# Buraca Gloriosa Cave d13C and d18O and Model Output Data from 800 - 2013 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/37160 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-37160.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/pg3x-tp22 # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/portugal/thatcher2022/thatcher2022-bg136_isotope_record.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; BG136 Isotope Record Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-12-22 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-06-23 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Buraca Gloriosa Cave d13C and d18O and Model Output Data from 800 - 2013 CE #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thatcher, Diana #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: # Provided Keywords: Stalagmite, Azores High, Hydroclimate, Last millennium, Last MillenniumEnsemble, Paleoclimate #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: D.L. Thatcher, A.D. Wanamaker, R.F. Denniston, C.C. Ummenhofer, Y. Asmerom, V.J. Polyak, N. Cresswell-Clay, F. Hasiuk, J. Haws, D.P. Gillikin # Published_Date_or_Year: 2023-04-01 # Published_Title: Iberian hydroclimate variability and the Azores High during the last 1200 years: Evidence from proxy records and climate model simulations # Journal_Name: Climate Dynamics # Volume: 60 # Edition: # Issue: 7-8 # Pages: 2365–2387 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1007/s00382-022-06427-6 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The state of the atmospheric circulation and the associated hydroclimate in the North Atlantic during the last millennium remain the subject of considerable debate in both proxy- and model-based studies. Of particular interest in the Iberian region is the Azores High (AH) system, the southern node of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), an atmospheric dipole closely tied to regional hydroclimate. Hydroclimate-sensitive proxy reconstructions from this region offer some insights into atmospheric dynamics, but large spatiotemporal gaps in these data inhibit a robust evaluation of hydroclimate variability. In this study, we present a continuous, sub-decadally-resolved composite stalagmite carbon isotopic record from three partially overlapping stalagmites from Buraca Gloriosa (BG) cave, western Portugal, situated within the center of the AH, that preserves evidence of regional hydroclimate variability from approximately 800 CE to the present. Chronologies are derived from U/Th dating and annual laminae. Stalagmite carbon isotopic values primarily reflect the amount of effective moisture and reveal generally dry conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ~ 850–1250 CE) and Modern Climate/Industrial Era (1850 CE-present), and wetter conditions during the Little Ice Age (LIA; ~ 1400–1850 CE). Multidecadal to centennial variability in the BG record and state-of-the-art last millennium climate model simulations show considerable coherence with precipitation-sensitive records from Spain and Morocco that, like BG, are strongly influenced by the intensity, size, and location of the AH. Model-proxy synthesis suggests that western Portugal was persistently dry during much of the MCA consistent with other NAO reconstructions; however, even considering age uncertainties, the apparent timing in the transition from a relatively dry MCA to a wetter LIA is spatially variable and confirms the non-stationary behavior of the AH system indicated by model output. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1804528, 1804132, 1806025, 1805163, BCS-0455145, BCS-0612923, BCS-1118155, 1804635 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ocean Climate Change Institute # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution # Grant: James E. and Barbara V. Moltz Fellowship #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Buraca Gloriosa Cave # Location: Portugal # Northernmost_Latitude: 39.53 # Southernmost_Latitude: 39.53 # Easternmost_Longitude: -8.78 # Westernmost_Longitude: -8.78 # Elevation_m: 420 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: BG136_Isotope_Record # First_Year: 803 # Last_Year: 2011 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: U-Th isotopic ratios and 230Th ages for core BG136 # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: 1.55125e-10 # 234U_Decay_Constant: 2.82206e-6 