# Tianmen Cave, Tibetan Plateau Holocene Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:13625 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/china/tianmen2012holocene.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothem #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2012-12-18 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Tianmen Cave, Tibetan Plateau Holocene Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cai, Y.; Zhang, H.; Cheng, H.; An, Z.; Edwards, R.L.; Wang, X.; Tan, L.; Liang, F.; Wang, J.; Kelly, M. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # # High resolution (3 to 7 years) stalagmite oxygen isotope record from Tianmen Cave, # Tibetan Plateau providing a monsoon record for the mid-Holocene (8.7 to 4.3 ka BP). # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Yanjun Cai, Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, Zhisheng An, R. Lawrence Edwards, Xianfeng Wang, Liangcheng Tan, Fuyuan Liang, Jin Wang, Megan Kelly # Published_Date_or_YEAR: 2012-06-15 # Published_Title: The Holocene Indian monsoon variability over the southern Tibetan Plateau and its teleconnections # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 335-336 # Issue: # Pages: 135-144 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.035 # Abstract: A high-resolution stalagmite oxygen isotope record from Tianmen Cave, located in the south central Tibetan Plateau, characterizes detailed climatic variations between 8.7 and 4.3 ka BP on centennial and decadal time scales, with a temporal resolution of 3 to 7 years. The Tianmen record is in good agreement with speleothem records from Asian monsoon regions (i.e., Dongge Cave, Dykoski et al., 2005 and Wang et al., 2005; Qunf Cave, Fleitmann et al., 2003), upwelling records from the Arabian Sea (Gupta et al., 2003 and Gupta et al., 2005) and peat bog records from southeast Tibetan Plateau (Hong et al., 2003), indicating that the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) gradually weakened as Northern Hemisphere summer insolation declined during the early-mid Holocene and that ISM intensity, rather than temperature, dominates the precipitation d18O on centennial to decadal time scales in the southern TP. On centennial to decadal time scales, the detrended Tianmen record correlates well with the Greenland ice core record, further confirming the mechanistic connection between the ISM and high northern latitude temperature changes. Meanwhile, the Tianmen record bears significant solar activity cycles, suggesting that the solar output changes may affect the variability of the ISM and likely the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) as well. Moreover, due to joint effects of changes in monsoon precipitation, moisture source and temperature, the Tianmen d18O record shows much larger amplitude changes than speleothem d18O records from low-elevation Asian Monsoon regions, which is similar to the previously reported Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 record (Cai et al., 2010), suggesting heightened sensitivity of precipitation isotope composition to climate changes over the high-elevation regions and further demonstrating that the stable isotope lapse rate may change under different climatic conditions. # #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences # Grant: Knowledge Innovation Program (KZCX2-EW-QN109) #--------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences # Grant: West Light Foundation #-------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: EAR-0908792 #--------------------- # Funding_Agency_Name: Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation # Grant: CC8 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Tianmen Cave # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 30.9167 # Southernmost_Latitude: 30.9167 # Easternmost_Longitude: 90.0667 # Westernmost_Longitude: 90.0667 # Elevation: 4800 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Core_Name: TM-18-2012Holocene # First_Year: 9045 # Last_Year: 4147 # Time_Unit: CalYrBP # Core_Length: .13185 m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology # # 230Th dating results. The error is 2s error. # Sample Depth 238U 232Th d234U* [230Th/238U] [230Th/232Th] Age Age d234Uinitial** 230Th Age # ID /mm ppb ppt measured activity atomic×10-6 uncorrected corrected corrected (yr BP)*** # TM18a-1a* 12.5 224.9 ±0.4 3097 ±10 348 ±3 0.0579 ±0.0011 69 ±1 4779 ±96 4482 ±177 352 ±3 4420 ±180 # TM18a-1b 12.5 213.7 ±0.3 2706 ±54 341 ±2 0.0594 ±0.0004 77 ±2 4927 ±32 4653 ±197 346 ±2 4590 ±200 # TM18a-4 33.5 218.8 ±0.2 2865 ±57 325 ±2 0.0648 ±0.0003 82 ±2 5459 ±29 5172 ±205 330 ±2 5110 ±210 # TM18a-5 54.5 245.7 ±0.3 3800 ±76 329 ±2 0.071 ±0.0004 76 ±2 5975 ±34 5637 ±241 335 ±2 5580 ±240 # TM18a-6 66.5 285.3 ±0.3 2337 ±47 334 ±2 0.073 ±0.0004 147 ±3 6119 ±38 5941 ±132 340 ±2 5880 ±130 # TM18a-2* 76.5 444.4 ±1.0 743 ±10 341 ±4 0.0751 ±0.0009 741 ±14 6270 ±83 6234 ±85 347 ±4 6170 ±90 # TM18a-7 88.5 302.7 ±0.3 991 ±20 341 ±2 0.0824 ±0.0003 415 ±9 6894 ±31 6823 ±59 348 ±2 6760 ±60 # TM18a-8 100 273.3 ±0.2 2024 ±41 329 ±2 0.0884 ±0.0005 197 ±4 7484 ±42 7323 ±122 335 ±2 7260 ±120 # TM18a-9 110.5 320.2 ±0.4 821 ±17 306 ±2 0.0935 ±0.0004 601 ±13 8075 ±39 8018 ±56 313 ±2 7960 ±60 # TM18a-3* 122.5 435 ±0.7 253 ±8 303 ±3 0.0996 ±0.0008 2821 ±90 8647 ±78 8634 ±78 310 ±3 8570 ±80 # # TM18b-5 2 232.5 ±0.3 4235 ±85 444 ±3 0.0153 ±0.0003 14 ±0 1162 ±24 795 ±261 445 ±3 740 ±260 # TM18b-1* 4.5 430 ±0.9 11126 ±44 447 ±4 0.0197 ±0.0014 13 ±1 1493 ±106 972 ±282 448 ±4 910 ±280 # TM18b-2* 11.5 524.3 ±1.1 198 ±7 165 ±3 1.0796 ±0.0042 47231 ±1678 243216 ±4411 243208 ±4410 327 ±8 243100 ±4400 # TM18b-3* 43.5 514.2 ±1.1 502 ±7 147 ±3 1.0657 ±0.0038 17996 ±254 248570 ±4299 248548 ±4298 296 ±7 248500 ±4300 # TM18b-4* 126.5 672 ±1.3 225 ±7 67 ±3 1.0822 ±0.0035 53350 ±1768 493336 ±41144 493328 ±41141 271 ±39 493300 ±41100 # # "*d234U = ([234U/238U]activity – 1)x1000. ** d234Uinitial was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured x el234xT. " # Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 ±2.2 x10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular # "equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%." # ***B.P. stands for “Before Present” where the “Present” is defined as the year 1950 A.D. # #------------------ # Variables # # End Description/Documentation (lines begin with #) # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: material, error, units, anomaly, period, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # Data line format: tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # ## depth_mm Depth (mm), , ,mm, , , , ,N ## age_calBP Age (calendar years BP), , ,cal BP, , , , ,N ## d18OcarbVPDB delta O18 Carbonate, , , permil VPDB, , , , , N #------------------ # Data: # Missing_Values: NA depth_mm age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB 0.1 4147.8 -16.764 0.2 4150.6 -15.757 0.3 4153.5 -15.432 0.4 4156.4 -15.666 0.5 4159.3 -15.739 0.6 4162.2 -15.85 0.7 4165 -16.246 0.8 4167.9 -16.324 0.9 4170.8 -16.266 1 4173.7 -16.11 1.1 4176.6 -16.02 1.2 4179.5 -15.989 1.3 4182.3 -16.087 1.4 4185.2 -16.192 1.5 4188.1 -16.376 1.7 4193.9 -16.57 1.9 4199.6 -16.635 2.1 4205.4 -16.533 2.3 4211.1 -16.341 2.5 4216.9 -16.336 2.7 4222.7 -16.402 2.9 4228.4 -16.793 3.1 4234.2 -17.177 3.3 4240 -17.49 3.5 4245.7 -17.192 3.7 4251.5 -16.815 3.9 4257.2 -16.785 4.1 4263 -16.365 4.3 4268.8 -16.308 4.5 4274.5 -16.197 4.7 4280.3 -16.474 4.9 4286 -16.734 5.1 4291.8 -17.018 5.3 4297.6 -17.077 5.5 4303.3 -16.468 5.6 4306.2 -16.831 5.7 4309.1 -17.037 5.8 4312 -17.145 5.9 4314.9 -17.018 6 4317.7 -17.383 6.1 4320.6 -17.425 6.2 4323.5 -17.307 6.3 4326.4 -17.117 6.4 4329.3 -16.985 6.5 4332.1 -16.923 6.6 4335 -16.815 6.7 4337.9 -16.938 6.8 4340.8 -16.658 6.9 4343.7 -16.836 7 4346.5 -16.83 7.1 4349.4 -16.753 7.2 4352.3 -17.128 7.3 4355.2 -16.985 7.4 4358.1 -16.675 7.5 4361 -16.787 7.6 4363.8 -16.719 7.7 4366.7 -16.616 7.8 4369.6 -16.675 7.89 4372.2 -16.653 7.99 4375.1 -16.664 8.09 4378 -16.774 8.19 4380.8 -16.794 8.29 4383.7 -16.9 8.39 4386.6 -16.948 8.49 4389.5 -16.966 8.59 4392.4 -17.096 8.69 4395.2 -16.965 8.79 4398.1 -16.942 8.89 4401 -17.224 8.99 4403.9 -17.334 9.09 4406.8 -17.253 9.19 4409.6 -17.106 9.29 4412.5 -16.982 9.39 4415.4 -16.942 9.49 4418.3 -16.951 9.59 4421.2 -16.849 9.69 4424 -16.945 9.79 4426.9 -16.842 9.89 4429.8 -16.988 10 4433 -16.957 10.1 4435.9 -16.987 10.2 4438.7 -16.802 10.3 4441.6 -17.013 10.4 4444.5 -17.456 10.5 4447.4 -17.908 10.6 4450.3 -17.632 10.7 4453.1 -17.452 10.8 4456 -17.339 10.9 4458.9 -17.264 11 4461.8 -16.988 11.1 4464.7 -16.998 11.2 4467.5 -16.896 11.3 4470.4 -16.907 11.4 4473.3 -17.1 11.5 4476.2 -17.133 11.6 4479.1 -17.19 11.7 4482 -17.36 11.8 4484.8 -17.644 11.9 4487.7 -18.055 12 4490.6 -17.743 12.1 4493.5 -17.546 12.2 4496.4 -17.339 12.3 4499.2 -17.388 12.4 4502.1 -17.008 12.5 4505 -16.681 12.6 4507.9 -16.528 12.7 4510.8 -16.521 12.8 4513.6 -16.492 12.9 4516.5 -16.689 13 4519.4 -16.739 13.1 4522.3 -16.781 13.2 4525.2 -16.857 13.3 4528 -17.31 13.4 4530.9 -17.558 13.5 4533.8 -17.868 13.6 4536.7 -17.689 13.7 4539.6 -17.685 13.8 4542.5 -17.539 13.9 4545.3 -17.426 14 4548.2 -17.417 14.1 4551.1 -17.192 14.2 4554 -16.993 14.3 4556.9 -17.518 14.4 4559.7 -18.262 14.5 4562.6 -17.181 14.6 4565.5 -16.383 14.7 4568.4 -16.147 14.8 4571.3 -16.355 14.9 4574.1 -16.829 15 4577 -16.737 15.1 4579.9 -16.617 15.2 4582.8 -16.777 15.3 4585.7 -16.938 15.4 4588.5 -16.741 15.5 4591.4 -16.56 15.6 4594.3 -16.376 15.8 4600.1 -16.388 16 4605.8 -16.14 16.2 4611.6 -16.428 16.4 4617.4 -16.88 16.6 4623.1 -17.126 16.8 4628.9 -17.172 17 4634.6 -17.28 17.2 4640.4 -17.253 17.4 4646.2 -17.207 17.6 4651.9 -17.052 17.8 4657.7 -16.949 18 4663.5 -16.879 18.2 4669.2 -16.751 18.4 4675 -16.767 18.6 4680.7 -16.609 18.8 4686.5 -17.051 19 4692.3 -17.625 19.2 4698 -17.785 19.4 4703.8 -17.896 19.6 4709.5 -17.951 19.8 4715.3 -18.088 20 4721.1 -18.123 20.2 4726.8 -18.026 20.4 4732.6 -17.63 20.6 4738.4 -17.498 20.8 4744.1 -17.309 21 4749.9 -17.377 21.2 4755.6 -17.348 21.4 4761.4 -17.664 21.6 4767.2 -17.778 21.8 4772.9 -17.841 22 4778.7 -18.054 22.2 4784.5 -17.894 22.4 4790.2 -17.782 22.6 4796 -17.502 22.8 4801.7 -17.557 23 4807.5 -17.483 23.2 4813.3 -17.545 23.4 4819 -17.607 23.6 4824.8 -17.679 23.8 4830.5 -17.726 24 4836.3 -17.946 24.2 4842.1 -18.296 24.4 4847.8 -18.688 24.6 4853.6 -18.585 24.8 4859.4 -18.037 25 4865.1 -17.877 25.2 4870.9 -18.068 25.4 4876.6 -18.177 25.6 4882.4 -18.261 25.8 4888.2 -18.161 26 4893.9 -18.09 26.2 4899.7 -18.022 26.4 4905.5 -17.975 26.6 4911.2 -18.042 26.8 4917 -17.98 27 4922.7 -17.95 27.2 4928.5 -17.984 27.4 4934.3 -18.076 27.6 4940 -17.913 27.8 4945.8 -18.271 28 4951.5 -18.496 28.2 4957.3 -18.648 28.4 4963.1 -18.728 28.6 4968.8 -18.878 28.8 4974.6 -18.923 29 4980.4 -19.21 29.2 4986.1 -19.559 29.4 4991.9 -18.541 29.6 4997.6 -18.73 29.8 5003.4 -18.518 29.9 5006.3 -18.421 30 5009.2 -18.273 30.1 5012 -18.111 30.2 5014.9 -17.984 30.3 5017.8 -18.065 30.4 5020.7 -18.204 30.5 5023.6 -17.767 30.6 5026.5 -18.04 30.7 5029.3 -17.941 30.8 5032.2 -18.97 30.9 5035.1 -18.609 31 5038 -18.68 31.1 5040.9 -18.273 31.2 5043.7 -17.342 31.3 5046.6 -16.834 31.4 5049.5 -16.909 31.5 5052.4 -16.448 31.6 5055.3 -16.159 31.7 5058.1 -16.231 31.8 5061 -16.499 31.9 5063.9 -16.83 32 5066.8 -16.9 32.1 5069.7 -16.954 32.2 5072.5 -16.98 32.3 5075.4 -16.978 32.4 5078.3 -17.225 32.5 5081.2 -17.319 32.6 5084.1 -17.304 32.7 5087 -17.38 32.8 5089.8 -17.107 32.9 5092.7 -17.031 33.1 5098.5 -17.309 33.2 5101.4 -17.36 33.3 5104.2 -17.304 33.4 5107.1 -17.232 33.5 5110 -17.341 33.6 5112.2 -17.277 33.7 5114.5 -17.227 33.8 5116.7 -17.027 33.9 5119 -17.062 34 5121.2 -17.18 34.1 5123.4 -16.999 34.2 5125.7 -16.934 34.3 5127.9 -17.359 34.4 5130.1 -17.543 34.5 5132.4 -17.778 34.6 5134.6 -17.591 34.7 5136.9 -18.29 34.8 5139.1 -18.456 35 5143.6 -17.517 35.1 5145.8 -17.219 35.2 5148 -17.146 35.3 5150.3 -17.375 35.4 5152.5 -17.32 35.5 5154.8 -17.301 35.6 5157 -17.012 35.8 5161.5 -16.839 36 5166 -15.683 36.2 5170.4 -16.116 36.4 5174.9 -16.047 36.6 5179.4 -16.198 36.8 5183.9 -16.49 37 5188.3 -16.515 37.5 5199.5 -18.205 37.8 