# Chongqing, Southwest China Holocene Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26510 
#       Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/jinfo2019j13d18o.txt
#       Description: NOAA location of the template
#
# Original_Source_URL:  
#       Description:
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Speleothems
#
# Dataset DOI: 
#
# Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes 
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-29
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#	Date: 2019-03-29
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Chongqing, Southwest China Holocene Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Yang, X.; Yang, H.; Wang, B.; Huang, L.-J.; Shen, C.-C.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#	Description: Oxygen isotope (d18O) data from 4 Holocene stalagmites collected from three caves in Chongqing, southwest China. 
#	Included are data from stalagmite QM09 from Shizi Cave, stalagmites J12 and J13 from Jinfo Cave, stalagmite HF01 from Heifeng Cave, 
#	plus stacked data from all 4 Chongqing stalagmites.  
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: Xunlin Yang, Hong Yang, Baoyan Wang, Li-Jung Huang, Chuan-Chou Shen, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2019-02-28     
#	Published_Title: Early-Holocene monsoon instability and climatic optimum recorded by Chinese stalagmites
#	Journal_Name: The Holocene
#	Volume: 
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 
#	Pages:
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1177/0959683619831433
#	Online_Resource: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619831433
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The timing and duration of the Holocene East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) maximum and the interpretation of Chinese stalagmite d18O records have long been disputed. Notably, interpretations of Holocene EASM variations are frequently based on a single record or study area and are often contradictory. In this study, we conducted stable isotope analyses of four Holocene stalagmites from Chongqing, southwest China. The results reveal differences in the timing of the Holocene EASM maximum and to try to resolve the inconsistency we analyzed and statistically integrated a total of 16 Holocene stalagmite records from 14 caves in the EASM region. The resulting synthesized Holocene stalagmite d18O (d18Osyn) record is in agreement with other EASM records and confirms that stalagmite d18O records are a valid indicator of EASM intensity, rather of local precipitation amount. The d18Osyn record shows that the EASM intensified rapidly from the onset of the early Holocene; notably, however, there were distinct EASM oscillations in the early Holocene, consisting of three abrupt millennial-scale events. This indicates that, contrary to several previous interpretations, the early Holocene EASM was unstable. Subsequently, during 8-6 kyr BP, the EASM was relatively stable and strong, with the strongest monsoon occurring during 8-7 kyr BP. This evidence of a stable and strong mid-Holocene EASM in eastern China is in accord with the classical view of a mid-Holocene Optimum in China.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Key R&D Program of China
