Xiangshui and Yaoba Don Caves, China Glacial Stable Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Xiangshui and Yaoba Don Caves, China Glacial Stable Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 11/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Jason Cosford, University of Regina IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-122 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Cosford, J., et al. 2009. Xiangshui and Yaoba Don Caves, China Glacial Stable Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-122. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Cosford, J., H. Qing, D. Yuan, M. Zhang, C. Holmden, W. Patterson, and C. Hai. 2008. Millennial-scale variability in the Asian monsoon: Evidence from oxygen isotope records from stalagmites in southeastern China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 266, pp. 3–12. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.029 ABSTRACT: Two stalagmites from Xiangshui (X3) and Yaoba Don (YB1) Caves in southeastern China provide high-resolution d18O time-series that exhibit prominent millennial-scale fluctuations in the intensity and character of the Asian monsoon for the period from 20,000 to 50,000 yr. B.P. Timing of these fluctuations, established by U-series disequilibrium (230Th/234U), correlates with Dansgaard– Oeschger events (2–13) and Heinrich events (H2–H5) recorded in the GISP2 ice core, indicating a climatic link between Asian monsoon circulation and air temperatures over the North Atlantic for much of the last glaciation. Although the exact mechanisms linking climatic fluctuations in the North Atlantic to those in eastern China have yet to be identified, climatic signals associated with changes in global ice volume and air temperatures over Greenland may be transferred to Asia by atmospheric mechanisms that affect the strength of the Siberian high-pressure cell and the amount of snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau, which force the intensity of the Asian monsoon. Another mechanism linking climate of the North Atlantic to the Asian monsoon relates to variation in oceanic circulation. Millennial-scale fluctuations in thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic may have affected ocean currents in the tropical western Pacific Ocean, which is the moisture source for the East Asian monsoon. Despite the similarity of these paleoclimatic records and the implication of global teleconnections, the magnitude and timing of millennial-scale events at different locations in China reveal regional variations in climatic conditions. Comparisons of the d18O