Lianhua Cave, China Holocene Stable Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Lianhua Cave, China Holocene Stable Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 11/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Jason Cosford, University of Regina IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-123 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Cosford, J., et al. 2009. Lianhua Cave, China Holocene Stable Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-123. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Cosford, J., H. Qing, D. Mattey, B. Eglington, and M. Zhang. 2009. Climatic and local effects on stalagmite d13C values at Lianhua Cave, China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 280, pp. 235-244. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.05.020 Cosford, J., H. Qing, B. Eglington, D. Mattey, D. Yuan, M. Zhang, and H. Cheng. 2008. East Asian monsoon variability since the Mid-Holocene recorded in a high-resolution, absolute-dated aragonite speleothem from eastern China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 275, pp. 296–307. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.018 ABSTRACT (Cosford et al. 2009): Carbon isotopes in speleothems may serve as indicators of vegetative change, climatic conditions, and karst processes. In many recent studies of Chinese stalagmites, however, carbon isotopes have often been neglected or underutilized in interpreting paleoenvironments. Here, we present a continuous decadal-scale d13C record (819 measurements) of the mid- to late-Holocene from a precisely-dated (10 230Th dates) aragonite stalagmite from Lianhua Cave, Hunan Province, China. Compared to coeval stalagmites from other Chinese caves, the average d13C value (-3.6‰) of stalagmite A1 is higher by ~2-7‰. Variations in the d13C values (0.1‰ to -6.0‰) reflect changes in both vegetative productivity and inorganic processes, which respond to climatic processes. The d13C record of stalagmite A1 can be subdivided into three intervals: 1) warm–humid stage (6.6 to 3.8 ka); 2) transitional stage (3.8 to 1.6 ka); and 3) cool–arid stage (1.6 ka to present). Comparisons with other stalagmite and paleoclimatic records demonstrate that these intervals are generally consistent with changes in regional vegetation and climatic conditions. ABSTRACT (Cosford et al. 2008): Paleoclimatic conditions associated with the East Asian monsoon are reconstructed for the Mid- to Late-Holocene using d18O values (819 measurements) from a precisely dated (10 230Th dates) aragonite stalagmite from Lianhua Cave, Hunan Province, China. d18O values (-1.6‰ to -7.0‰) are interpreted to reflect the precipitation