# Huangchao Cave, China 2,200 Year Stalagmite Isotope and Trace Element Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31535 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/huangchao2020elem.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data Type: Speleothems # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, geochemistry #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-10-12 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-10-12 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Huangchao Cave, China 2,200 Year Stalagmite Isotope and Trace Element Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tan, L.; Liu, W.; Wang, T.; Cheng, P.; Zang, J.; Wang, X.; Ma, L.; Li, D.; Lan, J.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H.; Xu, H.; Ai, L.; Gao, Y.; Cai, Y. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem stable isotope (d13C and d18O) and trace element (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) records, plus precipitation index reconstruction, from Huangchao Cave, China during 174BC-AD1810. # Provided Keywords: Speleothem, Stable isotopes, Trace elements, Deforestation, Human activity, 16th century #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Liangcheng Tan, Wen Liu, Tianli Wang, Peng Cheng, Jingjie Zang, Xiqian Wang, Le Ma, Dong Li, Jianghu Lan, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, Hai Xu, Li Ai, Yongli Gao, Yanjun Cai # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-08-13 # Published_Title: A multiple-proxy stalagmite record reveals historical deforestation in central Shandong, northern China # Journal_Name: Science China-Earth Sciences # Volume: 63 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1622-1632 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1007/s11430-019-9649-1 # Online_Resource: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11430-019-9649-1 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Evaluating anthropogenic impacts on regional vegetation changes during historical time is not only important for a better understanding of the Anthropocene but also valuable in improving the vegetation-climate models. In this study, we analyzed stable isotopes (d18O, d13C) and trace elements (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) of a stalagmite from Huangchao Cave in central Shandong, northern China. 230Th and AMS14C dating results indicate the stalagmite deposited during 174BC and AD1810, with a hiatus between AD638 and 1102. Broad similarities of the d18O and trace elements in the stalagmite suggest they are reliable precipitation indexes. The d13C of the stalagmite, a proxy of vegetation change, was generally consistent with local precipitation and temperature variations on a centennial-scale before the 15th century. It typically varied from -9.6 per mil to -6.3 per mil, indicating climate controlled C3 type vegetation during this period. However, a persistent and marked increasing trend in the d13C record was observed since the 15th century, resulting in d13C values from -7.7 per mil to -1.6 per mil in the next four centuries. This unprecedented d13C change caused by vegetation deterioration cannot be explained by climate change but is fairly consistent with the dramatically increasing population and farmland in Shandong. We suggest that the increasing deforestation and reclamation in central Shandong began to affect vegetation in the mountain region of central Shandong since the 15th century and severely destroyed or even cleared the forest during the 16th-18th century. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41991252 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Strategic Priority Research Program # Grant: XDB40000000 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences # Grant: 132B61KYSB20170005 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41888101 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USA National Science Foundation # Grant: 0908792, 1211299, 1702816 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: 111 Program of China # Grant: D19002 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Belt & Road Center for Climate and Environment Studies of IEECAS # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Huangchao Cave # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.6167 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.6167 # Easternmost_Longitude: 118.33 # Westernmost_Longitude: 