curves from Xiangshui and Yaoba Don Cave stalagmites with those from Qixin Cave and Hulu Cave show general concordance between millennial-scale events, albeit with some notable differences among all the records. The well-studied Hulu Cave records show d18O values that are lower than those of Xiangshui and Yaoba Don Caves, reflecting geographical differences. Hulu Cave is located near the eastern coast at a relatively low elevation dominated by the East Asian monsoon. By comparison, Xiangshui Cave and Yaoba Don Cave are further inland on the eastern slope of the Yunnan–Guizhou plateau, which receives precipitation from both the East Asian monsoon and quasi-stationary frontal systems. Rainfall contributed by the East Asian summer monsoon is relatively diminished in this region by these geographic and atmospheric circulation conditions, resulting in higher d18O values. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southeastern China PERIOD OF RECORD: 50 - 20 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant funds to H.Q., and the Talisman Energy Inc. Research Support Program to W.P. and C.H. DESCRIPTION: Stable isotope data from stalagmite X3, Xiangshui Cave, Guangxi Province, and from Stalagmite YB1, Yaoba Don Cave, Hunan Province, southeastern China, as Asian monsoon proxies. Xiangshui Cave: 25°15'N, 110°55'E, 380m elev. Yaoba Don Cave: 28°48'N, 109°50'E, 420m elev. DATA: 1. Table 2. 230Th dating results for stalagmites X3 and YB1 Sample Depth 238U 232Th d234U* 230Th/238U d234U** 230Th age Number (mm) (ppb) (ppt) (measured) (activity) (corrected) (yrsBP, corrected) X3-1 2 806±0.8 12620±360 341.6±5.3 0.2227±0.0068 365.2±5.6 19,670±574 X3-2 38 77.6±0.2 35051±274 218.3±2.6 0.3358±0.0088 233.4±4.8 23,668±5994 X3-3 51 37.2±0.1 9789±25 416.1±4.0 0.3755±0.0018 450.0±5.6 27,722±2780 X3-4 88 53.9±0.1 19047±92 369.4±2.8 0.4844±0.0066 412.6±5.6 39,161±3967 X3-5 162 2038±7 45538±98 286.3±2.1 0.4892±0.0019 330.4±2.5 50,742±371 YB-1 10 183.4±0.3 62150±420 72.0±1.7 0.2481±0.0062 76.0±2.1 19,100±5100 YB-4a 155 183.6±0.2 3090±10 68.9±1.4 0.2360±0.0014 74.3±1.5 26,710±300 YB-4b 155 182.2±0.2 3740±10 70.6±1.4 0.2374±0.0012 76.1±1.5 26,740±320 YB-6 315 212.5±0.2 1129±5 64.6±1.3 0.2469±0.0012 70.0±1.4 28,590±170 YB-8 412 214.2±0.3 3065±8 86.3±1.9 0.2671±0.0013 94.0±2.1 30,310±260 L230=9.1577×10-6 Y-1; L234=2.8263×10-6 Y-1; L238=1.55125×10-6 Y-1. *d234U=([234U/238U]active-1)×1000. **d234UInitial calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial=d234Umeasured×e?234 × T. Corrected 230Th ages assume an initial 230Th /230Th atomic ratio of (4.4±2.2)×10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. Errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. 