Buca della Renella, Italy Flowstone Isotope, Mg/Ca, and Fluorescence Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Buca della Renella, Italy Flowstone Isotope, Mg/Ca, and Fluorescence Data LAST UPDATE: 9/2007 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Russell Drysdale, University of Newcastle IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-085 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Drysdale, R., et al. 2007. Buca della Renella, Italy Flowstone Isotope, Mg/Ca, and Fluorescence Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2007-085. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Drysdale, R., G. Zanchetta, J. Hellstrom, R. Maas, A. Fallick, M. Pickett, I. Cartwright, and L. Piccini. 2006. Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone. Geology, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 101–104, February 2006. doi: 10.1130/G22103.1 ABSTRACT: A severe drought in parts of low-latitude northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia ~4200 yr ago caused major disruption to ancient civilizations. Stable isotope, trace element, and organic fluorescence data from a calcite flowstone collected from the well- watered Alpi Apuane karst of central-western Italy indicate that the climatic event responsible for this drought was also recorded in mid- latitude Europe. Although the timing of this event coincides with an episode of increased ice-rafted debris to the subpolar North Atlantic, the regional ocean-atmosphere response seems atypical of similar Holocene ice-rafting events. Furthermore, comparison of the flowstone data with other regional proxies suggests that the most extreme part of the dry spell occurred toward the end of a longer-term climate anomaly. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Central-western Italy PERIOD OF RECORD: 7 - 1 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCE: Federazione Speleologica Toscana. DESCRIPTION: Stable isotope, Mg/Ca, and fluorescence data from flowstone sample RL4 from Buca della Renella, west central Italy, ~44°N, ~10°E. Flowstone d18O and d13C values were determined by gas-source mass spectrometry. Mg and Ca concentrations using standard inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Fluorescence measurements were made directly from RL4 using a fiber-optic probe coupled to a Varian Cary Eclipse spectrophotometer. 230Th/234U dating was performed on thirteen 20–30 mg samples. DATA: 1. RL4 oxygen and carbon isotope data and Mg/Ca ratios, from Figure 2, Drysdale et al. 2006. Column 1: Age (ka) Column 2: d13C (per mil. VPDB) Column 3: d18O (per mil. VPDB) Column 4: Mg/Ca (molar) Age d13C d18O Mg/Ca (molar) 1.27 -6.74 -4.34 0.0345 1.32 -6.55 -4.27 0.0411 1.38 -6.95 -4.13 0.0405 1.48 -6.63 -4.15 0.0402 1.57 -6.84 -2.70 0.0472 1.64 -7.24 -3.74 0.0447 1.69 -5.83 -3.59 0.0558 1.73 -6.47 -3.58 0.0480 1.78 -6.30 -3.58 0.0499 1.82 -6.44 -3.48 0.0502 1.87 -6.59 -3.67 0.0459 1.91 -6.03 -3.76 0.0514 1.98 -6.37 -4.26 0.0314 2.05 -6.23 -3.87 0.0475 2.09 -6.35 -3.53 0.0477 2.15 -6.37 -3.82 0.0457 2.18 -7.27 -3.51 0.0428 2.20 -7.59 -3.79 0.0399 2.26 -7.06 -3.43 0.0445 2.28 -7.87 -3.81 0.0393 2.30 -6.88 -3.80 0.0424 2.35 -6.85 -3.69 0.0415 2.39 -7.67 -4.25 0.0379 2.41 -7.69 -3.96 0.0357 2.45 -7.30 -4.11 0.0390 2.46 -7.29 -3.80 0.0378 2.50 -6.93 -3.51 