 13,165±98 1.5±1.7 B7-5 1869 302±0.88 98.4±23 -9.4±3.0 0.11682±0.00074 13653±103 13,638±104 -9.8±3.2 B8-2 1886 284±0.52 78.1±22 -8.3±1.7 0.12077±0.00079 14130±103 14,117±103 -8.6±1.8 B8-3 1905 259±0.46 397±23 -5.4±1.8 0.12732±0.00078 14907±102 14,835±114 -5.6±1.9 B8-4 1921 327±0.52 81.4±23 0.0±1.5 0.13317±0.00072 15552±94 15,541±95 0.0±1.5 B8-1 1935 406±0.55 562±22 -11±1.4 0.13511±0.00074 15983±97 15,918±108 -11.0±1.4 The error is 2sigma error. Decay constant values are L230=9.1577x10e-6/yr, L234=2.8263x10e-6/yr, L238=1.55125x10e-10/yr. Corrected 230Th ages assume an initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of (7.0±5.0)x10e-6. Samples B4-5 and B6-9 are marked with an * to designate the replacement of samples B4-3 and B6-6 (respectively). B4-3 and B6-6 had ages out o± stratigraphic order that are most likely due to a handling error. Samples B4-5 and B6-9 were redrilled along the same growth horizons as the previous samples and gave ages within stratigraphic order. 230Th ages are indicated in bold. Table S2. Dongge Cave stalagmite D4 Oxygen Isotope Data Years delta 18O (VPDB) -16.5 -7.9 1.7 -8.06 20.0 -7.98 38.2 -7.9 56.5 -7.73 91.3 -7.84 93.0 -7.94 94.7 -8.02 96.5 -7.83 98.2 -7.85 99.9 -8.05 101.6 -7.86 103.4 -8.15 105.1 -8.21 106.8 -8.08 108.6 -8.03 110.3 -7.98 112.0 -7.91 113.8 -7.66 115.5 -7.7 117.2 -7.85 119.0 -7.86 120.7 -7.86 122.4 -7.84 124.1 -7.94 125.9 -7.59 127.6 -7.78 129.3 -7.96 131.1 -7.95 132.8 -8.1 134.5 -7.99 136.3 -7.68 138.0 -7.88 139.7 -7.75 141.5 -7.86 143.2 -7.96 144.9 -8.36 146.6 -8.08 148.4 -7.66 150.1 -7.98 151.8 -7.97 155.3 -7.71 158.8 -7.75 165.7 -7.79 169.1 -8.18 172.6 -8.08 176.1 -7.88 179.5 -8.44 183.0 -8.04 187.0 -8.17 191.0 -8.29 195.0 -7.97 199.0 -7.85 203.0 -7.78 207.0 -7.72 211.0 -7.78 215.0 -8.09 219.0 -8.01 223.0 -8.05 227.0 -7.85 231.0 -8.12 235.0 -7.9 239.0 -8.03 243.0 -8 247.0 -7.98 251.0 -8.12 255.0 -8.05 259.0 -7.99 263.0 -8.1 267.0 -8.03 271.0 -7.72 275.0 -7.83 279.0 -7.63 283.0 -7.86 287.0 -7.93 291.0 -8.04 295.0 -7.93 299.0 -8.09 303.0 -7.89 307.0 -8 311.0 -7.96 315.0 -7.96 319.0 -7.57 323.0 -7.75 327.0 -7.9 331.0 -7.8 335.0 -7.73 339.0 -7.76 343.0 -7.75 347.0 -7.37 351.0 -7.63 355.0 -7.73 359.0 -7.24 363.0 -7.47 367.0 -7.69 371.0 -7.86 375.0 -7.82 379.0 -7.84 383.0 -7.7 387.0 -7.92 391.0 -8.01 403.2 -7.38 415.3 -7.62 427.5 -7.65 439.7 -7.53 451.8 -7.62 464.0 -7.46 476.2 -7.74 488.3 -7.52 500.5 -7.72 512.6 -7.57 524.8 -7.58 537.0 -7.75 549.1 -7.59 561.3 -8.04 573.5 -7.9 585.6 -7.93 610.0 -7.9 634.3 -7.97 646.4 -7.79 658.6 -8.04 670.8 -7.68 682.9 -7.78 695.1 -7.13 707.3 -7.94 731.6 -7.6 792.4 -7.06 853.2 -7.53 914.0 -7.61 958.5 -7.77 1003.0 -7.56 1023.8 -7.45 1044.6 -7.21 1065.4 -7.46 1086.1 -7.56 1106.9 -7.91 1127.7 -7.73 1148.5 -7.61 1169.3 -7.74 1190.1 -7.48 1210.9 -7.74 1231.6 -7.63 1252.4 -7.4 1273.2 -7.73 1294.0 -7.31 1327.6 -7.54 1361.3 -7.77 1394.9 -7.71 1428.6 -7.69 1494.3 -7.54 1581.6 -7.69 1668.9 -7.6 1756.2 -7.28 1843.5 -7.78 2070.4 -6.93 2088.0 -7.61 2107.6 -7.36 2127.2 -7.35 2146.8 -7.19 2166.4 -7.28 2186.0 -7.14 2205.6 -7.34 2225.2 -7.75 2244.8 -7.61 2264.3 -7.4 2283.9 -7.76 2303.5 -7.71 2323.1 -7.66 2342.7 -7.66 2362.3 -7.56 2381.9 -7.6 2401.5 -7.21 2421.1 -7 2440.7 -8.11 2460.3 -6.76 2479.8 -6.75 2499.4 -6.64 2519.0 -6.75 2524.1 -6.96 2529.3 -6.69 2534.4 -6.72 2539.5 -6.71 2544.7 -7.26 2549.8 -7.36 2555.0 -7.35 2560.1 -7.46 2565.3 -7.6 2570.4 -7.25 2575.5 -7.37 2580.7 -7.76 2585.8 -7.8 2591.0 -7.53 2596.1 -7.35 2601.3 -7.37 2606.4 -8.32 2611.5 -7.39 2616.7 -7.67 2621.8 -7.86 2627.1 -7.79 2652.8 -7.49 2678.5 -7.67 2704.2 -7.42 2729.9 -6.88 2755.6 -6.7 2781.2 -7.36 2832.6 -7.83 2896.9 -7.91 2961.1 -7.39 3025.4 -7.41 3089.6 -7.12 3153.8 -7.23 3217.6 -7.44 3330.4 -7.28 3443.2 -7.45 3556.0 -8.59 3631.2 -8.27 3649.2 -8.1 3667.2 -7.74 3685.2 -7.85 3703.2 -7.73 3721.1 -7.8 3739.1 -8.02 3757.1 -8.29 3775.1 -8.08 3793.1 -8.08 3811.0 -8.16 3829.0 -8.48 3847.0 -8.04 3865.0 -8 3883.0 -8.46 3901.0 -7.88 3918.9 -8.05 3936.9 -8.15 3954.9 -8.25 3972.9 -8.16 3990.9 -8.2 4008.9 -8.15 4030.4 -8.21 4045.1 -8.31 4049.4 -8.18 4053.7 -8.38 4057.9 -8.12 4062.2 -8.13 4066.5 -8.38 4070.8 -8 4075.0 -8.38 4079.3 -8.2 4083.6 -8.34 4087.9 -8.34 4092.1 -8.13 4096.4 -8.39 4100.7 -8.18 4105.0 -8.56 4109.2 -8.21 4113.5 -8.63 4117.8 -8.11 4126.3 -8.14 4134.9 -8.38 4143.4 -8.28 4152.0 -7.7 4175.5 -7.95 4199.0 -8.47 4222.4 -8.41 4245.9 -7.92 4272.9 -8.18 4305.3 -8.51 4337.7 -8.62 4370.0 -8.59 4402.4 -8.3 4434.8 -8.49 4467.1 -8.5 4499.5 -7.57 4531.9 -8.48 4564.2 -8.46 4596.6 -8.5 4629.0 -7.87 4679.8 -7.98 4730.5 -8.53 4781.3 -8.5 4832.1 -8.3 4882.8 -8.67 4933.6 -8.35 4984.3 -8.43 5009.7 -8.3 5035.1 -8.43 5060.5 -8.18 5085.8 -8.12 5111.2 -8.4 5136.6 -8.05 5162.0 -7.82 5177.3 -7.77 5190.2 -8.47 5203.1 -8.44 5215.9 -7.88 5228.8 -8.49 5241.6 -8.65 5254.5 -8.4 5267.3 -8.38 5280.2 -8.57 5293.1 -8.15 5305.9 -8.49 5318.8 -8.35 5331.6 -8.45 5344.5 -8.5 5357.3 -8.59 5370.2 -8.46 5383.0 -8.65 5389.5 -8.55 5395.9 -8.66 5402.4 -8.78 5405.0 -8.7 5414.1 -8.56 5420.5 -8.52 5427.0 -8.73 5433.5 -8.66 5440.0 -8.12 5452.9 -8.31 5459.4 -8.69 5465.9 -8.91 5472.4 -8.05 5478.8 -8.28 5485.3 -8.81 5491.8 -8.73 5498.3 -8.93 5504.7 -8.49 5511.2 -8.59 5517.7 -8.46 5524.2 -8.76 5530.6 -8.85 5537.1 -8.38 5543.6 -8.91 5550.1 -8.67 5556.6 -8.56 5563.0 -8.51 5569.5 -8.64 5576.0 -8.97 5595.4 -8.42 5621.3 -8.82 5647.2 -9.17 5673.1 -9.17 5699.0 -9.04 5724.9 -8.57 5750.8 -9.28 5782.1 -8.79 5825.8 -8.95 5869.5 -8.78 5913.2 -9.06 5956.9 -8.71 6000.6 -8.81 6044.3 -8.96 6088.0 -8.89 6131.7 -9.06 6175.4 -8.82 6219.1 -8.76 6262.8 -9.03 6306.5 -8.87 6343.5 -8.82 6376.2 -8.55 6408.8 -8.9 6441.4 -8.95 6474.0 -8.96 6506.6 -8.9 6539.2 -8.5 6578.4 -8.8 6620.4 -8.18 6662.4 -8.57 6704.3 -8.43 6746.3 -8.78 6788.2 -8.94 6830.2 -8.31 6872.2 -8.55 6914.1 -8.94 6956.1 -8.47 6998.0 -8.72 7031.5 -8.83 7064.9 -8.57 7094.9 -8.96 7128.4 -9.31 7161.8 -8.78 7195.2 -9.08 7228.6 -8.92 7262.0 -9.01 7295.4 -9.23 7328.9 -9.19 7362.3 -8.99 7395.7 -9.32 7455.4 -9.17 7518.0 -9.2 7580.6 -8.92 7643.2 -9.13 7694.2 -9.15 7718.1 -9.2 7742.1 -8.68 7766.1 -9.06 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