# Hölloch Cave, Germany 65-35 KYrBP Speleothem d18O Data 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
#
# Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18155
#
# Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/germany/holloch2014hol16-17.txt
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Speleothems
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2015-03-05
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Hölloch Cave, Germany 65-35 KYrBP Speleothem d18O Data 
#--------------------
# Investigators
# 	Investigators: Moseley, G.E.; Spötl, C.; Svensson, A.; Cheng, H.; Brandstätter, S.; Edwards, R.L.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: A climate record consisting of four precisely dated stalagmites from Hölloch cave located at the northern rim 
#	of the European Alps (NALPS) is presented. The region is exposed to a strong Atlantic influence via northwesterly winds 
#	favouring a comparison with climate in Greenland. 230Th dates (n = 59, datum = 1950 AD) are in stratigraphic order within 
#	2s uncertainty. Powders were micro-milled at a resolution of 0.1-0.25 mm from the central axis of each stalagmite and 
#	analyzed for d18O (n = 4875). Confidence that isotopic equilibrium was closely maintained during deposition is given by 
#	remarkable replication of the stable-isotope profiles between stalagmites. The temporal resolution of the final modeled 
#	stable-isotope interval averages 4 yr (range <1-70 yr) and covers ten out of thirteen stadial - interstadial transitions, 
#	plus two precursor events during MIS 3.
#
#--------------------
# Publication 
# 	Authors: Gina E. Moseley, Christoph Spötl, Anders Svensson, Hai Cheng, Susanne Brandstätter, and R. Lawrence Edwards
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-12-01     
#	Published_Title: Multi-speleothem record reveals tightly coupled climate between central Europe and Greenland during Marine Isotope Stage 3 
#	Journal_Name: Geology
#	Volume: 42
#	Edition: 
#	Issue: 12
#	Pages: 1043-1046
#	DOI: 10.1130/G36063.1
#	Online_Resource: http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/42/12/1043.abstract
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt, millennial-scale climate changes that contain useful information about the rate at which the climate can change from one state to another. Improvement in our knowledge of the temporal and spatial character of these rapid climate changes is important for understanding their causes and effects, and provides essential observational information for modeling studies. Here, we expand the coverage of terrestrial climate records during the last glacial period, and present a series of high-resolution stalagmite records from a cave in the northern Alps (central Europe) covering parts of the period 65-35 ka (before A.D. 1950). The climatic pattern revealed by the stalagmite temperature-controlled d18O profiles strongly resembles that of Greenland ice cores on millennial scales, and also corresponds to the detail of decadal-scale cooling events within interstadials. This demonstrates for the first time a strong climatic similarity and/or coupling between the two regions during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). Furthermore, an overall long-term agreement between the northern European Alps stalagmite chronology (NALPS) presented here, and the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 modelext (GICC05modelext), suggests that the central value of the Greenland chronology may be slightly too young, possibly as a result of an undercounting of layers in a younger section of the core, and that the uncertainty on the Greenland chronology may be overestimated. The synchronicity displayed here between Greenland and central Europe, especially during the period 65-49 ka, is crucial for our understanding of climate-system teleconnections that existed during the last glacial period, and will be important for developing mechanisms of abrupt climate events.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: Austrian Science Fund 