118.33 # Elevation: 518 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Huangchao2020elem # Earliest_Year: -174 # Most_Recent_Year: 1810 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length: # Notes: hiatus between 27 and 28 mm (627-1102 CE) #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # 230Th dating results # Sample No. Depth (mm) 238U (ppb) 232Th (ppt) 230Th/ 232Th (atomic x10 -6) d234U *(measured) 230Th/238U(activity) 230Th age (yr)(uncorrected) 230Th age (yr)(corrected) d234U Initial **(corrected) 230Th age (yr BP) (corrected) # HC-1 2 534.1±29.8 3572±72 23±1 1233.2±34.6 0.0093±0.0006 457±28 370±66 1234±35 303±66 # HC-1d 3 347.0±0.4 2320±47 23±1 1397.4±2.7 0.0093±0.0006 425±26 344±63 1399±3 277±63 # HC-1a 5 395.9±0.5 46932±941 13±0 1436.5±3.0 0.0966±0.0008 4394±39 2978±1004 1449±5 2911±1004 # HC-2d 13 423.3±0.6 11445±229 68±1 1325.1±2.6 0.1119±0.0006 5356±28 5020±239 1344±3 4953±239 # HC-3d 25 339.1±0.5 20790±417 18±0 1547.3±3.2 0.0682±0.0007 2952±32 2252±496 1557±4 2185±496 # HC-3c 26.5 376.1±0.6 23045±462 34±1 1484.5±3.0 0.1265±0.0005 5672±25 4959±506 1505±4 4892±506 # HC-4d 28 342.0±0.3 10426±209 42±1 1485.9±2.1 0.0779±0.0006 3461±28 3106±253 1499±2 3039±253 # S694-2 29.5 355.8±0.5 1238±26 164±4 1600.1±2.9 0.0347±0.0004 1463±16 1424±32 1607±3 1357±32 # S695-3 37.5 388.4±0.6 1387±28 183±4 1649.4±2.8 0.0397±0.0003 1642±14 1603±31 1657±3 1536±31 # HC-2 51.5 427.0±0.9 2320±47 143±3 1496.3±3.4 0.0472±0.0003 2079±14 2016±47 1505±3 1949±47 # HC-9a 54.5 453.4±0.6 3018±61 125±3 1469.3±3.2 0.0504±0.0009 2244±41 2165±69 1478±3 2098±69 # # # AMS 14 C dating results # Lab No. Sample No. Depth from top (mm) Dated material 14C age (yr BP) Error 14C calibrated age (cal yr BP) (1sigma) Age (yr BP) Upper Lower Median probability # XA19330 HC-3-C 8 Charcoal 449 23 501 516 509 # XA19331 HC-4-C 16 Charcoal 563 28 537 627 598 # XA19332 HC-5-C 20 Charcoal 685 25 572 672 659 # XA19333 HC-6-C 22 Charcoal 694 22 656 673 664 # XA18196 TLC-W-7 25 Charcoal 775 24 678 725 698 # XA18197 TLC-W-8 27 Charcoal 908 25 787 904 848 # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## depth depth, , , millimeter, , speleothems; climate reconstructions, , ,N, ## ageCE age, , , year Common Era, , speleothems; climate reconstructions, , ,N, ## 1000*Sr/Ca strontium/calcium, calcium carbonate, , millimole per mole, ,speleothems,,,N, ## 1000*Mg/Ca magnesium/calcium, calcium carbonate, , millimole per mole, ,speleothems,,,N, ## PrecipNDX moisture index, , , dimensionless, ,speleothems; climate reconstructions,,,N, PCA1/Precipitation index # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth ageCE 1000*Sr/Ca 1000*Mg/Ca PrecipNDX 0.1 1810 0.06749 15.28709 0.91255 1 1764 0.1027 17.43586 1.47658 2 1718 0.06821 13.61231 0.09639 3 1672 0.03831 14.8129 -0.12243 4 1625 0.05858 14.2113 -0.15701 5 1579 0.10292 20.28715 2.64555 6 1533 0.06854 18.97708 1.21919 7 1487 0.08953 13.95115 0.0074 8 1441 0.07729 17.16634 0.88826 9 1430 0.06091 12.58473 -0.53304 10 1419 0.05637 14.67218 -0.07427 11 1408 0.05795 14.04135 -0.48369 12 1397 0.06566 16.61586 0.73203 13 1386 0.07419 13.55765 0.12226 14 1375 0.07082 12.63864 -0.17038 15 1364 0.06682 13.02257 -0.84376 16 1352 0.06142 16.46198 -0.02749 17 1339 0.04834 12.86673 -0.79539 18 1325 0.0561 14.42515 -0.72261 19 1311 0.05126 12.81171 0.02462 20 1298 0.05473 14.0251 -0.58294 21 1290 0.05709 11.82357 -0.26214 22 1282 0.0542 17.01348 1.26837 23 1272 0.05453 11.27549 -0.6885 24 1262 0.0482 13.73476 -0.05021 25 1251 0.0538 13.21602 -0.20797 26 1177 0.07105 13.39724 0.0929 27 1102 0.05442 13.33702 0.18473 28 627 0.04526 15.53415 0.14495 29 605 0.05804 11.34646 -1.14295 30 582 0.07301 12.03596 -0.44494 31 560 0.06432 9.61753 -2.46498 32 537 0.05998 8.64735 -2.08967 33 515 0.06078 12.7491 -1.48363 34 492 0.05499 11.44328 -1.09032 35 470 0.05228 10.44272 -1.73353 36 447 0.05915 12.61728 -1.09292 37 425 0.07046 11.16881 -0.73777 38 399 0.06968 12.17521 -0.65937 39 369 0.06062 15.22694 -0.04061 40 340 0.0609 14.9517 0.47113 41 311 0.1006 14.92858 0.87406 42 281 0.05294 12.34748 -0.81971 43 252 0.05331 14.86569 -0.46907 44 222 0.0565 12.10112 -0.84099 45 193 0.07184 19.4362 1.6802 46 163 0.06885 16.80745 1.14307 47 134 0.12122 13.24785 1.36348 48 104 0.05646 16.09966 0.72681 49 75 0.08135 17.2241 1.53893 50 45 0.06104 12.23773 -0.1911 51 16 0.06134 14.06601 0.56204 52 -24 0.06935 13.81601 0.21767 53 -74 0.07391 17.2509 0.96551 54 -124 0.07113 21.44011 1.66474