# Xianglong Cave 97 Year Stalagmite Growth Rate and Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17775 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/xianglong2013.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothems #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-01-21 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Xianglong Cave 97 Year Stalagmite Growth Rate and Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tan, L.; Yi, L.; Cai, Y.; Shen, C.-C.; Cheng, H.; An, Z. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Annual stalagmite growth rate data and temperature reconstructions for the past 97 years # from Xianglong Cave, central China. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Liangcheng Tan, Liang Yi, Yanjun Cai, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hai Cheng, Zhisheng An # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-07-15 # Published_Title: Quantitative temperature reconstruction based on growth rate of annually-layered stalagmite: a case study from central China # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 72 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 137-145 # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.022 # Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113001625 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: We used the annual growth rate of a stalagmite (XL21) collected from Xianglong Cave, central China, to quantitatively reconstruct regional terrestrial temperature changes over the last 95 years (1912-2006 AD). Based on a significant positive correlation between the growth rate and the observed temperature, a transfer function was designed, and the temperature from the previous September to May (P9-5) was reconstructed, with an explained variance of 43.5%. Our results show an increasing trend in temperature during the last century, and especially over the last 30 years. The temperature variability from central China recorded here bears a striking similarity to that in the Northern Hemisphere, and also to global trends. However, the cooling between the 1980s and the early 1990s seen in the stalagmite record, which interrupted the warming trend that began in the 1960s, is not observed in the mean conditions found in China, the Northern Hemisphere, neither globally. This methodology for reconstructing historical temperature from stalagmite growth rates overcomes the limitation of the short meteorological observation period and supports the potential of stalagmite lamina climatology. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences # Grant: XDA05080502, KZZD-EW-04-01 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41001061 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Basic Research Program of China # Grant: 2013CB955902, 2010CB833405 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Xianglong Cave # Location: Asia>Eastern Asia>China # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 32.9975 # Southernmost_Latitude: 32.9975 # Easternmost_Longitude: 106.3281 # Westernmost_Longitude: 106.3281 # Elevation: 940 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Xianglong2013 # Earliest_Year: 1912 # Most_Recent_Year: 2008 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # Table 1 # U-Th isotopic data and 230Th dates of stalagmite XL21. # # Sample Number Depth from Top (cm) 238U (ppb) 232Th (ppt) 230Th/232Th (atomic x 10-6) d234U (measured) 230Th/238U (activity) "230Th age (yr, uncorrected)" "230Th age (yr BP, corrected)" d234Uinitial (corrected) "230Th age (yr AD, corrected)" # XL21-1A 0.1 4685.2 +/- 19.5 4057 +/- 12.7 3.5 +/- 0.2 324.6 +/- 4.2 0.00018 +/- 0.00001 15 +/- 1 -62 +/- 9 324.6 +/- 4.2 2012 +/- 9 # XL21-1 0.7 3601 +/- 13.1 807.3 +/- 16.4 24.9 +/- 1.2 323.9 +/- 3.7 0.00034 +/- 0.00001 28 +/- 1 -37 +/- 4 323.9 +/- 3.7 1987 +/- 4 # XL21-2 2.35 4507.1 +/- 17.7 2517.7 +/- 51.3 30.1 +/- 0.8 317.4 +/- 4.1 0.00102 +/- 0.00002 84 +/- 2 12 +/- 9 317.4 +/- 4.1 1938 +/- 9 # XL21-3 2.9 4925.6 +/- 13.2 1168.8 +/- 23.6 84.9 +/- 2.1 322.4 +/- 2.7 0.00122 +/- 0.00002 101 +/- 1 36 +/- 4 322.5 +/- 2.7 1914 +/- 4 # # Note: Analytical errors are 2s of the mean. Decay constant values are: l230 = 9.1705 x 10-6 y-1, l234 = 2.82206 x 10-6 y-1 (Cheng et al., 2009) # and l238 = 1.55125 x 10-10 y-1 (Jaffey et al., 1971). Depths along the growth axes are relative to the top (youngest surface) of the stalagmite. # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ## growth growth rate, stalagmite, 0.025mm, mm/y, ,speleothem, , ,N ## temp-SONDJFMAM Surface temperature, , , degrees C, September-May, , Reconstruction, Equation 2,N ## temp-SONDJFMAM-2s Surface temperature 2s error lower, , , degrees C, September-May, , Reconstruction, Equation 2,N ## temp-SONDJFMAM+2s Surface temperature 2s error upper, , , degrees C, September-May, , Reconstruction, Equation 2,N ## temp-SONDJFMAM3 Surface temperature, , , degrees C, September-May, , Reconstruction, Equation 3,N ## temp-SONDJFMAM3-2s Surface temperature 2s error lower, , , degrees C, September-May, , Reconstruction, Equation 3,N ## temp-SONDJFMAM3+2s Surface temperature 2s error upper, , , degrees C, September-May, , Reconstruction, Equation 3,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_AD growth temp-SONDJFMAM temp-SONDJFMAM-2s temp-SONDJFMAM+2s temp-SONDJFMAM3 temp-SONDJFMAM3-2s temp-SONDJFMAM3+2s 2008 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 2007 0.5 9.97 9.82 10.12 2006 0.4 9.83 9.73 9.93 9.79 9.69 9.88 2005 0.65 10.18 9.94 10.41 10.25 10.02 10.47 2004 0.45 9.9 9.78 10.02 9.95 9.83 10.06 2003 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 