#	Grant: P222780
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#	Grant: 1103403
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: Hölloch Cave
#	Location: Europe>Western Europe>Germany
#	Country: Germany
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 47.6333
#	Southernmost_Latitude: 47.6333
#	Easternmost_Longitude: 10.25
#	Westernmost_Longitude: 10.25
#	Elevation: 1240 m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Holloch2014Hol16-17
#	Earliest_Year: 37578
#	Most_Recent_Year: 35705
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology: 
#
# U-Th Ages (n=10) HOL-16 and HOL-17 (DO7-8)
# depth	age	uncertainty
# 2.00	35832	694
# 4.75	37325	4048
# 9.00	36100	752
# 12.50	36701	3772
# 14.25	35576	406
# 18.00	35867	850
# 23.16	35898	150
# 23.52	36037	130
# 24.75	36173	255
# 31.00	37147	549
#
#
#
#----------------
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
##depth_mm	depth, , , mm, , , , ,N
##age_calBP	age, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N
##age_calBP95+	age Upper 95% Confidence Limit, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N
##age_calBP95-	age Lower 95% Confidence Limit, , , calendar years before present, , , , ,N
##d18OcarbVPDB	delta18O, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothem, , ,N
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
# Composite record built up from HOL-16 and HOL-17
#
depth_mm	age_calBP	age_calBP95+	age_calBP95-	d18OcarbVPDB
0.50	35705	36027	35008	-9.30
0.75	35711	36030	35044	-9.10
1.00	35718	36033	35077	-8.99
1.25	35724	36036	35096	-8.98
1.50	35729	36038	35109	-8.98
1.75	35734	36041	35120	-8.98
2.00	35738	36044	35128	-8.96
2.25	35741	36046	35134	-8.96
2.50	35744	36048	35136	-8.89
2.75	35746	36049	35136	-8.81
3.00	35747	36050	35136	-8.77
3.25	35748	36051	35136	-8.90
3.50	35748	36051	35136	-9.08
3.75	35748	36051	35136	-9.03
4.00	35748	36051	35136	-8.83
4.25	35748	36051	35136	-8.60
4.50	35749	36051	35136	-8.51
4.75	35750	36051	35136	-8.53
5.00	35751	36051	35136	-8.54
5.25	35752	36051	35136	-8.60
5.50	35753	36051	35138	-8.61
5.75	35754	36051	35141	-8.64
6.00	35755	36051	35145	-8.71
6.25	35756	36051	35151	-8.72
6.50	35757	36051	35159	-8.69
6.75	35758	36051	35167	-8.56
7.00	35759	36051	35176	-8.55
7.25	35760	36051	35176	-8.55
7.50	35761	36051	35183	-8.62
7.75	35762	36051	35192	-8.65
8.00	35762	36051	35199	-8.68
8.25	35763	36051	35204	-8.63
8.50	35763	36051	35207	-8.53
8.75	35763	36051	35207	-8.51
9.00	35764	36051	35207	-8.52
9.25	35764	36051	35207	-8.57
9.50	35764	36051	35207	-8.59
9.75	35764	36051	35207	-8.56
10.00	35764	36051	35207	-8.58
10.25	35764	36051	35207	-8.66
10.50	35764	36051	35207	-8.85
10.75	35764	36051	35207	-8.96
11.00	35764	36051	35207	-8.87
11.25	35764	36051	35207	-8.77
11.50	35764	36051	35207	-8.74
11.75	35764	36051	35208	-8.76
12.00	35764	36051	35210	-8.65
12.25	35764	36051	35211	-8.64
12.34	35764	36051	35211	-8.45
12.50	35764	36051	35211	-8.50
12.66	35764	36051	35211	-8.25
12.75	35764	36051	35211	-8.51
13.00	35764	36051	35211	-8.47
13.25	35764	36051	35211	-8.80
13.50	35764	36051	35211	-8.90
13.63	35764	36051	35214	-8.82
13.75	35764	36051	35217	-8.88
14.00	35764	36051	35222	-8.88
14.25	35764	36051	35225	-9.09
14.50	35764	36051	35225	-9.06
14.58	35764	36051	35225	-8.86
14.70	35765	36051	35225	-8.74
14.75	35765	36051	35225	-8.63
14.87	35766	36052	35225	-8.76
15.00	35766	36052	35225	-9.00
15.09	35767	36052	35225	-9.20
15.25	35768	36052	35225	-9.33
15.39	35769	36052	35225	-9.53
15.50	35770	36053	35225	-9.79
15.75	35772	36053	35225	-10.18
15.77	35772	36053	35225	-10.28
16.00	35775	36054	35225	-10.45