#	Grant: 2016YFC0502301
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China
#	Grant: 41572158, 41272192, 41072141, 41888101
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
#	Grant: Southwest University XDJK2012A003
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Science Vanguard Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) 
#	Grant: 106-2628-M-002-013
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: National Taiwan University
#	Grant: 105R7625
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Higher Education Sprout Project of the Ministry of Education, Taiwan ROC
#	Grant: 107L901001
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Jinfo Cave
#	Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China
#	Country: China
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 29.0167
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 29.0167
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: 107.1792
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: 107.1792
# 	Elevation: 2114 m
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Jinfo2019J13d18O
#	Earliest_Year: 10500
#	Most_Recent_Year: 260
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: 0.210 m
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 	
#----------------	
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) 
#
## age_calkaBP	age, , , calendar Kyears before present, , , , ,N,
## d18OcarbVPDB	delta18O, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
age_calkaBP	d18OcarbVPDB
0.26	-7.12
0.26	-7.30
0.27	-7.24
0.27	-7.33
0.28	-7.46
0.28	-7.53
0.28	-7.40
0.29	-7.54
0.29	-7.36
0.30	-7.70
0.30	-7.57
0.31	-7.38
0.32	-7.45
0.32	-7.51
0.33	-7.26
0.34	-7.19
0.35	-7.01
0.36	-7.58
0.37	-7.41
0.38	-7.55
0.39	-7.58
0.39	-7.35
0.40	-7.30
0.41	-7.35
0.42	-7.54
0.43	-7.51
0.44	-7.52
0.45	-7.75
0.45	-8.01
0.46	-7.63
0.48	-7.78
0.51	-7.90
0.54	-7.26
0.57	-7.06
0.61	-6.80
0.64	-6.86
0.67	-6.95
0.70	-6.76
0.73	-6.70
0.79	-6.80
0.82	-7.04
0.85	-7.12
0.89	-7.25
0.92	-7.58
0.95	-7.44
0.98	-7.25
1.01	-7.31
1.04	-7.72
1.07	-7.42
1.10	-7.50
1.13	-7.54
1.16	-7.33
1.19	-7.52
1.22	-7.45
1.25	-7.50
1.28	-7.19
1.32	-7.22
1.34	-7.39
1.36	-7.55
1.37	-7.43
1.39	-7.33
1.41	-7.41
1.43	-6.99
1.45	-7.32
1.46	-7.32
1.53	-7.46
1.62	-7.62
1.71	-7.15
1.81	-7.03
1.90	-7.23
1.98	-7.70
1.99	-7.79
2.00	-7.84
2.01	-7.65
2.02	-7.45
2.03	-7.52
2.04	-7.24
2.05	-7.12
2.06	-7.46
2.07	-7.63
2.08	-7.28
2.09	-7.05
2.11	-7.26
2.12	-7.18
2.13	-7.23
2.14	-7.45
2.15	-7.46
2.16	-7.23
2.17	-7.26
2.18	-7.42
2.19	-7.87
2.20	-7.58
2.22	-7.53
2.23	-7.35
2.24	-7.41
2.25	-7.74
2.26	-7.70
2.27	-7.40
2.28	-7.44
2.29	-7.70
2.29	-7.56
2.30	-7.38
2.31	-7.47
2.31	-7.25
2.32	-7.57
2.32	-7.46
2.33	-7.49
2.34	-7.44
2.34	-7.56
2.35	-7.27
2.35	-7.41
2.36	-7.38
2.36	-7.32
2.37	-7.25
2.38	-7.32
2.38	-7.28
2.39	-7.40
2.39	-7.44
2.40	-7.45
2.41	-7.42
2.41	-7.35
2.42	-7.32
2.42	-7.47
2.43	-7.47
2.43	-7.44
2.44	-7.26
2.56	-7.40
2.68	-7.40
2.76	-7.65
2.84	-7.48
2.92	-7.51
2.99	-7.23
3.07	-7.17
3.15	-7.06
3.24	-7.17
3.32	-7.07
3.40	-7.10
3.48	-7.20
3.57	-7.22
3.65	-7.18
3.73	-7.39
3.81	-7.26
3.90	-7.54
3.98	-8.18