amount effect related to the strength of summer monsoonal circulation. Throughout this period, the intensity of East Asian summer monsoonal circulation declined in response to changes in insolation and a southward shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Punctuating this first-order trend are abrupt millennial- to decadal- scale fluctuations, the most prominent of which occurred around 3337±5 yr BP and records a dramatic weakening in summer monsoonal circulation that coincides with the beginning of Neoglacial conditions. Comparisons between the d18O values of stalagmite A1 and previously published data from stalagmite HS-4 from Heshang Cave and stalagmites D4 and DA from Dongge Cave, China, demonstrate a similar regional response to changes in East Asian monsoonal circulation. Several spectral analysis techniques and wavelet analysis were applied to these stalagmite records to evaluate the nature and character of cyclicity in the East Asian monsoon during the Holocene. Multi-Taper Method (MTM), Lomb–Scargle, and Single Spectrum Analysis (SSA) results reveal common periodicities that are unlikely to be artifacts of any single technique. The periodicities expressed in the stalagmite d18O records occur at both solar and non-solar frequencies and support previous interpretations that variability in monsoonal circulation responds to both solar forcing and internal climatic mechanisms. Wavelet analysis demonstrates that some of these frequencies are intermittent and recur at semi-regular intervals, which may indicate long-term cyclicity that is unconstrained by the chronology of the record. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southern China PERIOD OF RECORD: 6.6 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCE: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant funds to H.Q. DESCRIPTION: High-resolution stable isotope data for the mid and late Holocene from Stalagmite A1, Lianhua Cave, Longshan County, Hunan Province, China. The stable isotope data record variations in the East Asian monsoon over the past 6,600 years. Lianhua Cave: 109°32'E, 29°29'N, 455m elev. DATA: 1. Table 1. 230Th dating results for stalagmite A1 Sample Depth 238U 232Th 230Th/232Th d234U* 230Th/238U 230Th age 230Th age d234Uinitial 230Th age(corrected)*** Number (mm) (ppb) (ppt) (Atomic×10-6) (measured) (activity) (uncorr,yr) (corr,yr) (corrected) (yrBP) A-1 7.5 4374±8.0 732±10 123±2 975±3.3 0.0012±0.00002 69±0.9 66±2 975±3.3 10±2 A-2 23 2897±0.2 2760±28 75.6±1 1029±0.4 0.00437±0.00001 235±0.5 221±7 1030±0.4 165±7 A-3 36.5 1283±0.3 776±9 187±2 1014±0.6 0.0069±0.00003 372±1.7 363±5 1015±0.6 307±5 A-5 78 2939±4.7 414±8 1826±34 968±3.4 