16.23	35777	36054	35225	-10.46
16.25	35777	36054	35225	-10.65
16.50	35783	36055	35225	-10.70
16.75	35788	36055	35225	-10.82
16.76	35788	36055	35225	-10.78
17.00	35794	36055	35229	-10.77
17.25	35799	36056	35235	-10.72
17.35	35801	36056	35238	-10.75
17.50	35805	36056	35243	-10.80
17.75	35810	36056	35252	-10.94
18.00	35816	36056	35262	-11.07
18.25	35821	36056	35272	-11.18
18.50	35826	36056	35288	-11.22
18.70	35830	36056	35302	-11.06
18.75	35831	36056	35305	-11.10
19.00	35836	36056	35321	-11.05
19.25	35841	36056	35336	-11.22
19.43	35845	36056	35348	-11.01
19.50	35847	36056	35353	-11.07
19.75	35852	36056	35371	-11.03
20.00	35857	36056	35391	-11.27
20.16	35861	36056	35406	-11.11
20.25	35863	36056	35416	-11.21
20.50	35869	36056	35444	-11.20
20.75	35876	36056	35478	-11.38
20.88	35880	36056	35498	-11.16
21.00	35883	36056	35517	-11.13
21.25	35891	36056	35558	-11.15
21.50	35899	36057	35600	-11.35
21.75	35908	36059	35643	-11.45
22.00	35917	36061	35684	-11.33
22.25	35927	36065	35722	-11.33
22.50	35938	36071	35756	-11.22
22.75	35950	36077	35785	-11.27
23.00	35963	36090	35810	-11.19
23.25	35978	36111	35832	-10.98
23.50	35995	36134	35853	-10.91
23.57	36000	36141	35859	-10.80
23.75	36015	36161	35873	-10.84
23.86	36024	36174	35882	-10.78
24.00	36038	36192	35895	-10.82
24.09	36047	36204	35903	-10.79
24.25	36065	36226	35918	-10.78
24.27	36067	36229	35920	-10.71
24.41	36085	36250	35935	-10.70
24.50	36097	36264	35946	-10.69
24.53	36101	36269	35950	-10.62
24.64	36116	36287	35963	-10.60
24.75	36133	36306	35978	-10.59
24.88	36153	36329	35997	-10.65
25.00	36173	36350	36014	-10.66
25.02	36176	36354	36017	-10.66
25.17	36202	36382	36040	-10.67
25.25	36216	36398	36053	-10.72
25.34	36232	36416	36067	-10.80
25.50	36261	36448	36093	-10.73
25.52	36265	36452	36096	-10.83
25.72	36302	36493	36128	-10.83
25.75	36307	36499	36133	-10.83
25.93	36340	36537	36161	-10.75
26.00	36353	36552	36172	-10.65
26.15	36380	36584	36194	-10.74
26.25	36398	36606	36208	-10.70
26.38	36421	36634	36226	-10.85
26.50	36441	36660	36241	-10.95
26.62	36461	36686	36255	-11.10
26.75	36481	36714	36269	-11.02
26.86	36498	36738	36279	-10.98
27.00	36519	36768	36292	-10.88
27.12	36536	36794	36302	-10.86
27.25	36555	36822	36312	-10.85
27.39	36574	36852	36323	-10.88
27.50	36589	36875	36330	-10.92
27.66	36610	36910	36340	-10.98
27.75	36622	36929	36346	-11.03
27.94	36647	36970	36357	-11.07
28.00	36654	36983	36361	-11.08
28.23	36684	37032	36374	-11.03
28.25	36687	37036	36375	-11.05
28.50	36720	37090	36391	-11.07
28.53	36724	37097	36393	-11.16
28.75	36754	37144	36407	-11.13
28.82	36763	37159	36412	-11.09
29.00	36788	37199	36425	-11.01
29.13	36807	37227	36435	-11.10
29.25	36823	37253	36444	-11.12
29.43	36849	37292	36458	-11.15
29.50	36859	37307	36463	-11.05
29.74	36894	37359	36482	-11.00
29.75	36895	37361	36483	-11.00
30.00	36931	37416	36503	-11.03
30.05	36938	37427	36507	-11.01
30.25	36967	37470	36522	-11.01
30.37	36984	37496	36532	-10.98
30.50	37003	37524	36541	-10.98
30.68	37028	37563	36555	-10.96
30.75	37038	37578	36560	-10.87
31.00	37073	37632	36578	-10.94
31.25	37108	37686	36596	-10.91
31.50	37142	37740	36613	-10.97
31.63	37160	37768	36622	-11.06
31.75	37177	37794	36630	-11.01
31.95	37204	37837	36643	-11.06
32.00	37211	37848	36647	-10.85
32.25	37246	37902	36663	-10.87
32.26	37247	37904	36664	-10.86
32.50	37281	37956	36680	-10.87
32.57	37291	37971	36685	-10.91
32.75	37316	38009	36698	-10.87
32.87	37333	38035	36706	-10.94
33.00	37351	38063	36715	-10.93
33.18	37377	38102	36728	-10.94
33.25	37386	38117	36733	-10.88
33.47	37418	38165	36748	-10.87
33.50	37422	38171	36750	-10.80
33.75	37457	38225	36768	-10.79
33.77	37460	38230	36770	-10.77
34.00	37493	38280	36786	-10.76
34.06	37501	38293	36790	-10.75
34.25	37528	38334	36804	-10.73
34.34	37541	38354	36810	-10.67
34.50	37563	38389	36822	-10.59
34.61	37578	38413	36829	-10.52