# Bunker Cave, Germany 11,000 Year Stalagmite Stable Isotope and Mg/Ca Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20589 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/germany/bunker2012bu6.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothems # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, trace metals #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-04 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bunker Cave, Germany 11,000 Year Stalagmite Stable Isotope and Mg/Ca Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Fohlmeister, J.; Schroder-Ritzrau, A.; Scholz, D.; Spotl, C.; Riechelmann, D.F.; Mudelsee, M.; Wackerbarth, A.; Gerdes, A.; Riechelmann, S.; Immenhauser, A.; Richter, D.K.; Mangini, A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Four stalagmites from Bunker cave - in total covering the last about 11 ka - were investigated. Each stalagmite was 230Th dated. Full details of the chronology and age model are provided in Fohlmeister et al. (2012). Stable oxgen and carbon isotopes as well as Mg/Ca were measured at high resolution. Using a stacking program a stable oxygen isotope stack of the four stalagmites was generated. Those data are also provided. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: J. Fohlmeister, A. Schroder-Ritzrau, D., Scholz, C. Spotl, D.F.C. Riechelmann, M. Mudelsee, A. Wackerbarth, A. Gerdes, S. Riechelmann, A. Immenhauser, D.K. Richter, and A. Mangini # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012-10-31 # Published_Title: Bunker Cave stalagmites: an archive for central European Holocene climate variability # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1751-64 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-8-1751-2012 # Online_Resource: www.clim-past.net/8/1751/2012/ # Abstract: Holocene climate was characterised by variability on multi-centennial to multi-decadal time scales. In central Europe, these fluctuations were most pronounced during winter. Here we present a record of past winter climate variability for the last 10.8 ka based on four speleothems from Bunker Cave, western Germany. Due to its central European location, the cave site is particularly well suited to record changes in precipitation and temperature in response to changes in the North Atlantic realm. We present high-resolution records of d18O, d13C values and Mg/Ca ratios. Changes in the Mg/Ca ratio are attributed to past meteoric precipitation variability. The stable C isotope composition of the speleothems most likely reflects changes in vegetation and precipitation, and variations in the d18O signal are interpreted as variations in meteoric precipitation and temperature. We found cold and dry periods between 8 and 7 ka, 6.5 and 5.5 ka, 4 and 3 ka as well as between 0.7 and 0.2 ka. The proxy signals in the Bunker Cave stalagmites compare well with other isotope records and, thus, seem representative for central European Holocene climate variability. The prominent 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age cold events are both recorded in the Bunker Cave record. However, these events show a contrasting relationship between climate and d18O, which is explained by different causes underlying the two climate anomalies. Whereas the Little Ice Age is attributed to a pronounced negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the 8.2 ka event was triggered by cooler conditions in the North Atlantic due to a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: German Science Foundation # Grant: DFG research grant