# Denniston et al. 1999 Cold Water Cave Iowa Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5425 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-5425.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/9taz-tt97 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/iowa/coldwater_cave-cwc1s-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Core CWC-1S Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2004-05-05 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-07 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Denniston et al. 1999 Cold Water Cave Iowa Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); González, L.A.; Baker, R.G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-725X); Reagan, M.K.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-4194); Bettis, E.A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stable isotope data (13C and 18O) of three stalagmites from Cold Water Cave, northeastern Iowa, USA. (43 28' 04" N, 91 58' 30" W, 356m surface elevation). Stalagmites dated by U-Th Series and isotope data collected on a Finnigan MAT 252 using a Kiel II device. UPDATE 3/2025: sample depths from the SISAL Global Speleothem Isotope Database v2 (https://doi.org/10.25921/s4ze-ve52) were added to data table. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, Rhawn F., Luis A. González, Yemane Asmerom, Richard G. Baker, Mark K. Reagan, E. Arthur Bettis # Journal_Name: Geology # Published_Title: Evidence for increased cool season moisture during the middle Holocene # Published_Date_or_Year: 1999 # Volume: 27 # Pages: 815-818 # Issue: 9 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0815:EFICSM>2.3.CO;2 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Isotopic analyses of three stalagmites from Cold Water Cave, northeast Iowa, United States, reveal nearly identical d13C trends from ca. 7 to 2 ka. However, d18O patterns differ by as much as 3 per mil from 5.7 to 3.2 ka. These disparate d18O values reflect evaporative 18O enrichment in meteoric water prior to infiltration, suggesting that previously calculated temperatures based on a single Cold Water Cave stalagmite overestimated middle Holocene warming. The coincidence of elevated middle Holocene growth rates in the stalagmites with the lowest oxygen isotopic compositions indicates that the middle Holocene was marked by a predominance of cool-weather precipitation during a period of increased overall aridity. #-------------------- # Authors: Dorale, J.A., L.A. Gonzalez, M.K. Reagan, D.A. Pickett, M.T. Murrell, and R.G. Baker. # Journal_Name: Science # Published_Title: A high resolution record of Holocene climate change in speleothem calcite from Cold Water Cave, northeast Iowa # Published_Date_or_Year: 1992 # Volume: 258 # Pages: 1626-1630 # Issue: 5088 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.258.5088.1626 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: High-precision uranium-thorium mass spectrometric chronology and 18O-13C isotopic analysis of speleothem calcite from Cold Water Cave in northeast Iowa have been used to chart mid-Holocene climate change. Significant shifts in δ18O and δ13C isotopic values coincide with well-documented Holocene vegetation changes. Temperature estimates based on 18O/16O ratios suggest that the climate warmed rapidly by about 3δC at 5900 years before present and then cooled by 4δC at 3600 years before present. Initiation of a gradual increase in δ13C at 5900 years before present suggests that turnover of the forest soil biomass was slow and that equilibrium with prairie vegetation was not attained by 3600 years before present. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) # Grant: NA366PO238 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cold Water Cave # Location: Iowa # Northernmost_Latitude: 43.47 # Southernmost_Latitude: 43.47 # Easternmost_Longitude: -91.97 # Westernmost_Longitude: -91.97 # Elevation_m: 356 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CWC-1S # First_Year: 7776 # Last_Year: -40 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: # 234U_Decay_Constant: 2.835 x 10-6 year-1 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: 9.1952 x 10-6 year-1 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 2.5 x 10e-6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Analyses of insoluble residues from cores 1S and 3L. # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id depth_bot_mm 238U_ppb 232Th_ppt d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr date_type notes # 1S 146.0 1074 203 978 3 0.0215 0.0020 122 1 1147 7 TIMS data reported in Dorale et al. 1992 # 1S 118.5 994 6670 950 9 0.0602 0.0007 146 2 3370 50 TIMS # 1S 94.5 1412 189 908 4 0.0831 0.0004 526 2 4742 31 TIMS data reported in Dorale et al. 1992 # 1S 70.5 994 2173 912 4 0.1032 0.0005 424 2 5890 42 TIMS data reported in Dorale et al. 1992 # 1S 56.5 912 3975 930 3 0.1111 0.0005 766 4 6306 38 TIMS data reported in Dorale et al. 1992 # 1S 37.5 1342 3667 948 3 0.1279 0.0006 14700 100 7243 49 TIMS data reported in Dorale et al. 1992 # 1S 14.0 1774 3119 951 3 0.1373 0.0005 19300 100 7774 42 TIMS data reported in Dorale et al. 1992 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N, ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d13Cpdb delta 13C,calcium carbonate,,per mil PDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18Osmow delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil SMOW,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_mm age_calBP d13Cpdb d18Osmow 169 -40 -7.55 23.7 168 12 -7.74 24.25 167 64 -8.03 24.57 166 115 -6.9 24.82 165 167 -7.83 24.38 164 219 -8 24.34 163 271 -7.71 24.5 161 374 -7.51 24.42 160 426 -7.6 24.71 159 477 -7.59 24.33 158 529 -7.89 24.3 157 581 -7.42 24.39 156 633 -7.31 24.53 155 684 -7.51 24.61 154 736 -7.2 24.81 153 788 -7.21 24.67 152 840 -7.53 24.57 151 891 -7.26 24.55 150 943 -7.59 24.49 149 995 -7.55 24.37 148 1047 -7.6 24.44 147 1098 -7.51 24.33 146 1150 -7.61 24.33 146 1150 -7.46 24.28 145 1230 -7.48 24.21 144 1310 -7.19 24.43 143 1390 -7.36 24.03 142 1470 -7.24 24.07 140.5 1590 -7.23 24.23 139.5 1670 -6.97 24.51 138.5 1750 -7.96 23.6 138 1790 -7.2 24.27 137.5 1830 -7.43 23.98 137 1870 -7.21 24.44 136 1950 -7.32 24.02 135 2030 -7.21 24.16 134 2110 -7.16 23.91 133 2190 -6.92 24.28 132 2270 -6.8 24.43 131 2350 -6.62 24.36 130.5 2390 -6.44 24.06 129.4 2478 -6.21 24.05 128.3 2566 -6.08 23.73 126.5 2710 -5.64 24.48 126 2750 -6.1 24.08 125.5 2790 -5.7 24.6 124.5 2870 -5.9 24.08 123.5 2950 -5.87 24.31 122.4 3038 -5.58 24.94 121 3150 -5.14 25.03 119.5 3270 -5.48 25.32 118.5 3350 -5.41 25.23 117.5 3408 -5.43 25.02 116.7 3454 -5.44 25.13 115.6 3518 -5.39 25.36 115.5 3524 -5.64 24.46 115 3553 -5.26 25.64 114.1 3605 -5.34 25.69 113.4 3646 -6.59 22.95 112.5 3698 -5.05 25.54 111.4 3762 -5.47 25.31 111 3785 -5.02 25.73 110.5 3814 -5.26 25.85 109.6 3867 -5.4 25.81 108.7 3919 -5.26 25.79 107.8 3971 -5.33 25.92 107 4017 -5.35 25.59 106.1 4070 -6.56 23.77 105 4134 -5.63 25.5 104 4192 -5.66 25.59 103.5 4221 -5.36 25.63 103.4 4226 -5.88 25.45 102.5 4279 -5.88 25.87 101.5 4337 -7.22 23.18 100.5 4395 -6.02 25.62 99.5 4453 -5.97 25.75 98.5 4511 -5.97 25.71 98.2 4528 -6.01 25.56 97 4598 -7.21 23.91 95.8 4668 -6.61 25.54 94.5 4743 -6.3 25.52 94.1 4762 -5.77 26.25 93.5 4791 -6.39 25.72 92.6 4834 -6.35 25.82 91.7 4877 -6.4 25.8 90.7 4925 -6.45 26.01 90 4958 -6.48 26.11 89.5 4982 -6.68 26.19 88.5 5030 -7.01 25.63 87.6 5073 -6.64 26.17 86.8 5112 -6.68 26.09 85.5 5174 -7.21 26.05 85 5198 -7.12 26.08 84.9 5203 -7.22 25.92 83.5 5270 -7.42 26.07 82.8 5303 -7.62 26 81.7 5356 -7.66 25.92 80.5 5413 -7.64 25.88 79.8 5447 -7.57 25.95 79 5485 -7.38 25.93 78.5 5509 -7.73 25.96 77.8 5543 -7.65 25.79 76.5 5605 -7.88 25.71 76.5 5605 -7.87 25.91 75.5 5653 -7.16 25.61 74.5 5701 -7.63 25.65 74 5724 -7.66 24.63 73.2 5763 -8.14 24.48 72 5820 -8.39 24.37 70.5 5892 -8.34 24.78 69.4 5925 -8.48 24.43 68.7 5945 -8.91 24.49 67.7 5975 -9.06 24.31 67 5996 -8.87 24.51 66.5 6011 -8.97 24.63 65.5 6041 -9.02 24.5 64.5 6070 -9.01 24.45 63.4 6103 -9.01 24.41 62 6145 -9.26 24.5 62 6145 -8.88 24.74 60.5 6189 -8.62 24.77 59.5 6219 -8.35 24.84 58.5 6249 -8.98 24.56 56.5 6308 -8.55 24.84 54.7 6397 -8.44 24.7 53.8 6441 -8.64 24.61 53.5 6456 -8.56 24.98 52.8 6490 -8.27 24.85 52 6529 -8.53 24.75 51 6579 -8.6 24.73 50 6628 -8.75 24.74 48.5 6702 -8.83 24.67 45 6874 -7.87 25.47 41.5 7046 -8.63 24.78 37.5 7243 -8.64 25.22 32.5 7356 -8.23 24.85 28.5 7447 -8.81 24.56 24 7549 -8.3 24.48 20 7640 -9.01 24.2 17 7708 -8.6 24.73 14 7776 -8.87 24.51