2. Xiangshui Cave stalagmite X3 stable isotope data Distance in mm, isotope values in per mil VPDB Distance AgeYrBP d18O d13C 0.0 19670.0 -4.31 -5.12 0.6 19737.4 -4.69 -6.16 1.3 19804.8 -4.62 -6.06 1.9 19873.3 -4.49 -5.59 2.6 19940.7 -3.69 -5.35 3.2 20008.2 -3.58 -4.50 3.9 20075.6 -3.45 -3.99 4.5 20143.0 -3.34 -4.09 5.1 20211.5 -3.26 -3.96 5.8 20278.9 -3.60 -5.22 6.4 20346.3 -3.89 -6.20 7.1 20413.8 -3.64 -4.69 7.7 20482.2 -3.50 -4.90 8.4 20549.7 -3.55 -6.30 9.0 20617.1 -3.42 -4.07 9.6 20684.5 -3.34 -4.87 10.3 20753.0 -3.80 -4.59 10.9 20820.4 -3.42 -4.72 11.6 20887.8 -4.58 -7.36 12.2 20955.3 -4.00 -5.63 12.8 21022.7 -4.17 -6.17 14.1 21155.4 -4.43 -6.44 14.7 21222.8 -4.57 -6.70 15.4 21289.2 -4.25 -6.18 16.0 21355.6 -5.01 -8.48 16.6 21422.0 -4.41 -7.19 17.3 21488.3 -4.42 -6.66 17.9 21554.7 -3.14 -4.04 18.6 21629.5 -4.56 -6.66 19.2 21688.5 -3.84 -5.26 19.8 21753.8 -5.37 -8.13 20.4 21821.2 -3.99 -5.58 21.1 21887.6 -4.32 -6.09 21.7 21954.0 -3.91 -6.06 22.4 22028.8 -5.08 -7.17 22.9 22086.7 -5.67 -8.34 23.6 22155.2 -4.89 -7.33 24.3 22224.7 -4.55 -7.32 24.9 22287.9 -4.88 -6.72 25.6 22361.7 -4.25 -6.83 26.2 22431.2 -5.21 -7.28 26.9 22499.7 -4.46 -7.04 27.5 22568.2 -3.82 -6.29 28.2 22636.6 -4.62 -6.91 28.8 22706.2 -4.82 -7.22 29.5 22774.6 -4.10 -6.37 30.1 22843.1 -4.67 -6.63 30.8 22912.6 -4.89 -7.59 31.4 22981.1 -4.54 -7.48 32.1 23049.6 -3.82 -5.28 32.7 23119.1 -3.67 -5.58 33.5 23199.2 -4.18 -6.49 34.2 23272.9 -4.91 -6.84 34.7 23325.6 -4.54 -7.31 35.4 23399.4 -4.53 -7.84 36.0 23462.6 -5.82 -10.27 36.7 23531.0 -5.19 -9.82 37.3 23599.5 -3.70 -5.55 38.0 23668.0 -3.58 -5.57 38.6 23873.6 -3.78 -6.17 39.3 24076.0 -2.52 -3.91 39.9 24281.5 -2.63 -3.82 40.6 24483.9 -3.14 -4.46 41.9 24882.0 -3.52 -5.22 42.6 25101.4 -3.49 -4.64 43.4 25340.3 -3.57 -5.01 44.2 25579.3 -3.94 -6.00 44.9 25818.2 -3.67 -5.39 45.7 26057.2 -4.22 -5.55 46.5 26296.1 -3.59 -4.85 47.2 26531.2 -3.64 -4.91 48.0 26770.1 -4.04 -5.47 48.8 27009.1 -4.00 -5.32 49.6 27248.0 -4.55 -6.66 50.3 27487.0 -3.56 -5.04 51.1 27722.0 -4.10 -5.47 51.8 27924.1 -4.24 -5.89 52.4 28126.2 -4.40 -6.16 53.1 28328.3 -3.88 -5.92 53.7 28530.4 -3.96 -5.36 54.4 28729.2 -4.38 -6.79 55.1 28938.0 -4.96 -8.77 55.7 29150.0 -5.50 -9.36 56.3 29329.8 -3.88 -5.04 56.9 29509.6 -3.52 -3.37 57.5 29689.4 -4.18 -5.01 58.1 29869.1 -4.88 -6.84 58.7 30048.9 -4.35 -5.40 59.2 30228.7 -4.85 -6.93 59.8 30408.5 -4.65 -6.19 60.4 30588.3 -4.32 -5.86 61.0 30768.1 -5.26 -6.67 61.6 30950.7 -5.44 -7.31 62.2 31130.5 -4.75 -6.70 62.8 31310.3 -4.91 -7.02 63.3 31490.1 -5.11 -5.91 63.9 31669.9 -4.60 -5.55 64.5 31849.6 -4.70 -6.11 