FG 668 (DAPHNE) #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Bunker Cave # Location: Europe>Western Europe>Germany # Country: Germany # Northernmost_Latitude: 51.3675 # Southernmost_Latitude: 51.3675 # Easternmost_Longitude: 7.6647 # Westernmost_Longitude: 7.6647 # Elevation: 184 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Bunker2012Bu6 # Earliest_Year: 10258 # Most_Recent_Year: 8749 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: 230Th dates for all four stalagmites; Individual age models and the stacked record for d18O was established # with 'iscam' (Fohlmeister, 2012; Quaternary Geochronolgy 14, pp. 48-56). # # Table 1. # Uranium and thorium isotopic compositions and 230Th ages for Bunker Cave stalagmites Bu1, Bu2, Bu4 and Bu6 # measured by TIMS. Errors are 2 sigma analytical errors. Corrected 230Th ages assume an initial 230Th/232Th # concentration ratio of 3.8+/-1.9. Samples marked by an asterisk indicate addition of extra Th (see Sect. 2.2). # # Sample ID 238U[ppb] 232Th[ppt] d234U[permil] (230Th/238U)act.ratio age uncorr.[kaBP] age corrected [ka BP] # # Bu1 # Bu1-2cm 44.4+/-0.1 36+/-2 390+/-11 0.0078+/-0.0027 0.57+/-0.21 0.56+/-0.21 # Bu1-3.3cm* 48.08+/-0.1 274+/-29 354+/-10 0.0082+/-0.0023 0.72+/-0.18 0.60+/-0.20 # Bu1-9cm 58.5+/-0.1 57+/-1 332+/-8 0.0139+/-0.0017 1.11+/-0.14 1.09+/-0.14 # Bu1-14cm 39.8+/-0.1 74+/-1 336+/-8 0.0193+/-0.0019 1.57+/-0.16 1.53+/-0.16 # Bu1-31cm 61.5+/-0.1 1004+/-8 292+/-4 0.0547+/-0.0052 5.02+/-0.46 4.66+/-0.48 # Bu1-35cm 60.4+/-0.1 1403+/-8 283+/-5 0.0581+/-0.0014 5.50+/-0.13 4.98+/-0.30 # Bu1-39.5cm 68.6+/-0.1 661+/-4 252+/-9 0.0653+/-0.0026 6.00+/-0.25 5.78+/-0.28 # Bu1-42cm 84.6+/-0.1 1317+/-6 287+/-4 0.0737+/-0.0025 6.70+/-0.23 6.36+/-0.29 # Bu1-46cm 90.7+/-0.2 100+/-1 278+/-6 0.0735+/-0.0017 6.42+/-0.16 6.40+/-0.15 # Bu1-49cm 120.6+/-0.1 891+/-8 271+/-6 0.0759+/-0.0065 6.81+/-0.59 6.64+/-0.59 # Bu2 # Bu2-1cm 57.1+/-0.1 2099+/-19 440+/-9 0.0989+/-0.0029 8.39+/-0.25 7.66+/-0.46 # Bu2-4cm 116.6+/-0.2 221+/-3 437+/-7 0.1174+/-0.0033 9.24+/-0.27 9.20+/-0.27 # Bu2-5.5cm 135.9+/-0.1 597+/-3 442+/-5 0.1288+/-0.0021 10.20+/-0.18 10.11+/-0.18 # Bu2-7cm 191.6+/-0.2 304+/-2 564+/-4 0.1469+/-0.0025 10.68+/-0.19 10.65+/-0.19 # Bu4 # Bu4-1.45cm* 66+/-0.1 54+/-33 662+/-24 0.0135+/-0.0022 0.85+/-0.15 0.83+/-0.15 # Bu4-3cm 79.5+/-0.2 47+/-0 501+/-7 0.0157+/-0.0019 1.10+/-0.14 1.09+/-0.14 # Bu4-5.5cm 75.4+/-0.2 1881+/-9 514+/-7 0.0204+/-0.0011 1.89+/-0.08 1.42+/-0.26 # Bu4-7cm 72.0+/-0.1 590+/-4 548+/-7 0.0256+/-0.0020 1.91+/-0.14 1.76+/-0.16 # Bu4-9cm 68.6+/-0.1 227+/-2 582+/-8 0.0361+/-0.0018 2.52+/-0.13 2.46+/-0.13 # Bu4-10.15cm* 57.7+/-0.1 592+/-31 558+/-10 0.0480+/-0.0022 3.53+/-0.16 3.35+/-0.19 # Bu4-12cm 95.8+/-0.2 390+/-2 598+/-7 0.0569+/-0.0021 3.96+/-0.15 3.89+/-0.16 # Bu4-13.6cm* 102.9+/-0.2 1038+/-27 587+/-7 0.0724+/-0.0016 5.20+/-0.11 5.02+/-0.15 # Bu4-15.1cm* 69.1+/-0.1 2019+/-27 664+/-7 0.0888+/-0.0034 6.39+/-0.24 5.89+/-0.36 # Bu4-17.1cm* 69+/-0.1 1200+/-41 600+/-10 0.1027+/-0.0051 7.45+/-0.37 7.14+/-0.41 # Bu4-19.25cm* 84.1+/-0.2 368+/-30 537+/-9 0.1103+/-0.0029 8.11+/-0.22 8.03+/-0.23 # Bu6 # Bu6-0.8cm 219.1+/-0.4 1437+/-8 277+/-4 0.0996+/-0.0017 8.93+/-0.16 8.78+/-0.18 # Bu6-2.5cm 199.4+/-0.4 333+/-2 271+/-5 0.1127+/-0.0018 10.08+/-0.18 10.04+/-0.18 # Bu6-3.8cm 237.0+/-0.5 2779+/-14 275+/-6 0.1190+/-0.0032 10.86+/-0.30 10.59+/-0.34 # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_calBP age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N ## depth_mm depth, , , mm, , , , ,N ## d13CcarbVPDB delta13C, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothem, , ,N ## d18OcarbVPDB delta18O, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothem, , ,N ## 100*Mg/Ca Mg/Ca, calcium carbonate, , ratio multipied by 100, ,speleothem, , ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_calBP depth_mm d13CcarbVPDB d18OcarbVPDB 100*Mg/Ca 8749 5.4 -10.03 -5.5 0.27 8772.9 5.7 -10.12 -5.56 0.25 8796.8 6 -10.01 -5.52 0.25 8820.7 6.3 -10.15 -5.72 0.24 8844.6 6.6 -10.26 -6.46 0.25 8868.4 6.9 -10.31 -6.28 0.26 8892.3 7.2 -10.3 -5.57 0.24 8916.2 7.5 -10.35 -5.34 0.24 8940.1 7.8 -10.45 -5.23 0.22 8964 8.1 -9.72 -5.37 0.26 8987.9 8.4 -9.56 -5.37 0.26 9011.8 8.7 -9.88 -5.4 0.28 9035.6 9 -10.02 -5.55 0.27 9059.5 9.3 -10.03 -5.44 0.29 9083.4 9.6 -10.02 -5.57 0.26 9107.3 9.9 -10.02 -5.9 0.27 9131.2 10.2 -9.95 -5.89 0.26 9155.1 10.5 -10.02 -5.67 0.26 9178.9 10.8 -9.69 -5.02 0.24 9202.8 11.1 -9.49 -4.7 0.21 9226.7 11.4 -10.01 -5.57 0.23 9250.6 11.7 -9.91 -5.55 0.24 9274.5 12 -9.81 -5.17 0.28 9298.4 12.3 -9.83 -5.31 0.26 9322.3 12.6 -9.93 -5.42 0.22 9346.1 12.9 -9.9 -5.37 0.23 9370 13.2 -9.91 -5.78 0.28 9393.9 13.5 -9.86 -5.92 0.23 9417.8 13.8 -9.95 -6 0.24 9441.7 14.1 -10 -5.96 0.28 9465.6 14.4 -10.13 -6.15 0.27 9489.5 14.7 -10.08 -6.07 0.25 9513.3 15 -10.01 -5.3 0.24 9537.2 15.3 -9.79 -4.85 0.26 9561.1 15.6 -9.68 -5 0.24 9585 15.9 -9.75 -5.01 0.21 9608.9 16.2 -9.81 -5.18 0.2 9632.8 16.5 -10.22 -5.71 0.26 9656.7 16.8 -9.94 -5.49 0.24 9680.5 17.1 -10.04 -5.29 0.22 9704.4 17.4 -10.13 -5.31 0.22 9728.3 17.7 -9.98 -5.15 0.25 9752.2 18 -9.96 -5.06 0.27 9776.1 18.3 -10.12 -5.17 9800 18.6 -10.27 -5.3 9823.9 18.9 -10.52 -5.53 9847.7 19.2 -10.42 -5.71 0.3 9871.6 19.5 -10.5 -5.9 0.3 9895.5 19.8 -10.33 -6 0.32 9919.4 20.1 -10.64 -6.08 0.32 9943.3 20.4 -10.51 -6.15 0.27 9967.2 20.7 -10.43 -6.32 0.27 9991.1 21 -10.29 -5.97 0.23 10014.9 21.3 -10.56 -6.08 0.23 10038.8 21.6 -10.42 -6.37 0.26 10062.7 21.9 -10.35 -6.17 0.25 10086.6 22.2 -10.48 -6.5 0.22 10110.5 22.5 -10.5 -6.59 0.24 10134.4 22.8 -10.49 -6.73 0.24 10158.2 23.1 -10.41 -6.98 0.24 10182.1 23.4 -10.05 -6.61 0.25 10206 23.7 -10.03 -6.54 0.27 10210.8 24 -10.21 -6.33 0.25 10211.8 24.3 -10.33 -6.12 0.25 10212.7 24.6 -10.43 -6.43 0.26 10213.7 24.9 -10.4 -7.18 0.29 10214.7 25.2 -10.38 -7.18 0.29 10215.6 25.5 -10.32 -6.84 0.28 10216.6 25.8 -10.31 -6.29 0.27 10217.6 26.1 -10.22 -6.19 0.27 10218.5 26.4 -10.29 -6.54 0.3 10219.5 26.7 -9.93 -6.03 0.3 10220.5 27 -9.92 -5.98 0.24 10221.4 27.3 -9.83 -5.84 0.29 10222.4 27.6 -9.72 -5.76 0.28 10223.4 27.9 -9.66 -5.79 0.29 10224.3 28.2 -9.57 -5.64 0.27 10225.3 28.5 -9.65 -5.7 0.23 10226.3 28.8 -9.82 -5.85 0.24 10227.2 29.1 -9.75 -5.72 0.24 10228.2 29.4 -9.72 -5.71 0.26 10229.2 29.7 -9.81 -5.8 0.27 10230.1 30 -9.69 -5.67 0.22 10231.1 30.3 -9.79 -5.48 0.23 10232.1 30.6 -9.88 -5.53 0.21 10233 30.9 -9.95 -5.94 0.24 10234 31.2 -10.24 -6.32 0.25 10235 31.5 -9.99 -5.84 0.27 10235.9 31.8 -9.78 -5.59 0.28 10236.9 32.1 -9.77 -5.76 0.27 10237.9 32.4 -9.85 -5.77 0.26 10238.8 32.7 -9.73 -5.59 0.29 10239.8 33 -9.98 -5.89 0.26 10240.8 33.3 -9.87 -5.81 0.25 10241.8 33.6 -10.29 -6.03 0.24 10242.7 33.9 -10.07 -5.89 0.23 10243.7 34.2 -10.15 -5.86 0.27 10244.7 34.5 -10.09 -5.83 0.29 10245.6 34.8 -10.3 -5.77 0.28 10246.6 35.1 -10.78 -6.33 0.3 10247.6 35.4 -10.79 -5.93 0.27 10248.5 35.7 -10.5 -5.69 0.29 10249.5 36 -10.31 -5.84 0.31 10250.5 36.3 -10.4 -6.13 0.29 10251.4 36.6 -10.56 -6.07 0.28 10252.4 36.9 -10.49 -6.13 0.28 10253.4 37.2 -10.65 -6.46 0.33 10254.3 37.5 -10.47 -6.08 0.29 10255.3 37.8 -10.84 -6.57 0.31 10256.3 38.1 -10.82 -6.65 0.32 10257.2 38.4 -10.63 -6.29 0.35 10258.2 38.7 -10.61 -6.38 0.3