10.14 9.91 10.36 2002 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.86 9.75 9.98 2001 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.7 9.62 9.78 2000 0.55 10.04 9.86 10.22 9.93 9.74 10.11 1999 0.4 9.83 9.73 9.93 9.73 9.62 9.84 1998 0.5 9.97 9.82 10.12 10.16 9.99 10.34 1997 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.76 9.66 9.86 1996 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.87 9.72 10.03 1995 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.59 9.52 9.66 1994 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.54 9.46 9.63 1993 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.54 9.46 9.63 1992 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.48 9.39 9.58 1991 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1990 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.62 9.52 9.73 1989 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.64 9.56 9.71 1988 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.7 9.62 9.78 1987 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.65 9.58 9.72 1986 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.54 9.46 9.63 1985 0.15 9.48 9.37 9.6 9.49 9.39 9.6 1984 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.48 9.39 9.58 1983 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.43 9.32 9.54 1982 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1981 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1980 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.54 9.46 9.63 1979 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.59 9.52 9.66 1978 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1977 0.45 9.9 9.78 10.02 9.78 9.64 9.91 1976 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.59 9.52 9.66 1975 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.91 9.8 10.02 1974 0.55 10.04 9.86 10.22 9.87 9.67 10.07 1973 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.75 9.68 9.82 1972 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.98 9.8 10.15 1971 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.6 9.51 9.69 1970 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.65 9.58 9.72 1969 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1968 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.54 9.46 9.63 1967 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.64 9.56 9.71 1966 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.58 9.49 9.67 1965 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.74 9.66 9.82 1964 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.74 9.66 9.82 1963 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.75 9.68 9.82 1962 0.15 9.48 9.37 9.6 9.61 9.48 9.74 1961 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.69 9.63 9.76 1960 0.1 9.41 9.27 9.55 9.33 9.2 9.47 1959 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.6 9.51 9.69 1958 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.37 9.24 9.5 1957 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.48 9.39 9.58 1956 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.48 9.39 9.58 1955 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1954 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.48 9.39 9.58 1953 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.68 9.59 9.77 1952 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.62 9.52 9.73 1951 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.8 9.72 9.87 1950 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.66 9.55 9.76 1949 0.5 9.97 9.82 10.12 9.94 9.79 10.08 1948 0.45 9.9 9.78 10.02 9.72 9.56 9.88 1947 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.87 9.72 10.03 1946 0.4 9.83 9.73 9.93 9.96 9.84 10.07 1945 0.45 9.9 9.78 10.02 9.78 9.64 9.91 1944 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.85 9.76 9.94 1943 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.91 9.8 10.02 1942 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.75 9.68 9.82 1941 0.45 9.9 9.78 10.02 9.89 9.77 10.01 1940 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.69 9.63 9.76 1939 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.91 9.8 10.02 1938 0.4 9.83 9.73 9.93 9.79 9.69 9.88 1937 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.8 9.72 9.87 1936 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.81 9.71 9.9 1935 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.66 9.55 9.76 1934 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.65 9.58 9.72 1933 0.15 9.48 9.37 9.6 9.44 9.33 9.55 1932 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.54 9.46 9.63 1931 0.15 9.48 9.37 9.6 9.38 9.26 9.5 1930 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.62 9.52 9.73 1929 0.4 9.83 9.73 9.93 9.61 9.46 9.77 1928 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.75 9.68 9.82 1927 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.81 9.71 9.9 1926 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.74 9.66 9.82 1925 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.74 9.66 9.82 1924 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.75 9.68 9.82 1923 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.66 9.55 9.76 1922 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.6 9.51 9.69 1921 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1920 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.53 9.45 9.62 1919 0.4 9.83 9.73 9.93 9.73 9.62 9.84 1918 0.15 9.48 9.37 9.6 9.49 9.39 9.6 1917 0.25 9.62 9.55 9.7 9.76 9.66 9.86 1916 0.35 9.76 9.68 9.84 9.57 9.43 9.7 1915 0.15 9.48 9.37 9.6 9.49 9.39 9.6 1914 0.15 9.48 9.37 9.6 9.61 9.48 9.74 1913 0.3 9.69 9.62 9.76 9.52 9.4 9.64 1912 0.2 9.55 9.46 9.64 9.43 9.32 9.54