65.1 32029.4 -4.95 -5.73 65.7 32209.2 -4.65 -6.40 66.3 32389.0 -5.63 -9.43 66.8 32568.8 -4.56 -5.50 67.4 32748.6 -4.40 -4.99 68.0 32928.4 -5.61 -8.66 68.6 33105.3 -3.49 -2.97 69.2 33282.2 -3.84 -5.10 69.7 33459.2 -3.95 -5.87 70.3 33636.1 -4.20 -6.01 70.9 33815.9 -3.71 -5.25 71.5 33992.8 -3.62 -5.65 72.0 34169.7 -3.45 -4.78 72.6 34332.4 -3.33 -4.71 73.2 34523.6 -4.72 -8.69 73.8 34706.2 -3.88 -5.39 74.4 34888.9 -4.76 -5.52 75.0 35071.5 -4.12 -5.35 75.6 35254.2 -3.88 -5.39 76.1 35436.8 -4.02 -5.15 76.7 35619.4 -3.86 -4.06 77.3 35802.1 -4.19 -4.04 77.9 35984.7 -4.07 -4.68 78.5 36167.4 -4.34 -4.90 79.1 36350.0 -5.27 -5.33 79.7 36536.4 -4.99 -5.87 80.3 36722.9 -5.23 -6.45 80.9 36909.3 -4.77 -5.65 81.5 37095.7 -5.09 -6.91 82.1 37282.1 -4.63 -5.85 82.7 37468.6 -4.93 -6.56 83.3 37655.0 -5.57 -7.32 84.0 37853.1 -4.78 -6.19 84.6 38027.9 -4.43 -5.23 85.1 38202.6 -5.91 -8.67 85.8 38406.5 -3.75 -3.34 86.4 38595.9 -4.08 -4.50 87.0 38785.2 -4.01 -3.52 87.6 38971.7 -4.12 -3.63 88.2 39161.0 -4.02 -3.47 88.9 39259.8 -4.18 -3.23 89.5 39358.6 -4.43 -3.93 90.7 39556.3 -3.82 -2.36 91.4 39655.1 -4.11 -3.45 92.0 39753.9 -3.52 -2.77 92.6 39852.7 -3.17 -2.78 93.3 39951.5 -3.03 -2.82 93.9 40048.8 -3.33 -2.59 94.5 40141.6 -3.73 -3.95 95.1 40234.3 -3.66 -3.76 95.7 40327.0 -4.03 -4.42 96.2 40419.8 -4.08 -4.51 96.8 40512.5 -4.44 -4.63 97.4 40605.3 -4.26 -4.89 98.0 40698.0 -4.66 -5.28 98.6 40790.7 -5.07 -6.15 99.2 40883.5 -5.59 -7.32 99.8 40976.2 -5.38 -6.54 100.4 41068.9 -3.27 -1.43 101.0 41161.7 -2.87 -2.11 101.6 41254.4 -3.34 -2.32 102.1 41347.1 -4.62 -6.19 102.7 41439.9 -4.92 -5.84 103.3 41532.6 -3.86 -4.53 103.9 41625.3 -3.52 -4.54 104.5 41718.1 -4.29 -5.99 105.1 41810.8 -4.82 -7.39 105.7 41906.6 -3.12 -3.23 106.3 42002.4 -3.72 -4.04 106.9 42098.1 -3.20 -3.00 107.5 42193.9 -2.82 -2.83 108.2 42289.7 -2.65 -2.38 108.8 42384.1 -3.20 -3.30 109.4 42479.7 -3.45 -4.92 110.0 42575.4 -3.21 -3.54 110.6 42671.1 -3.02 -2.82 111.2 42766.8 -3.10 -3.16 111.8 42862.4 -3.06 -3.20 112.4 42958.0 -3.32 -2.53 113.0 43053.6 -3.68 -2.97 113.6 43149.4 -3.19 -2.81 114.2 43245.0 -3.78 -3.33 114.8 43340.8 -3.90 -3.27 115.5 43436.4 -3.27 -2.47 116.1 43532.1 -3.68 -2.45 116.7 43627.8 -3.52 -2.50 117.3 43723.5 -3.95 -2.70 117.9 43819.1 -3.89 -3.31 118.5 43914.7 -3.51 -2.95 119.1 44010.5 -3.47 -2.77 119.7 44106.1 -4.05 -3.10 120.3 44201.7 -4.19 -3.34 120.9 44297.5 -3.84 -2.21 121.5 44393.1 -4.51 -3.94 122.2 44488.8 -4.38 -3.46 122.8 44584.5 -4.24 -3.47 123.4 44680.2 -3.82 -2.72 124.0 44775.8 -3.91 -2.76 124.6 44871.4 -4.32 -2.62 125.2 44967.2 -4.29 -3.43 125.8 45062.8 -4.45 -4.46 126.4 45160.9 -3.61 -1.95 127.1 45258.9 -3.83 -1.83 127.7 