0.0156±0.00005 868±3.2 866±3 971±3.4 810±3 A-7 136 3355±0.2 355±6 7585±123 1092±0.5 0.0487±0.00005 2563±2.9 2562±3 1100±0.5 2506±3 A-8 181.5 1562±0.1 445±8 3188±55 1073±0.8 0.0551±0.00008 2930±4.3 2926±5 1082±0.8 2870±5 A-9 193.5 3016±0.2 372±6 7912±127 1096±0.3 0.05927±0.00005 3118±2.9 3117±3 1106±0.3 3061±3 A-10 245.5 3445±5.5 1138±12 3989±43 1190±3.6 0.0798±0.00017 4039±11.1 4035±11 1204±3.6 3979±11 A-13 322 4864±0.3 1990±20 4224±43 1203±0.5 0.1049±0.00013 5294±6.9 5289±7 1221±0.5 5233±7 A-16 411.5 4183±5.9 2312±23 3853±42 1172±3.3 0.1293±0.00051 6652±28.7 6644±29 1194±3.4 6588±29 L230=9.1577×10-6 Y-1; L234=2.8263×10-6 Y-1; L238=1.55125×10-6 Y-1. * d234U=([234U/238U]active-1)×1000. ** d234Uinitial calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial=d234Umeasured×eL234×T. Corrected 230Th ages assume an initial 230Th /232Th atomic ratio of (4.4±2.2)×10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. Errors are 2 sigma. *** B.P. stands for "before present" where the "present" is defined as the year 1950 A.D. 2. Lianhua Cave Stalagmite A1 Stable Isotope Data Distance AGE(BP) d18O d13C 0.0 -56.0 -3.63 -2.29 0.5 -51.6 -3.81 -2.23 1.0 -47.2 -3.86 -2.47 1.5 -42.8 -3.77 -2.45 2.0 -38.4 -4.15 -2.10 2.5 -34.0 -4.43 -2.02 3.0 -29.6 -4.37 -2.64 3.5 -25.2 -3.91 -2.40 4.0 -20.8 -4.47 -2.42 4.5 -16.4 -3.69 -2.49 5.0 -12.0 -3.81 -2.26 5.5 -7.6 -3.84 -2.75 6.0 -3.2 -3.96 -2.19 6.5 1.2 -3.81 -2.31 7.0 5.6 -3.78 -2.26 7.5 10.0 -3.59 -2.04 8.0 15.0 -3.61 -1.65 8.5 20.0 -3.54 -1.92 9.0 25.0 -3.37 -1.69 9.5 30.0 -3.49 -2.55 10.0 35.0 -3.41 -2.26 10.5 40.0 -3.15 -1.80 11.0 45.0 -3.15 -1.77 11.5 50.0 -3.49 -2.42 12.0 55.0 -3.61 -2.26 12.5 60.0 -3.85 -2.23 13.0 65.0 -4.21 -2.08 13.5 70.0 -3.97 -2.59 14.0 75.0 -3.91 -2.52 14.5 80.0 -3.87 -2.51 15.0 85.0 -3.33 -2.39 15.5 90.0 -3.40 -1.88 16.0 95.0 -3.64 -1.80 16.5 100.0 -3.52 -1.98 17.0 105.0 -3.44 -1.83 17.5 110.0 -3.71 -2.08 18.0 115.0 -3.87 -2.23 18.5 120.0 -3.88 -2.08 19.0 125.0 -3.36 -2.65 19.5 130.0 -2.71 -2.86 20.0 135.0 -2.50 -2.60 20.5 140.0 -2.79 -2.21 21.0 145.0 -2.86 -2.22 21.5 150.0 -2.54 -2.49 22.0 155.0 -2.36 -2.11 22.5 160.0 -2.88 -2.66 23.0 165.0 -3.19 -2.88 23.5 170.3 -2.19 -2.72 24.0 175.5 -2.61 -2.23 24.5 180.8 -2.74 -2.39 25.0 186.0 -2.29 -2.52 25.5 191.3 -2.17 -2.54 26.0 196.6 -1.90 -1.70 26.5 201.8 -2.03 -2.19 27.0 207.1 -1.60 -1.98 27.5 212.3 -2.05 -1.57 28.0 217.6 -2.47 -2.16 28.5 222.9 -3.06 -2.30 29.0 228.1 -3.51 -2.99 29.5 233.4 -3.13 -3.18 30.0 238.6 -3.42 -2.49 30.5 243.9 -3.51 -2.43 31.0 249.1 -3.69 -2.82 31.5 254.4 -3.50 -3.18 32.0 259.7 -3.57 -3.39 32.5 264.9 -3.36 -3.18 33.0 270.2 -3.25 -2.54 33.5 275.4 -3.55 -3.25 34.0 280.7 -4.18 -2.97 34.5 286.0 -4.68 -3.57 35.0 291.2 -4.38 -3.80 35.5 296.5 -4.58 -4.26 36.0 301.7 -4.04 -2.42 36.5 307.0 -4.25 -2.98 37.0 313.1 -3.71 -1.54 37.5 319.1 -3.86 -1.41 38.0 325.2 -3.66 -1.22 38.5 331.2 -3.87 -1.47 39.0 337.3 -3.80 -1.67 39.5 343.4 -4.56 -2.41 40.0 349.4 -4.30 -2.88 40.5 355.5 -3.90 -2.46 41.0 361.5 -4.19 -3.13 41.5 367.6 -4.28 -2.94 42.0 373.7 -4.05 -2.82 42.5 379.7 -4.24 -2.98 43.0 385.8 -4.78 -2.90 43.5 391.8 -4.68 -2.77 44.0 397.9 -3.93 -2.64 44.5 404.0 -3.98 -2.52 45.0 410.0 -4.33 -2.98 45.5 416.1 -4.28 -3.12 46.0 422.1 -4.21 -0.95 46.5 428.2 -3.93 -0.87 47.0 434.3 -3.92 -1.73 47.5 440.3 -4.05 -2.38 48.0 446.4 -4.37 -2.78 48.5 452.4 -4.80 -3.03 49.0 458.5 -4.60 -2.95 49.5 464.6 -4.51 -3.20 50.0 470.6 -4.30 -2.70 50.5 476.7 -4.77 -3.26 51.0 482.7 -4.95 -3.78 51.5 488.8 -5.01 -4.06 52.0 494.9 -4.63 -3.96 52.5 500.9 -4.55 -3.72 53.0 507.0 -4.59 -3.65 53.5 513.0 -4.88 -3.99 54.0 519.1 -4.72 -3.29 54.5 525.2 -4.22 -2.59 55.0 531.2 -4.12 -2.72 55.5 537.3 -4.33 -3.31 56.0 543.3 -4.02 -2.98 56.5 549.4 -4.54 -3.54 57.0 555.5 -4.61 -3.86 57.5 561.5 -4.54 -4.14 58.0 567.6 -4.77 -4.54 58.5 573.7 -4.51 -3.86 59.0 579.7 -4.08 -3.29 59.5 585.8 -4.03 -3.61 60.0 591.8 -4.19 -2.90 60.5 597.9 -4.21 -3.94 61.0 604.0 -4.33 -4.29 61.5 610.0 -4.30 -4.24 62.0 616.1 -4.69 -4.80 62.5 622.1 -4.18 -3.86 63.0 628.2 -4.62 -4.29 63.5 634.3 -4.28 -4.04 64.0 640.3 -4.16 -4.31 64.5 646.4 -4.49 -5.66 65.0 652.4 -4.26 -5.51 65.5 658.5 -4.01 -4.75 66.0 664.6 -4.37 -4.53 66.5 670.6 -4.27 -3.56 67.0 676.7 -4.21 -3.92 67.5 682.7 -4.36 -3.76 68.0 688.8 -4.39 -3.72 68.5 694.9 -4.16 -3.48 69.0 700.9 -3.93 -3.34 69.5 707.0 -3.97 -2.95 70.0 713.0 -3.98 -3.70 70.5 719.1 -4.41 -4.08 71.0 725.2 -4.16 -3.87 71.5 731.2 -3.63 -2.85 72.0 737.3 -4.76 -3.07 72.5 743.3 -4.89 -3.38 73.0 749.4 -4.68 -3.32 73.5 755.5 -4.84 -3.52 74.0 761.5 -4.94 -4.50 74.5 767.6 -4.87 -3.83 75.0 773.6 -4.56 -4.50 75.5 779.7 -4.39 -3.83 76.0 785.8 -4.38 -3.82 76.5 791.8 -4.52 -3.50 77.0 797.9 -4.63 -3.67 77.5 803.9 -4.75 -3.63 78.0 810.0 -4.73 -3.11 78.5 824.7 -4.48 -3.62 79.0 839.5 -4.06 -3.18 79.5 854.2 -4.00 -2.71 80.0 869.0 -4.54 -2.47 80.5 883.7 -4.79 -3.54 81.0 898.5 -4.70 -3.84 81.5 913.2 -4.60 -4.08 82.0 928.0 -4.64 -3.77 82.5 942.7 -4.54 -3.75 83.0 957.5 -4.75 -3.46 83.5 972.2 -4.78 -3.05 84.0 987.0 -4.48 -3.55 84.5 1001.7 -4.47 -3.85 85.0 1016.5 -4.71 -3.45 85.5 1031.2 -4.69 -3.26 86.0 1046.0 -4.54 -4.08 86.5 1060.7 -4.66 -4.53 87.0 1075.5 -4.61 -4.48 87.5 1090.2 -4.49 -4.15 88.0 1105.0 -4.41 -4.96 88.5 1119.7 -4.27 -4.39 89.0 1134.5 -4.28 -4.62 89.5 1149.2 -4.30 -4.09 90.0 1163.9 -3.89 -3.52 90.5 1178.7 -3.83 -2.78 91.0 1193.4 -3.65 -3.36 91.5 1208.2 -4.09 -3.47 92.0 1222.9 -4.01 -3.80 92.5 1237.7 -3.92 -3.81 93.0 1252.4 -4.39 -4.34 93.5 