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: 9.1705e-6 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 13.5 ± 6.75 ppm # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: based on analysis of modern drip water and an isochron at 109 mm from the stalagmite top # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_mm 238U_ppb 232Th_ppt d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_uncorr_BM meas_yr age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BM age_corr_CE age_corr_2s_yr # BG136 2.5 80.0 116.0 287.7 1.3 0.0042 0.00135 48 23 353 2013 114 253 1760 129 # BG136 4 90.0 42.0 292.7 1.3 0.0029 0.00122 103 111 249 2013 103 216 1797 109 # BG136 7 100.0 74.0 315.3 1.3 0.0065 0.00124 144 93 539 2013 104 489 1524 111 # BG136 12.7 101.7 213.7 345.4 1.4 0.0071 0.00130 56 17 581 2013 106 441 1572 131 # BG136 17.2 89.5 45.8 349.5 1.4 0.0071 0.00127 228 217 575 2013 103 541 1472 109 # BG136 19 113.0 140.0 345.3 1.4 0.0088 0.00121 118 48 716 2013 99 634 1379 111 # BG136 21.5 79.0 85.0 351.4 1.4 0.0098 0.00153 149 82 792 2013 125 720 1293 135 # BG136 25 64.0 49.0 346.5 1.4 0.0116 0.00149 252 194 942 2013 122 891 1122 130 # BG136 25.3 73.2 69.5 343.0 1.4 0.0120 0.00153 208 130 976 2013 125 913 1100 135 # BG136 29.5 79.0 188.0 324.5 1.6 0.0140 0.00153 98 27 1160 2013 127 1001 1012 155 # BG136 39 82.0 46.0 312.8 1.4 0.0157 0.00159 457 503 1311 2013 134 1272 741 141 # BG136 50 108.0 174.0 296.1 1.4 0.0167 0.00112 171 49 1413 2013 96 1302 711 115 # BG136 60 78.0 123.0 275.5 1.3 0.0204 0.00135 213 72 1757 2013 118 1647 366 135 # BG136 67.5 87.0 220.0 283.4 1.3 0.0209 0.00123 136 28 1790 2013 106 1615 398 142 # BG136 73 89.0 475.0 286.6 1.3 0.0262 0.00123 81 8 2249 2013 107 1879 134 215 # BG136 85 96.0 196.0 306.2 1.3 0.0308 0.00119 249 56 2597 2013 102 2458 -445 127 # BG136 95 88.0 171.0 314.2 1.5 0.0323 0.00128 277 72 2713 2013 109 2582 -569 131 # BG136 112 152.0 68.2 325.9 1.8 0.0332 0.00186 1220 1887 2770 2013 157 2740 -727 165 #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,speleothems,,,N, ## d13C_VPDB delta 13C,calcite,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,core BG136 ## d18O_VPDB delta 18O,calcite,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,core BG136 #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: age_CE d13C_VPDB d18O_VPDB 2011.629 -4.72612 -3.06296 2003.29 -2.83604 -1.76293 1995.441 -2.56965 -1.73213 1987.102 -2.46723 -2.37098 1978.763 -2.18237 -2.65262 1970.914 -1.98064 -2.91427 1962.575 -1.63594 -2.90091 1952.765 -1.75332 -3.12321 1942.954 -1.86969 -3.00605 1933.144 -1.86849 -2.89398 1923.333 -2.0426 -2.97841 1913.522 -1.89469 -3.04428 1903.712 -1.92431 -3.10975 1893.901 -1.91096 -2.23893 1884.09 -2.0434 -2.46754 1874.28 -2.05555 -2.54055 1864.469 -2.07403 -2.51078 1854.658 -2.59284 -3.00095 1844.848 -2.53631 -2.79823 1835.037 -2.78272 -3.06172 1825.227 -2.95663 -2.99942 1815.416 -2.87851 -3.40791 1805.605 -3.53027 -3.83914 1795.871 -3.82638 -3.64999 1786.296 -4.10201 -3.82395 1776.721 -3.96525 -3.92265 1767.146 -3.66793 -3.94906 1758.091 -4.23706 -4.17758 1750.516 -4.11466 -4.31493 1742.941 -3.58138 -3.60471 1735.366 -4.45655 -3.72799 1727.791 -3.97569 -3.40648 1720.216 -4.6148 -3.65141 1712.641 -4.17952 -3.61165 1705.066 -4.64881 -3.80778 1697.49 -4.46512 -3.65244 1689.915 -5.37943 -3.47383 1682.34 -6.66755 -4.04292 1674.765 -6.90553 -4.46562 1667.19 -6.23965 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1398.087 -6.89325 -4.15592 1392.341 -7.00475 -3.84197 1386.596 -6.52049 -3.89503 1380.85 -5.97083 -3.91527 1376.087 -5.13156 -3.7745 1373.662 -4.3379 -3.35484 1371.237 -3.53012 -2.86128 1368.813 -3.37636 -3.58496 1366.388 -3.61105 -3.08281 1363.743 -4.01792 -3.26478 1361.318 -4.74538 -3.56738 1358.893 -5.0581 -3.46607 1356.468 -4.7031 -3.15805 1354.043 -3.84274 -2.80638 1348.532 -3.57331 -2.65692 1343.021 -3.37704 -2.82488 1337.51 -2.96068 -2.57718 1331.999 -3.01871 -2.69883 1326.488 -3.84758 -2.99571 1320.977 -4.32277 -3.19066 1315.466 -4.35183 -3.25885 1309.956 -4.73186 -3.50359 1304.445 -4.85547 -3.34278 1298.934 -4.87424 -3.53508 1293.423 -4.77066 -3.49558 1287.912 -4.14965 -3.47272 1285.046 -4.0067 -3.651 1282.401 -4.15469 -3.683 1279.535 -3.78522 -3.65191 1276.89 -3.49478 -3.58515 1274.024 -3.68058 -3.55804 1271.379 -3.85901 -3.76169 1268.513 -4.43373 -3.64417 1265.868 -4.85643 -3.79523 1260.357 -5.76936 -3.86811 1254.846 -6.45789 -4.35115 1249.335 -6.1727 -4.0369 1243.824 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