45357.0 -3.89 -2.57 128.3 45455.0 -3.42 -2.02 128.9 45553.1 -3.63 -1.80 129.6 45651.2 -3.88 -2.71 130.2 45749.2 -4.00 -2.55 130.8 45847.3 -3.75 -1.92 131.4 45945.3 -4.14 -2.74 132.1 46043.4 -4.13 -2.60 132.7 46141.4 -4.09 -2.52 133.3 46239.5 -4.03 -2.61 133.9 46337.6 -3.83 -2.51 134.5 46435.6 -4.05 -2.48 135.2 46533.7 -4.45 -3.46 135.8 46631.7 -4.68 -4.64 136.4 46723.6 -4.12 -2.41 137.0 46815.2 -3.88 -2.46 137.5 46907.0 -4.06 -2.37 138.1 46998.9 -4.20 -2.07 138.7 47090.5 -3.47 -1.98 139.3 47182.4 -3.96 -2.80 139.9 47274.2 -4.32 -3.69 140.5 47365.9 -4.03 -2.37 141.1 47457.7 -4.63 -4.63 141.6 47549.5 -4.27 -4.02 142.2 47641.2 -3.06 -2.16 142.8 47733.0 -3.59 -2.24 143.4 47824.8 -3.22 -1.71 144.0 47916.5 -3.08 -2.23 144.6 48008.3 -2.92 -2.48 145.1 48099.3 -2.72 -2.32 145.8 48206.8 -3.03 -3.28 146.5 48313.7 -3.90 -4.62 147.2 48420.3 -3.50 -4.69 147.8 48512.6 -3.69 -4.40 148.5 48624.2 -3.59 -4.45 149.2 48735.8 -3.82 -4.82 149.9 48847.4 -5.02 -5.65 150.6 48958.9 -3.09 -2.60 151.3 49070.3 -3.25 -2.87 152.0 49181.7 -3.77 -4.10 152.7 49293.1 -4.47 -6.01 153.5 49404.6 -5.36 -7.53 154.2 49516.2 -5.58 -7.72 154.9 49627.6 -3.85 -2.54 155.6 49739.0 -5.25 -6.11 156.3 49850.4 -6.09 -7.93 157.0 49961.9 -6.23 -7.10 3. Yaoba Don Cave stalagmite YB1 stable isotope data Distance in mm, isotope values in per mil VPDB Distance AgeYrBP d18O d13C 0 19100.0 -5.13 -7.61 2.36 19224.3 -5.14 -7.10 4.72 19348.5 -5.43 -8.83 7.08 19472.8 -4.78 -5.17 9.44 19597.1 -5.12 -7.65 11.80 19721.4 -5.34 -8.12 14.15 19845.1 -5.07 -7.77 16.51 19969.4 -4.89 -6.09 18.87 20093.7 -3.55 -6.45 21.22 20217.4 -4.42 -6.69 23.78 20352.2 -5.12 -7.98 26.25 20482.3 -4.90 -8.73 28.72 20612.3 -5.01 -8.94 31.19 20742.4 -5.24 -9.93 33.66 20872.5 -5.61 -10.28 36.13 21002.5 -5.27 -9.19 38.90 21148.4 -5.48 -8.24 41.06 21262.1 -5.32 -9.15 43.59 21395.4 -5.50 -7.99 46.12 21528.6 -4.73 -7.24 48.65 21661.8 -4.74 -7.03 51.18 21795.0 -4.95 -8.38 53.71 21928.3 -4.68 -7.35 56.24 22061.5 -5.26 -9.20 58.77 22194.7 -5.32 -8.70 61.29 22327.4 -5.19 -7.38 63.67 22452.7 -5.02 -8.02 66.06 22578.6 -4.50 -6.40 68.44 22703.9 -4.67 -6.99 70.83 22829.8 -4.49 -6.93 73.21 22955.1 -4.83 -7.03 75.59 23080.4 -4.89 -6.58 77.94 23204.2 -4.99 -9.51 80.29 23327.9 -6.13 -10.97 82.65 23452.2 -5.49 -10.64 85.00 23575.9 -5.57 -10.45 87.35 23699.7 -5.54 -9.62 89.71 23824.0 -6.58 -11.16 92.06 23947.7 -5.46 -10.21 94.41 24071.5 -5.09 -9.87 96.76 24195.2 -5.11 -7.09 99.43 24336.0 -5.91 -8.34 102.11 24477.1 -5.67 -9.28 104.79 24618.3 -5.36 -9.11 107.47 24759.3 -4.99 -8.11 110.15 24900.4 -5.57 -8.26 112.83 25041.6 -6.46 -8.77 115.14 25163.1 -6.46 -9.31 117.44 25284.3 -5.85 -9.24 119.76 25406.1 -5.84 -9.95 122.06 25527.7 -5.42 -9.26 124.37 25649.2 -5.11 -7.32 126.68 25770.7 -6.05 -10.42 128.98 25892.0 -5.04 -7.18 131.24 26011.0 -5.23 -5.94 133.50 26130.0 -6.26 -9.30 135.76 26249.0 -6.19 -10.20 138.02 26368.0 -5.93 -8.68 140.28 26487.0 -6.57 -11.41 142.54 26606.0 -5.73 -8.30 144.80 26725.0 -5.83 -8.37 147.06 26750.8 -5.08 -7.67 149.32 26776.5 -6.54 -10.78 151.58 26802.3 -6.04 -9.97 154.14 26831.5 -6.70 -9.95 155.69 26849.1 -5.81 -9.63 157.53 26870.1 -6.02 -9.24 159.38 26891.2 -5.98 -9.58 161.22 26912.2 -6.29 -9.95 163.07 26933.3 -6.33 -10.29 165.28 26958.5 -5.76 -11.26 167.50 26983.8 -6.57 -10.52 169.71 27009.0 -6.44 -10.51 171.72 27031.9 -6.65 -11.27 173.72 27054.7 -5.52 -8.04 175.73 27077.6 -6.38 -9.75 177.73 27100.5 -6.37 -10.09 179.74 27123.3 -6.92 -10.18 181.75 27146.2 -6.00 -9.98 183.75 27169.1 -5.94 -9.74 185.76 27191.9 -5.77 -8.81 188.13 27219.0 -6.71 -10.14 190.51 27246.1 -6.39 -9.55 192.89 27273.2 -5.18 -11.02 195.26 27300.3 -6.33 -9.74 197.64 27327.4 -6.42 -8.84 200.01 27354.4 -5.99 -10.98 202.43 27382.0 -6.62 -10.20 204.85 27409.6 -6.92 -11.11 207.27 27437.2 -5.83 -8.16 209.69 27464.8 -6.55 -9.17 212.11 27492.4 -6.56 -8.54 214.53 27520.0 -6.67 -9.05 216.87 27546.7 -6.85 -9.33 219.21 27573.3 -6.97 -10.31 221.55 27600.0 -7.09 -10.42 223.88 27626.6 -6.40 -10.46 226.22 27653.3 -6.17 -8.41 228.56 27680.0 -6.24 -9.28 230.90 27706.6 -5.47 -8.90 233.23 27733.2 -5.82 -9.18 235.83 27762.8 -6.73 -9.16 238.44 27792.6 -6.24 -9.79 241.04 27822.2 -6.32 -9.60 243.65 27852.0 -7.08 -8.72 246.25 27881.6 -5.54 -7.56 248.86 27911.4 -5.57 -8.58 251.46 27941.0 -5.17 -8.72 254.07 27970.8 -5.87 -10.28 256.67 28000.4 -6.60 -11.28 259.28 28030.2 -6.15 -9.64 261.88 28059.8 -6.59 -10.55 264.48 28089.5 -5.16 -8.89 267.12 28119.6 -5.18 -9.47 269.76 28149.7 -5.50 -9.98 272.40 28179.8 -5.80 -9.54 277.68 28240.0 -5.79 -9.92 280.17 28268.4 -6.08 -10.18 282.66 28296.8 -6.54 -10.88 285.15 28325.2 -5.09 -9.57 287.64 28353.5 -6.09 -10.65 290.13 28381.9 -6.79 -11.88 292.61 28410.2 -6.34 -11.34 295.10 28438.6 -6.70 -11.18 297.36 28464.4 -5.97 -10.45 299.62 28490.1 -5.69 -8.96 301.87 28515.8 -6.16 -10.23 304.13 28541.6 -6.94 -9.19 306.38 28567.2 -6.46 -10.20 308.80 28594.8 -6.02 -9.53 311.22 28622.4 -6.62 -9.85 313.64 28650.0 -6.11 -8.79 316.06 28692.8 -7.31 -11.92 318.48 28735.7 -7.58 -12.51 320.90 28778.6 -6.64 -6.86 323.32 28821.4 -5.93 -9.59 325.74 28864.3 -6.44 -9.52 328.16 28907.1 -6.28 -8.67 330.58 28950.0 -4.89 -6.63 333.00 28992.8 -5.67 -8.51 335.42 29035.7 -5.19 -7.94 337.84 29078.5 -4.47 -4.76 340.26 29121.4 -5.14 -5.28 342.67 29164.2 -4.85 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