# Denniston et al. 1999 Cold Water Cave Iowa Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5425 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-5425.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/9taz-tt97 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/iowa/coldwater_cave-cwc2ss-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Core CWC-2SS Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2004-05-05 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-07 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Denniston et al. 1999 Cold Water Cave Iowa Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221); González, L.A.; Baker, R.G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-725X); Reagan, M.K.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-4194); Bettis, E.A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stable isotope data (13C and 18O) of three stalagmites from Cold Water Cave, northeastern Iowa, USA. (43 28' 04" N, 91 58' 30" W, 356m surface elevation). Stalagmites dated by U-Th Series and isotope data collected on a Finnigan MAT 252 using a Kiel II device. UPDATE 3/2025: sample depths from the SISAL Global Speleothem Isotope Database v2 (https://doi.org/10.25921/s4ze-ve52) were added to data table. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Denniston, Rhawn F., Luis A. González, Yemane Asmerom, Richard G. Baker, Mark K. Reagan, E. Arthur Bettis # Journal_Name: Geology # Published_Title: Evidence for increased cool season moisture during the middle Holocene # Published_Date_or_Year: 1999 # Volume: 27 # Pages: 815-818 # Issue: 9 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0815:EFICSM>2.3.CO;2 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Isotopic analyses of three stalagmites from Cold Water Cave, northeast Iowa, United States, reveal nearly identical d13C trends from ca. 7 to 2 ka. However, d18O patterns differ by as much as 3 per mil from 5.7 to 3.2 ka. These disparate d18O values reflect evaporative 18O enrichment in meteoric water prior to infiltration, suggesting that previously calculated temperatures based on a single Cold Water Cave stalagmite overestimated middle Holocene warming. The coincidence of elevated middle Holocene growth rates in the stalagmites with the lowest oxygen isotopic compositions indicates that the middle Holocene was marked by a predominance of cool-weather precipitation during a period of increased overall aridity. #-------------------- # Authors: Dorale, J.A., L.A. Gonzalez, M.K. Reagan, D.A. Pickett, M.T. Murrell, and R.G. Baker. # Journal_Name: Science # Published_Title: A high resolution record of Holocene climate change in speleothem calcite from Cold Water Cave, northeast Iowa # Published_Date_or_Year: 1992 # Volume: 258 # Pages: 1626-1630 # Issue: 5088 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.258.5088.1626 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: High-precision uranium-thorium mass spectrometric chronology and 18O-13C isotopic analysis of speleothem calcite from Cold Water Cave in northeast Iowa have been used to chart mid-Holocene climate change. Significant shifts in δ18O and δ13C isotopic values coincide with well-documented Holocene vegetation changes. Temperature estimates based on 18O/16O ratios suggest that the climate warmed rapidly by about 3δC at 5900 years before present and then cooled by 4δC at 3600 years before present. Initiation of a gradual increase in δ13C at 5900 years before present suggests that turnover of the forest soil biomass was slow and that equilibrium with prairie vegetation was not attained by 3600 years before present. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) # Grant: NA366PO238 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cold Water Cave # Location: Iowa # Northernmost_Latitude: 43.47 # Southernmost_Latitude: 43.47 # Easternmost_Longitude: -91.97 # Westernmost_Longitude: -91.97 # Elevation_m: 356 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CWC-2SS # First_Year: 7475 # Last_Year: 1096 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: # 234U_Decay_Constant: 2.835 x 10-6 year-1 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: 9.1952 x 10-6 year-1 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 2.5 x 10e-6 +/- 1.25 x 10e-6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Analyses of insoluble residues from cores 1S and 3L. Precise constraints were not applied to 2SS, thus resulting in larger age uncertainties in this sample. # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # core_id depth_bot_mm 238U_ppb 232Th_ppt d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # 2SS 77.5 214 1720 891 13 0.0311 0.0007 64.2 0.1 1740 150 # 2SS 68.5 216 24990 870 15 0.0829 0.0013 12.8 0.2 3870 510 # 2SS 64.5 225 3867 873 7 0.0695 0.0016 67.4 0.2 3950 120 # 2SS 59.0 310 2065 884 12 0.0876 0.0049 221 5 5100 300 # 2SS 37.0 286 7856 871 15 0.1761 0.0034 63.7 0.1 5960 180 # 2SS 26.5 300 12812 855 7 0.1130 0.0052 43.2 0.2 6410 380 # 2SS 21.5 288 49910 826 10 0.1447 0.0040 14.3 0.4 7270 830 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N, ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d13Cpdb delta 13C,calcium carbonate,,per mil PDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18Osmow delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil SMOW,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_mm age_calBP d13Cpdb d18Osmow 82 1096 -8.21 24.03 81.4 1192 -7.89 23.99 80.8 1288 -7.62 24.14 80 1416 -7.84 24.17 79.5 1496 -7.99 24.11 78.8 1608 -7.9 24.05 78 1736 -7.74 24.11 76 2056 -8.05 24.1 74.8 2248 -7.75 24.33 72.4 2632 -7.43 24.03 71.5 2776 -7.45 24.1 70 3017 -7.64 24.26 69.2 3145 -6.55 24.24 69 3177 -7.3 24.09 68.2 3305 -6.37 23.85 67.2 3465 -6.33 23.91 66.5 3577 -5.98 23.97 66 3657 -5.78 23.72 64.2 3945 -5.88 23.63 63.2 4167 -5.75 23.61 62 4433 -6.27 23.16 61 4655 -6.72 23.02 60 4876 -6.36 23 59 5098 -6.29 23.95 57.8 5146 -6.19 23.38 56.4 5203 -6.8 23.45 55 5259 -6.87 23.41 54.2 5291 -6.3 23.87 52.8 5348 -5.74 24.2 51.5 5400 -6.74 24.39 50 5461 -6.7 24.34 48.8 5509 -7.45 24.06 47.2 5573 -7.42 23.93 46 5622 -7.35 24 45.2 5654 -7.34 24.36 44 5702 -7.37 23.92 41.5 5803 -7.02 24.53 40.8 5831 -7.4 24.48 39.5 5883 -7.88 24.28 38.5 5924 -8.33 24.28 37.5 5964 -8.75 24.04 36.4 6010 -8.88 24.18 35 6068 -9.04 24.17 33.5 6130 -9.03 24.06 32.5 6171 -9.15 24.15 31.4 6217 -9.2 24.06 30 6275 -8.89 24.17 28 6357 -9.2 24.08 26.8 6407 -8.97 24.44 25.2 6473 -9.01 24.38 24.5 6502 -8.81 24.69 23.5 6544 -8.89 24.43 22.5 6585 -7.98 24.93 21.5 6626 -8.95 24.38 20.5 6668 -8.92 24.6 19.5 6709 -9.03 24.58 18.5 6751 -8.78 24.5 17.5 6792 -8.73 24.71 15.4 6879 -8.81 24.75 15 6896 -9.05 24.62 13.5 6958 -8.89 24.65 12.3 7007 -8.33 24.7 11.9 7024 -8.42 24.78 10.5 7082 -8.21 24.64 9.5 7123 -8.14 24.95 8.8 7152 -8.1 24.81 8 7185 -8.67 24.5 7 7227 -8.46 24.69 6 7268 -8.5 24.83 5.5 7289 -8.9 24.36 4.8 7318 -9.16 24.29 3.8 7359 -9.39 24.18 2.5 7413 -9.29 24.42 1 7475 -8.75 24.55