Xinya Cave, China Glacial Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Xinya Cave, China Glacial Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Li, T.-Y., D.X. Yuan, H.C. Li, Y. Yang, J.L. Wang, X.Y. Wang, J.Y. Li, J.M. Qin, M.L. Zhang, and Y.S. Lin. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-064 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Li, T.-Y., et al. 2010. Xinya Cave, China Glacial Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-059. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Li, T.-Y., D.X. Yuan, H.C. Li, Y. Yang, J.L. Wang, X.Y. Wang, J.Y. Li, J.M. Qin, M.L. Zhang, and Y.S. Lin. 2007. High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57-70 ka reflected in a stalagmite d18O record from Xinya Cave. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, Vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1202-1208, August 2007. doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-0059-z. ABSTRACT: A 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in northeastern Chongqing of China has been ICP-MS 230Th/U dated, showing a depositional hiatus at 2.3 cm depth from the top. The growth of the 2.3-26 cm interval determined by four dates was between 57 ka and 70 ka, with a linear growth rate of 0.023 mm/a. We have analyzed 190 samples for d18O and d13C, mostly in the 2.3-26 cm part. The d18O and d13C values between 57 ka and 70 ka reveal decadal-to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4), exhibiting much higher resolution than that of the published Hulu and Dongge records during this interval. Speleothem d18O in eastern China, including our study area can be used as a proxy of summer monsoon strength, with lighter values pointing to stronger summer monsoon and higher precipitation, and vice versa. Two decreases in the d18O signature of XY2 record around 59.5 and 64.5 Ka are argued to correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 respectively. The Heinrich event 6 (H6) can be identified in the record as a heavy d18O peak around 60 ka, indicating significant weakening of the monsoon in Chongqing during the cold period. The XY2 d18O record shows very rapid change toward to the interstadial condition of the D-O event, but more gradual change toward to the cold stadial condition. This phenomenon found in the Greenland ice core records is rarely observed so clearly in previously published speleothem records. According to SPECMAP d18O record, the glacial maximum of MIS 4 was around 64.5 ka with the boundary of MIS 3/4 around 60 ka. Unlike the marine record, the speleothem record of XY2, China, exhibits much high frequency variations without an apparent glacial maximum during MIS 4. However, the timing of MIS 3/4 boundary seems to be around 60 ka when the H6 terminated, in agreement with the marine chronology. The growth period of sample XY2 during glacial times probably reflects a local karstic routing of water, rather than having climatic significance. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southwestern China PERIOD OF RECORD: 70 - 57 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40672165, 90511004, 40672202) and the Academician Special Project of Chongqing Science Committee (Grant No. 2003-7835). DESCRIPTION: Speleothem oxygen isotope data from a 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in south China. Stalagmite XY2 is ICP-MS 230Th/U dated to between 57 ka and 70 ka. The d18O values reveal decadal- to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4). Heinrich event 6, and Dansgaard- Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 can be determined by the XY2 d18O records, which are higher resolution than previous records in China. Xinya Cave: 30°45'N, 109°28'E, 1250m above sea level DATA: 1. U-Th dating for Stalagmite XY2 Sample Depth Weight 238U 232Th d234U [230Th/238U] [230Th/232Th] Age Age d234Uinitial ID (mm) g ppb ppt measured*a activity*c ppm*d uncorrected corrected *c*e corrected XY2-6 7 0.2172 91.0± 0.2 140310± 2424 763.4± 4.5 0.41715± 0.0438 4± 0 28,899± 3414 503± 16994 764.5 ± 34.6 XY2-5 23 0.2613 82.2± 0.2 16908± 71 953.2± 5.0 0.16400± 0.0043 13± 0 9,512± 264 6,439± 1583 970.7 ± 6.7 XY2-4 58 0.2445 229.1± 0.4 1446± 19 595.3± 3.5 0.69932± 0.0034 1830± 26 60,494± 421 60,386± 424 706.1 ± 4.3 XY2-3 158 0.3177 212.5± 0.4 1807± 16 682.2± 3.8 0.78162± 0.0038 1518± 15 65,017± 461 64,880± 465 819.5 ± 4.6 XY2-2 203 0.2015 207.4± 0.4 1852± 24 764.1± 3.9 0.83509± 0.0041 1544± 21 66,419± 476 66,284± 480 921.5 ± 4.8 XY2-1 252 0.2309 120.2± 0.2 1745± 21 964.7± 5.2 0.96497± 0.0053 1098± 14 69,252± 563 69,058± 570 1172.7 ± 6.6 Analytical errors are 2s of the mean. *a d234U = ([234U/238U]activity - 1) x 1000. *b d234Uinitial corrected was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured X el234*T, and T is corrected age. *c [230Th/238U]activity = 1 - e-l230T + (d234Umeasured/1000)[l230/(l230 - l234)](1 - e-(l230 - l234) T), where T is the age. Decay constants are 9.1577 x 10-6 yr-1 for 230Th, 2.8263 x 10-6 yr-1 for 234U, and 1.55125 x 10-10 yr-1 for 238U (Cheng et al., 2000). *d The degree of detrital 230Th contamination is indicated by the [230Th/232Th] atomic ratio instead of the activity ratio. *e Age corrections were calculated using an average crustal 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 x 10-6 ± 2.2 x 10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the crustal 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. 2. Oxygen Isotope data Stalagmite XY2 SampleID Depth-mm d18O-PDB Age ka XY2-42 30 -8.53 57.62 XY2-41 32 -8.44 57.85 XY2-40.3 35.5 -8.32 58.24 XY2-40.2 36 -8.37 58.30 XY2-40.1 37.5 -8.54 58.46 XY2-40 38.5 -8.16 58.57 XY2-39.4 40 -8.84 58.72 XY2-39.3 41 -8.65 58.83 XY2-39.2 42.5 -9.09 58.98 XY2-39.1 43.5 -8.54 59.08 XY2-39 44 -8.03 59.13 XY2-38.3 45.5 -8.18 59.28 XY2-38.2 46 -8.57 59.32 XY2-38.1 47 -8.65 59.42 XY2-38 48 -8.09 59.51 XY2-37.3 48.5 -7.61 59.56 XY2-37.2 49 -7.34 59.61 XY2-37.1 49.5 -7.37 59.65 XY2-37 52.5 -7.31 59.92 XY2-36.3 54 -7.10 60.05 XY2-36.2 55 -7.29 60.14 XY2-36.1 56.5 -7.22 60.27 XY2-36 57 -7.06 60.31 XY2-35.3 57.5 -7.42 60.35 XY2-35.2 58 -7.36 60.39 XY2-35.1 59 -7.16 60.47 XY2-35 61 -7.57 60.63 XY2-34.3 62 -7.42 60.71 XY2-34.2 63 -7.32 60.79 XY2-34.1 64.5 -7.29 60.90 XY2-34 65 -7.38 60.94 XY2-33.3 67 -7.53 61.08 XY2-33.2 68 -7.22 61.16 XY2-33.1 69.5 -7.44 61.26 XY2-33 70 -7.32 61.30 XY2-32.4 71.5 -7.71 61.40 XY2-32.3 72 -7.44 61.43 XY2-32.2 73.5 -7.57 61.53 XY2-32.1 74.5 -7.13 61.60 XY2-32 75 -7.58 61.63 XY2-31.4 77 -7.85 61.76 XY2-31.3 77.5 -7.98 61.79 XY2-31.2 79 -7.57 61.88 XY2-31.1 79.5 -7.92 61.91 XY2-31 80 -7.66 61.94 XY2-30.4 81.5 -8.11 62.03 XY2-30.3 82 -7.90 62.06 XY2-30.2 83 -8.10 62.12 XY2-30.1 84 -8.00 