4.06	-8.28
4.08	-8.14
4.09	-8.40
4.10	-8.31
4.11	-8.22
4.12	-8.19
4.13	-8.00
4.14	-8.10
4.15	-8.05
4.16	-8.12
4.17	-7.97
4.18	-8.29
4.19	-8.18
4.20	-8.22
4.22	-8.66
4.24	-8.51
4.26	-8.31
4.28	-7.49
4.31	-8.06
4.33	-8.07
4.35	-8.11
4.37	-8.11
4.39	-8.28
4.41	-8.16
4.42	-8.24
4.43	-8.17
4.44	-8.35
4.45	-8.51
4.46	-8.23
4.47	-8.28
4.48	-8.17
4.49	-8.40
4.50	-8.27
4.51	-8.04
4.52	-8.35
4.53	-8.39
4.55	-8.21
4.56	-8.22
4.57	-8.37
4.58	-8.45
4.59	-8.45
4.60	-8.69
4.61	-8.67
4.61	-8.84
4.62	-8.45
4.62	-8.54
4.63	-8.54
4.64	-8.59
4.64	-8.59
4.65	-8.62
4.65	-8.61
4.66	-8.61
4.66	-8.80
4.67	-8.43
4.68	-8.48
4.69	-8.49
4.71	-8.53
4.72	-8.46
4.74	-8.30
4.75	-8.09
4.76	-8.22
4.78	-8.30
4.79	-8.18
4.81	-8.12
4.82	-8.41
4.83	-8.37
4.85	-8.34
4.86	-8.40
4.87	-8.39
4.88	-8.44
4.90	-8.52
4.91	-8.76
4.92	-8.67
4.93	-8.33
4.95	-8.33
4.96	-8.20
4.97	-8.61
4.99	-8.44
5.00	-8.36
5.02	-8.53
5.03	-8.56
5.04	-8.61
5.06	-8.61
5.07	-8.52
5.08	-8.47
5.10	-8.40
5.11	-8.43
5.12	-8.50
5.14	-8.19
5.15	-8.52
5.17	-8.56
5.18	-8.39
5.19	-8.53
5.21	-8.38
5.22	-8.44
5.23	-8.83
5.25	-8.66
5.26	-8.43
5.28	-7.90
5.29	-8.24
5.30	-8.34
5.31	-8.53
5.33	-8.77
5.34	-8.69
5.35	-8.92
5.37	-8.72
5.38	-8.79
5.39	-8.64
5.40	-8.69
5.41	-8.43
5.42	-8.49
5.43	-8.26
5.44	-8.36
5.45	-8.45
5.46	-8.43
5.47	-8.55
5.48	-8.56
5.48	-8.79
5.49	-8.73
5.51	-8.96
5.52	-8.96
5.53	-8.84
5.54	-8.98
5.55	-8.74
5.57	-8.64
5.58	-8.51
5.59	-8.64
5.60	-8.71
5.61	-8.72
5.63	-8.73
5.64	-8.92
5.65	-8.80
5.66	-8.76
5.67	-8.62
5.70	-8.80
5.72	-8.61
5.75	-8.70
5.78	-8.58
5.80	-8.72
5.83	-8.63
5.86	-8.59
5.88	-8.80
5.91	-8.72
5.94	-8.80
5.96	-8.77
5.99	-9.06
6.02	-9.10
6.05	-9.27
6.07	-9.13
6.10	-9.14
6.13	-9.04
6.15	-9.03
6.18	-8.82
6.21	-8.67
6.23	-8.70
6.26	-9.04
6.29	-9.04
6.32	-9.21
6.34	-9.20
6.37	-9.37
6.40	-9.09
6.42	-9.12
6.45	-9.08
6.48	-9.01
6.51	-8.80
6.53	-9.20
6.56	-8.83
6.59	-8.84
6.61	-8.94
6.64	-9.09
6.67	-8.92
6.69	-9.02
6.73	-8.81
6.78	-8.89
6.82	-8.71
6.86	-8.99
6.90	-9.21
6.95	-9.10
6.99	-9.04
7.03	-9.04
7.07	-9.01
7.12	-8.78
7.16	-8.95
7.20	-8.99
7.25	-9.14
7.29	-9.17
7.33	-9.16
7.37	-9.21
7.42	-9.24
7.46	-9.23
7.50	-9.41
7.53	-9.25
7.57	-9.60
7.60	-9.35
7.64	-9.34
7.68	-9.33
7.71	-9.21
7.75	-9.20
7.78	-9.30
7.82	-9.27
7.86	-9.38
7.89	-9.42
7.93	-9.24
7.96	-9.35
8.00	-9.34
8.04	-9.43
8.08	-9.23
8.12	-9.18
8.16	-8.81
8.19	-8.61
8.23	-8.80
8.27	-8.75
8.30	-8.96
8.33	-9.04
8.36	-8.95
8.40	-9.12
8.43	-8.99
8.47	-9.07
8.51	-9.16
8.55	-9.22
8.59	-8.68
8.63	-8.92
8.67	-8.71
8.71	-8.79
8.76	-8.60
8.80	-8.73
8.84	-8.51
8.88	-8.78
8.92	-8.81
8.96	-9.10
9.00	-8.85
9.04	-9.00
9.09	-9.00
9.14	-9.37
9.20	-9.13
9.26	-9.01
9.32	-9.04
9.38	-9.05
9.44	-9.06
9.50	-9.21
9.56	-9.01
9.62	-9.38
9.68	-9.28
9.74	-9.39
9.80	-9.27
9.86	-9.47
9.92	-9.33
9.98	-9.39
10.04	-9.08
10.10	-9.26
10.16	-9.08
10.22	-8.88
10.28	-8.63
10.34	-8.50
10.35	-8.47
10.36	-8.51
10.36	-8.28
10.36	-8.50
10.37	-8.37
10.37	-8.26
10.38	-8.05
10.38	-8.23
10.39	-8.09
10.39	-8.46
10.40	-8.74
10.40	-8.67
10.40	-8.62
10.41	-8.52
10.41	-8.52
10.42	-8.54
10.42	-8.56
10.43	-8.67
10.43	-8.80
10.44	-8.88
10.44	-8.78
10.44	-8.74
10.45	-8.80
10.45	-8.79
10.46	-8.80
10.46	-8.76
10.47	-8.94
10.47	-9.02
10.48	-8.41
10.48	-8.88
10.49	-8.39
10.49	-8.42
10.50	-8.34
10.50	-8.38