1267.2 -4.28 -3.20 94.0 1281.9 -4.17 -4.11 94.5 1296.7 -4.68 -4.13 95.0 1311.4 -4.91 -3.82 95.5 1326.2 -4.25 -4.48 96.0 1340.9 -4.01 -4.48 96.5 1355.7 -3.82 -5.29 97.0 1370.4 -3.59 -4.74 97.5 1385.2 -3.89 -4.16 98.0 1399.9 -3.90 -4.13 98.5 1414.7 -3.93 -4.47 99.0 1429.4 -4.07 -4.28 99.5 1444.2 -4.10 -3.69 100.0 1458.9 -4.59 -4.27 100.5 1473.7 -4.61 -4.19 101.0 1488.4 -4.31 -3.39 101.5 1503.1 -4.52 -3.27 102.0 1517.9 -3.86 -4.05 102.5 1532.6 -4.23 -4.68 103.0 1547.4 -4.14 -4.80 103.5 1562.1 -4.60 -4.62 104.0 1576.9 -4.12 -3.38 104.5 1591.6 -4.22 -3.02 105.0 1606.4 -4.28 -2.37 106.0 1621.1 -3.92 -2.13 106.5 1635.9 -4.19 -2.30 107.0 1650.6 -3.79 -1.70 107.5 1665.4 -3.61 -1.82 108.0 1680.1 -4.13 -1.99 108.5 1694.9 -4.19 -2.01 109.0 1709.6 -4.27 -2.63 109.5 1724.4 -4.41 -3.01 110.0 1739.1 -4.42 -2.89 110.5 1753.9 -4.38 -2.61 111.0 1768.6 -4.20 -2.76 111.5 1783.4 -3.97 -2.86 112.0 1798.1 -4.16 -3.42 112.5 1812.9 -4.33 -3.42 113.0 1827.6 -4.09 -3.21 113.5 1842.3 -4.15 -3.23 114.0 1857.1 -4.33 -2.88 114.5 1871.8 -3.98 -3.04 115.0 1886.6 -3.99 -3.62 115.5 1901.3 -4.02 -3.05 116.0 1916.1 -3.56 -3.06 116.5 1930.8 -3.49 -2.68 117.0 1945.6 -3.82 -2.55 117.5 1960.3 -4.36 -2.05 118.0 1975.1 -4.82 -1.89 118.5 1989.8 -4.93 -2.72 119.0 2004.6 -4.93 -3.61 119.5 2019.3 -4.43 -3.77 120.0 2034.1 -4.24 -3.46 120.5 2048.8 -4.77 -3.59 121.0 2063.6 -4.43 -3.14 121.5 2078.3 -4.26 -2.93 122.0 2093.1 -4.39 -3.86 122.5 2107.8 -4.53 -4.57 123.0 2122.6 -4.54 -4.84 123.5 2137.3 -4.26 -4.19 124.0 2152.1 -4.71 -5.17 124.5 2166.8 -4.42 -4.09 125.0 2181.5 -4.57 -3.82 125.5 2196.3 -4.83 -3.59 126.0 2211.0 -4.53 -3.34 126.5 2225.8 -4.25 -3.08 127.0 2240.5 -3.93 -2.92 127.5 2255.3 -4.08 -2.93 128.0 2270.0 -4.11 -2.54 128.5 2284.8 -4.16 -2.85 129.0 2299.5 -4.26 -2.79 129.5 2314.3 -4.47 -2.78 130.0 2329.0 -4.33 -2.47 130.5 2343.8 -4.51 -2.53 131.0 2358.5 -4.75 -3.04 131.5 2373.3 -4.84 -2.64 132.0 2388.0 -4.92 -2.25 132.5 2402.8 -4.17 -1.39 133.0 2417.5 -4.04 -1.21 133.5 2432.3 -4.11 -1.23 134.0 2447.0 -3.85 -0.89 134.5 2461.8 -3.79 -0.65 135.0 2476.5 -3.77 -0.43 135.5 2491.3 -3.64 -0.48 136.0 2506.0 -3.64 0.08 136.5 2510.0 -3.75 -1.12 137.0 2514.0 -4.05 -1.54 137.5 2518.0 -4.55 -1.25 138.0 2522.0 -4.05 -2.24 138.5 2526.0 -4.33 -3.37 139.0 2530.0 -4.56 -3.55 139.5 2534.0 -4.86 -3.38 140.0 2538.0 -5.28 -4.23 140.5 2542.0 -4.98 -3.82 141.0 2546.0 -5.31 -4.48 141.5 2550.0 -4.95 -4.09 142.0 2554.0 -5.04 -3.59 142.5 2558.0 -5.19 -4.11 143.0 2562.0 -5.11 -3.93 143.5 2566.0 -5.07 -4.11 144.0 2570.0 -4.61 -3.88 144.5 2574.0 -5.04 -4.20 145.0 2578.0 -5.30 -4.36 145.5 2582.0 -5.11 -4.80 146.0 2586.0 -4.62 -3.73 146.5 2590.0 -4.66 -4.00 147.0 2594.0 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