62.17 XY2-30 85 -7.64 62.23 XY2-29.4 86.5 -7.60 62.31 XY2-29.3 87 -7.70 62.34 XY2-29.2 88 -7.78 62.39 XY2-29.1 89 -7.97 62.45 XY2-29 90 -7.93 62.50 XY2-28.3 91.5 -8.21 62.58 XY2-28.2 92 -7.84 62.60 XY2-28.1 93.5 -7.79 62.68 XY2-28 94 -7.74 62.70 XY2-27.3 96 -8.06 62.80 XY2-27.2 97 -7.64 62.85 XY2-27.1 98 -7.83 62.89 XY2-27 99 -7.79 62.94 XY2-26.4 99.5 -7.97 62.96 XY2-26.3 100.5 -8.14 63.01 XY2-26.2 101.5 -8.00 63.05 XY2-26.1 102.5 -8.03 63.09 XY2-26 103.5 -7.86 63.14 XY2-25.3 104 -7.90 63.16 XY2-25.2 106 -8.15 63.24 XY2-25.1 107 -8.18 63.28 XY2-25 108 -8.00 63.32 XY2-24.3 110 -8.50 63.40 XY2-24.2 111 -8.45 63.44 XY2-24.1 112 -8.37 63.48 XY2-24 114 -8.15 63.55 XY2-23.4 115 -8.19 63.59 XY2-23.3 116.5 -8.11 63.65 XY2-23.2 117 -8.14 63.66 XY2-23.1 118 -8.14 63.70 XY2-23 119 -8.24 63.73 XY2-22.3 121 -8.06 63.80 XY2-22.2 122 -8.24 63.84 XY2-22.1 123 -8.13 63.87 XY2-22 124 -8.32 63.90 XY2-21.4 126 -8.45 63.97 XY2-21.3 126.5 -8.48 63.98 XY2-21.2 127 -8.42 64.00 XY2-21.1 128 -8.43 64.03 XY2-21 129 -8.27 64.06 XY2-20.4 131 -8.15 64.12 XY2-20.3 131.5 -8.16 64.14 XY2-20.2 132 -8.00 64.15 XY2-20.1 133 -8.20 64.18 XY2-20 134 -8.38 64.21 XY2-19.4 135 -8.06 64.24 XY2-19.3 136 -8.29 64.27 XY2-19.2 137 -8.26 64.30 XY2-19.1 138.5 -8.46 64.35 XY2-19 139 -8.29 64.36 XY2-18.3 142 -8.30 64.44 XY2-18.2 143 -8.53 64.47 XY2-18.1 143.5 -8.46 64.49 XY2-18 145 -8.36 64.53 XY2-17.4 146 -8.43 64.56 XY2-17.3 147 -8.45 64.58 XY2-17.2 147.5 -7.43 64.60 XY2-17.1 148.5 -8.39 64.62 XY2-17 150 -8.58 64.66 XY2-16.3 152 -8.51 64.72 XY2-16.2 153 -8.11 64.75 XY2-16.1 154.5 -7.55 64.79 XY2-16 155 -7.33 64.80 XY2-15.4 157 -7.62 64.85 XY2-15.3 158 -7.55 64.88 XY2-15.2 159.5 -7.42 64.92 XY2-15.1 161 -7.52 64.96 XY2-15 162 -7.54 64.99 XY2-14.3 163 -7.57 65.01 XY2-14.2 164.5 -7.28 65.06 XY2-14.1 166.5 -7.60 65.11 XY2-14 168 -7.44 65.15 XY2-13.4 171 -7.36 65.23 XY2-13.3 172.5 -7.62 65.28 XY2-13.2 173 -7.54 65.29 XY2-13.1 174 -7.69 65.32 XY2-13 175 -7.86 65.35 XY2-12.4 177 -7.44 65.41 XY2-12.3 179 -7.73 65.47 XY2-12.2 179.5 -7.90 65.48 XY2-12.1 180.5 -8.28 65.51 XY2-12 182 -7.53 65.56 XY2-11.4 184 -7.80 65.62 XY2-11.3 185 -7.69 65.65 XY2-11.2 186 -7.47 65.68 XY2-11.1 187 -7.83 65.71 XY2-11 189 -7.50 65.78 XY2-10.3 190 -7.58 65.81 XY2-10.2 192 -7.75 65.88 XY2-10.1 193 -7.63 65.91 XY2-10 195 -7.40 65.98 XY2-9.4 197 -7.30 66.05 XY2-9.3 199.5 -7.35 66.15 XY2-9.2 200 -7.34 66.16 XY2-9.1 201 -7.29 66.20 XY2-9 203 -7.02 66.28 XY2-8.4 204.5 -7.28 66.34 XY2-8.3 205.5 -6.91 66.38 XY2-8.2 206 -7.49 66.40 XY2-8.1 207.5 -7.63 66.46 XY2-8 209.5 -7.74 66.55 XY2-7.4 211.5 -7.45 66.63 XY2-7.3 212.5 -7.43 66.68 XY2-7.2 214 -7.61 66.75 XY2-7.1 215 -7.52 66.79 XY2-7 216 -7.63 66.84 XY2-6.4 219.5 -7.52 67.01 XY2-6.3 221 -7.23 67.08 XY2-6.2 221.5 -7.15 67.11 XY2-6.1 222.5 -7.30 67.16 XY2-6 224 -7.44 67.24 XY2-5.4 227 -7.26 67.40 XY2-5.3 228 -7.31 67.46 XY2-5.2 229 -7.44 67.51 XY2-5.1 230 -7.83 67.57 XY2-5 232 -7.54 67.69 XY2-4.4 234.5 -7.93 67.84 XY2-4.3 236 -7.90 67.93 XY2-4.2 237 -7.62 67.99 XY2-4.1 238.5 -7.77 68.09 XY2-4 240 -7.90 68.19 XY2-3.4 242 -7.22 68.32 XY2-3.3 243 -7.32 68.39 XY2-3.2 245 -7.40 68.53 XY2-3.1 245.5 -7.82 68.57 XY2-3 247 -7.44 68.68 XY2-2.3 248 -7.62 68.75 XY2-2.2 250.5 -7.51 68.94 XY2-2.1 251 -7.43 68.98 XY2-2 253 -7.64 69.14 XY2-1.4 253.5 -7.51 69.18 XY2-1.3 254 -7.61 69.22 XY2-1.2 254.5 -7.16 69.26 XY2-1.1 255 -7.01 69.30 XY2-1 258 -6.76 69.55