0.0429 2.52 -7.35 -3.89 0.0376 2.55 -7.99 -4.26 0.0365 2.57 -7.92 -4.05 0.0346 2.58 -8.07 -4.26 0.0324 2.63 -8.25 -4.20 0.0331 2.67 -8.10 -4.25 0.0323 2.68 -8.10 -4.13 0.0316 2.70 -8.67 -4.20 0.0312 2.72 -7.89 -3.59 0.0350 2.76 -8.01 -4.54 0.0350 2.78 -7.90 -4.21 0.0347 2.80 -8.19 -4.14 0.0311 2.82 -7.96 -4.04 0.0351 2.86 -8.58 -4.05 0.0301 2.91 -8.00 -4.33 0.0333 2.94 -7.81 -3.97 0.0351 2.99 -7.76 -3.98 0.0357 3.02 -7.87 -3.97 0.0338 3.08 -7.79 -3.73 0.0375 3.11 -7.64 -3.96 0.0382 3.18 -8.22 -4.01 0.0359 3.26 -8.14 -3.74 0.0356 3.30 -7.72 -3.74 0.0376 3.34 -8.07 -3.87 0.0329 3.38 -7.50 -3.94 0.0368 3.48 -7.58 -4.02 0.0370 3.53 -7.45 -4.17 0.0382 3.63 -8.45 -4.19 0.0322 3.69 -7.63 -3.87 0.0367 3.74 -7.39 -4.04 0.0387 3.80 -7.94 -4.32 0.0335 3.86 -7.77 -3.03 0.0337 3.93 -6.38 -3.80 0.0487 3.99 -6.48 -3.46 0.0483 4.12 -6.30 -3.73 0.0467 4.19 -5.87 -3.50 0.0512 4.32 -5.41 -3.32 0.0542 4.39 -6.81 -3.57 0.0440 4.46 -7.51 -4.17 0.0384 4.52 -7.72 -3.96 0.0372 4.59 -7.38 -3.84 0.0396 4.72 -8.24 -4.32 0.0338 4.79 -8.08 -4.45 0.0342 4.92 -7.54 -4.16 0.0370 5.10 -7.38 -3.98 0.0390 5.16 -7.56 -3.67 0.0398 5.27 -6.81 -3.58 0.0451 5.32 -7.16 -3.71 0.0436 5.37 -6.64 -3.42 0.0439 5.42 -6.69 -3.40 0.0440 5.46 -7.52 -4.06 0.0362 5.54 -7.22 -4.02 0.0409 5.57 -7.47 -3.81 0.0394 5.64 -6.90 -3.88 0.0414 5.67 -7.52 -3.86 0.0392 5.70 -7.47 -4.08 0.0397 5.76 -7.03 -3.53 0.0436 5.78 -7.50 -3.84 0.0399 5.81 -5.89 -3.50 0.0464 5.87 -6.97 -3.85 0.0396 5.93 -7.09 -4.37 0.0343 5.96 -7.26 -4.22 0.0352 6.03 -6.98 -3.96 0.0420 6.07 -6.47 -3.80 0.0389 6.10 -6.51 -3.85 0.0399 6.18 -6.84 -4.12 0.0385 6.27 -7.40 -3.85 0.0355 6.36 -5.92 -3.68 0.0474 6.45 -6.67 -3.67 0.0435 6.55 -7.70 -4.25 0.0350 6.60 -7.83 -3.90 0.0335 6.70 -7.72 -4.07 0.0364 6.75 -7.56 -4.18 0.0378 6.85 -7.60 -4.33 0.0340 6.90 -7.18 -3.99 0.0345 7.00 -6.54 -3.75 0.0398 2. RL4 organic fluorescence data from Figure 2, Drysdale et al. 2006. Column 1: Age for fluorescence (ka) Column 2: Fluorescence emission wavelength (nm) Age Fluorescence 1.32 451 1.36 451 1.43 457 1.50 451 1.57 449 1.63 435 1.67 426 1.70 443 1.73 450 1.77 457 1.80 461 1.83 460 1.87 460 1.89 453 1.92 451 1.96 451 2.00 454 2.04 460 2.07 453 2.10 454 2.13 454 2.16 456 2.18 454 2.19 449 2.22 432 2.26 430 2.28 433 2.29 448 2.31 453 2.35 462 2.38 462 2.40 458 2.41 459 2.44 457 2.45 454 2.46 458 2.48 463 2.50 458 2.51 457 2.53 451 2.55 464 2.56 463 2.57 459 2.58 462 2.60 466 2.64 466 2.67 465 2.68 452 2.68 459 2.70 462 2.71 464 2.73 460 2.76 466 2.77 466 2.79 462 2.80 459 2.81 459 2.83 464 2.86 463 2.89 466 2.92 463 2.94 458 2.98 463 3.00 461 3.04 461 3.08 458 3.10 463 3.13 458 3.18 464 3.23 464 3.27 462 3.29 464 3.30 465 3.32 464 3.34 461 3.35 465 3.38 464 3.43 458 3.48 462 3.50 462 3.53 460 3.59 461 3.64 465 3.68 468 3.72 458 3.76 455 3.81 451 3.86 434 3.92 432 3.96 429 4.05 427 4.14 422 4.19 428 4.28 428 4.35 432 4.39 434 4.43 432 4.48 426 4.51 429 4.55 430 4.60 429 4.68 430 4.74 453 4.78 455 4.84 455 4.93 457 5.05 459 5.12 462 5.15 457 5.21 460 5.28 455 5.31 457 5.34 456 5.37 461 5.41 455 5.43 453 5.47 452 5.53 453 5.56 458 5.59 458 5.64 459 5.66 466 5.68 457 5.71 457 5.75 455 5.77 454 5.78 450 5.80 455 5.84 453 5.88 459 5.92 460 5.94 454 5.96 455 5.99 453 6.03 454 6.06 455 6.07 455 6.08 454 6.10 456 6.14 455 6.19 450 6.24 452 6.29 458 6.34 462 6.40 462 6.49 459 6.56 459 6.66 454