5206.2 -17.07 38.1 5213 -17.641 38.4 5219.7 -18.547 38.7 5226.4 -18.387 39.3 5239.8 -18.877 39.6 5246.5 -18.99 39.9 5253.2 -19.075 40.2 5260 -18.9 40.5 5266.7 -18.442 40.8 5273.4 -18.166 41.1 5280.1 -17.627 41.4 5286.8 -17.387 41.7 5293.5 -17.068 42 5300.2 -17.055 42.3 5307 -16.999 42.6 5313.7 -16.965 42.9 5320.4 -17.183 43.2 5327.1 -17.067 43.5 5333.8 -16.737 43.8 5340.5 -16.829 44.1 5347.2 -16.659 44.4 5354 -17.054 44.7 5360.7 -17.071 45 5367.4 -17.041 45.1 5369.6 -17.298 45.2 5371.9 -17.599 45.3 5374.1 -17.567 45.4 5376.3 -17.473 45.5 5378.6 -17.484 45.6 5380.8 -17.467 45.7 5383 -17.259 45.9 5387.5 -17.012 46.1 5392 -17.125 46.3 5396.5 -17.186 46.6 5403.2 -17.482 46.9 5409.9 -17.54 47.2 5416.6 -17.591 47.5 5423.3 -17.627 47.8 5430 -17.712 48.1 5436.8 -17.519 48.4 5443.5 -17.476 48.7 5450.2 -17.659 49 5456.9 -17.389 49.6 5470.3 -17.35 49.9 5477 -17.293 50.2 5483.8 -17.238 50.5 5490.5 -17.219 50.8 5497.2 -17.111 51.1 5503.9 -17.144 51.4 5510.6 -17.459 51.7 5517.3 -17.817 52 5524 -17.827 52.3 5530.8 -17.938 52.6 5537.5 -17.715 52.9 5544.2 -17.541 53.2 5550.9 -17.221 53.5 5557.6 -17.182 53.8 5564.3 -17.204 54.1 5571 -17.334 54.2 5573.3 -17.371 54.3 5575.5 -17.255 54.4 5577.8 -17.218 54.5 5580 -17.167 54.6 5582.5 -17.435 54.7 5585 -17.751 54.8 5587.5 -17.849 54.9 5590 -17.898 55 5592.5 -17.816 55.1 5595 -17.718 55.2 5597.5 -17.84 55.5 5605 -17.814 55.8 5612.5 -17.844 56.1 5620 -17.889 56.4 5627.5 -17.91 56.7 5635 -17.965 57 5642.5 -18.435 57.3 5650 -18.081 57.6 5657.5 -19.729 57.9 5665 -19.318 58.2 5672.5 -18.853 58.5 5680 -18.956 58.8 5687.5 -19.462 59.1 5695 -19.69 59.4 5702.5 -18.811 59.6 5707.5 -18.388 59.8 5712.5 -18.241 60 5717.5 -17.858 60.2 5722.5 -17.858 60.3 5725 -17.566 60.4 5727.5 -17.393 60.5 5730 -17.41 60.6 5732.5 -17.404 60.8 5737.5 -17.466 61 5742.5 -17.442 61.2 5747.5 -17.495 61.4 5752.5 -17.563 61.6 5757.5 -17.598 61.8 5762.5 -17.537 62 5767.5 -17.491 62.2 5772.5 -17.258 62.4 5777.5 -17.72 62.6 5782.5 -18.046 62.8 5787.5 -18.461 63 5792.5 -18.495 63.2 5797.5 -18.35 63.4 5802.5 -18.199 63.6 5807.5 -18.158 63.8 5812.5 -17.988 64 5817.5 -18.045 64.2 5822.5 -17.997 64.4 5827.5 -17.962 64.6 5832.5 -18.095 64.8 5837.5 -18.356 65 5842.5 -18.438 65.2 5847.5 -18.298 65.4 5852.5 -18.177 65.6 5857.5 -18.059 65.7 5860 -17.795 65.8 5862.5 -17.705 65.9 5865 -17.591 66 5867.5 -17.479 66.1 5870 -17.296 66.2 5872.5 -17.577 66.3 5875 -17.588 66.4 5877.5 -17.525 66.5 5880 -17.676 66.6 5882.9 -17.546 66.69 5885.5 -17.668 66.79 5888.4 -17.629 66.89 5891.3 -17.705 66.99 5894.2 -17.844 67.09 5897.1 -17.865 67.19 5900 -17.892 67.29 5902.9 -17.616 67.39 5905.8 -17.845 67.49 5908.7 -18.24 67.59 5911.6 -18.344 67.69 5914.5 -18.535 67.79 5917.4 -18.544 67.89 5920.3 -18.606 67.99 5923.2 -18.598 68.09 5926.1 -18.837 68.19 5929 -18.978 68.29 5931.9 -19.103 68.39 5934.8 -19.104 68.49 5937.7 -18.949 68.59 5940.6 -18.933 68.69 5943.5 -18.886 68.79 5946.4 -18.791 68.89 5949.3 -18.726 68.99 5952.2 -18.535 69.09 5955.1 -18.453 69.19 5958 -18.468 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